The Blood Lead Levels of 288 Normal Pregnant Women and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors and Health Education

为了解南京建邺地区计划妊娠妇女的血铅水平及其影响因素进行健康干预,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定了南京市建邺区妇幼保健院孕前门诊健康体检的288例孕前妇女血铅水平,并对其个人生活和饮食习惯等相关因素进行问卷调查,同时对部分铅超标孕前妇女进行健康干预.结果表明,孕前妇女铅中毒发生率为12.01％,经多元逐步回归分析确定,孕前妇女文化水平是妇女铅中毒的保护因素,经常食用皮蛋、膨化食品是妇女铅中毒的危险因素;健康干预方法对于铅超标妇女干预效果前后差异有显著性(P＜0.01).鉴于目前南京市建邺地区孕前妇女铅中毒流行率较高,对危险因素的预防以及健康干预方法能降低孕前妇女铅暴露水平,建议进行健康干预以促进健全婴儿出生,实现优生优育的目标.     

健康教育对健康体检人群中动脉粥样硬化患者的影响

目的讨论研究对健康体检人群中动脉粥样硬化患者进行健康教育的临床效果与影响。方法将健康体检人群中50例动脉粥样硬化患者随机分为干预组和常规组,各25例。其中干预组对患者进行健康教育;常规组患者给予一般常规教育。结果经过不同健康教育后的比较显示,干预组自我管理能力提升明显,生活质量评分显著优于常规组(P0.05)。结论在健康体检人群中对动脉粥样硬化患者进行健康教育能够帮助患者强化、加深对疾病知识正确、全面的认识,能够有效提高患者遵医嘱服药、日常锻炼的自觉性,加快疾病恢复速度并促进疾病预后情况,改善患者生活质量。     

288例孕前妇女血铅水平及相关因素和健康干预分析

为了解南京建邺地区计划妊娠妇女的血铅水平及其影响因素进行健康干预,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定了南京市建邺区妇幼保健院孕前门诊健康体检的288例孕前妇女血铅水平,并对其个人生活和饮食习惯等相关因素进行问卷调查,同时对部分铅超标孕前妇女进行健康干预。结果表明,孕前妇女铅中毒发生率为12.01%,经多元逐步回归分析确定,孕前妇女文化水平是妇女铅中毒的保护因素,经常食用皮蛋、膨化食品是妇女铅中毒的危险因素;健康干预方法对于铅超标妇女干预效果前后差异有显著性(P<0.01)。鉴于目前南京市建邺地区孕前妇女铅中毒流行率较高,对危险因素的预防以及健康干预方法能降低孕前妇女铅暴露水平,建议进行健康干预以促进健全婴儿出生,实现优生优育的目标。     

综合护理干预对妊娠高血压综合征患者血压及妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨综合护理干预对妊娠高血压综合征患者血压及妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2012年6月至2015年2月来江西省新余市中医院接受治疗的88例PIH患者作为研究对象。按照入院顺序抽签后随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组患者进行常规护理。实验组患者在对照组护理的基础上,进行综合护理干预。观察患者血压、分娩方式结局、胎儿结局。结果实验组护理后收缩压和舒张压均低于对照组和护理前(P0.05)。实验组早产、产后出血、胎盘早剥、剖宫产总发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。实验组胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息总发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论综合护理干预能够降低妊娠高血压综合征患者的血压,改善妊娠结局。     

番茄红素改善移植血管内皮功能

目的探讨番茄红素对大鼠移植血管内皮功能的改善作用。方法实验分为两组:实验组,Lewis大鼠接受Brown-Norway(BN)大鼠腹主动脉移植;番茄红素干预组(30 mg·kg-1·d-1),Lewis大鼠接受BN大鼠腹主动脉移植。于移植后28 d取移植动脉,进行组织形态学观察、测量内膜厚度,免疫组化检测血管内i NOS和ICAM-1表达。收集各组血浆,ELISA检测c GMP浓度。结果各组血管内膜均出现增厚;番茄红素干预组血管内膜增厚与实验组相比显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。免疫组化检测结果显示,与实验组相比,番茄红素干预组移植动脉i NOS表达增高(P0.05)。结论番茄红素通过调控NOS通路,改善内皮功能,缓解移植动脉的纤维化进程以及内膜的增生。     

乳腺癌患者化疗前后血清Ca、P、Mg、Zn含量与疗效的关系

目的探讨乳腺癌患者化疗效果对血清中钙(Ca)、磷(P)、镁(Mg)以及锌(Zn)含量的影响。方法选取普宁市人民医院进行化疗的乳腺癌患者80例作为化疗组,观察患者化疗前后血清中Ca、P、Mg以及Zn的水平变化,另选80例健康女性作为健康人组,检测其血清Ca、P、Mg、Zn水平,并进行对比分析。结果化疗组Ca、Mg含量明显低于健康人组(P0.05),Zn含量明显高于健康人组(P0.05),P含量与健康人组相比无统计学意义(P0.05);化疗后Ca、Mg含量显著高于化疗前(P0.05),Zn含量显著低于化疗前(P0.05),P含量略低于化疗前(P0.05)。结论血清Ca、P、Mg、Zn含量随着临床治疗效果所变化,可作为检测化疗效果的有效反应因子,在疗效判定方面具有一定的参考价值。     

不同抗凝比例对凝血四项检测结果的影响

目的观察并分析凝血四项检测结果与不同比例下的全血与抗凝剂之间的关系。方法研究对象取2015年6月来湖北省宜昌市第二人民医院参加体检的110例健康人员,抽取全血血液样本后按照不同比例与抗凝剂混匀,常规分离血浆并测定受试者凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、激活部分促凝血酶原激酶时间(APTT)以及纤维蛋白原(FIB),并对研究结果相关数据作统计学处理。结果当血液量与抗凝剂比例为1∶5时,标本TT、PT、APTT以及FIB各项指标较1∶9时差异显著而具有统计学意义(P0.05);抗凝比例1∶7的情况下,TT指标差异与1∶9抗凝比例标本相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),而PT、FIB以及APTT三项指标差异并无统计学意义(P0.05);抗凝比例为1∶11与1∶13的情况下,TT指标与1∶9抗凝比例标本相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),而PT、FIB以及APTT三项指标差异并无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论凝血四项检测工作中,标本质量检测控制最关键的环节在于准确采集血液量,倘若采集血量过多或过少,导致与抗凝剂比例失调往往会影响测定结果准确性,检验科工作人员应予以重视。     

ICP-MS测定肾癌患者血清微量元素水平及其临床意义分析

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对24例健康对照者、30例肾癌患者血清中多种微量元素的含量进行测定,探讨血清微量元素与肾肿瘤的关系。与健康对照组相比,肾癌患者血清中V、Co、Ni、Mn、Cd的含量显著增高(P0.05),而Ca、Zn的含量明显降低(P0.05)。Co、Ni、Cd可能是肾癌的危险因素,Ca、Zn可能为肾癌的保护因素。V、Mn与肾癌的相关性仍需进一步研究。     

rfMRI在首发原发性癫痫患者治疗效果评估中的应用

本文探讨了静息态功能磁共振成像(rfMRI)在首发原发性癫痫患者治疗效果评价中的应用。选取在2017年8月～2018年8月期间来我院诊治的首发原发性癫痫患者62例(观察组)和同期的健康志愿者(对照组)62例进行研究。两组受试者均进行rfMRI检查,观察组患者在进行为期3个月的药物治疗后再次行rfMRI检查。之后计算每例受试者的全脑比率低频振幅(fALFF)值,同时将观察组治疗前后的数据分别与对照组进行比较。结果显示,在治疗前,观察组患者的双侧丘脑、双侧后扣带回、左侧角会及左侧顶下小叶的fALFF值显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组的双侧前额叶及双侧前扣带回的fALFF值显著低于对照组(P0.05)。在治疗后,与对照组相比,观察组双侧丘脑的异常激活脑区消失,双侧后扣带回、左侧角回的异常激活脑区的范围减少,然而左侧顶下小叶激活脑区的范围变大(P0.05);观察组在治疗后,双侧额叶、双侧楔前叶及左侧楔叶的fALFF值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可知,rfMRI结合fALFF可以有效观察首发原发性癫痫患者在治疗前后的脑功能变化情况,同时也为临床药物治疗癫痫的疗效评估提供了参考。     

护理干预在64层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管造影检查的应用和护理体会

目的护理干预措施对64排螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像质量的影响及其应用价值。方法对照组行常规的检查前准备,干预组除常规准备还通过心理和行为干预法控制呼吸和心率。观察两组检查成功率和图像质量。结果通过护理干预措施和控制心率药物,患者呼吸、心率达到检查的要求,干预组检查成功率(χ2=19.314,P0.001)和图像质量优良率(Z=19.314,P=0.03)明显高于对照组。结论在64层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像检查配合全程心理和行为干预法的护理措施,提高患者检查成功率和成像图像质量优良率,对临床诊断和治疗起到重要作用,效果显著,在临床中值得推广应用。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。