A Transparent Indenter Measurement Method for Mechanical Property Evaluation

An optical Transparent Indenter Measurement (TIM) method was developed for measurement of material surface mechanical properties. During the spherical indentation test, in-situ measurements of indentation-induced surface out-of-plane displacements were obtained using an integrated phase-shifting Twyman-Green interferometer. Based on elastic recovery theory and 2D finite element analyses, a procedure was developed to determine the material Young's modulus using the measured surface out-of-plane displacements. During the spherical indentation test, contact radii were also measured and used to estimate the material post-yielding true stress-strain curve using Tabor's empirical relation. An experimental TIM apparatus was assembled to test on two engineering alloys and the results showed good agreement with known material properties.     

A Piezoelectric Technique for Evaluation of Crack Closure

The ability of the piezoelectric materials to work as sensors and actuators was employed in a technique for monitoring the degree of crack closure and to detect the crack opening load. The technique is demonstrated through experiments with a cracked beam. It consists in exciting the specimen with a piezoelectric actuator and recording the electromechanical response of piezoelectric sensors placed near the crack mouth, while applying a bending moment to open the crack. The sensors in the neighborhood of the crack present a reduction in the amplitude response signal due to the progressive decrease of the dynamic strains near the crack, as the bending load causes the crack to open, reducing the contact between the surfaces of the fatigue crack and the load transmission through the contact area. The results show that the method has a high sensitivity to the state of crack closure, allowing for the direct determination of the crack opening load.     

Technique of Allowing for Plastic Strains Under Unloading in Thermoplasticity Problems for Axisymmetric Bodies

International Applied Mechanics - The nonaxisymmetric elastoplastic stress–strain state of bodies of revolution under nonisothermal combined loading is analyzed with allowance for secondary...     

用动态力学分析技术评价TATB/氟聚物复合材料界面

在测定四种TATB/氟聚物复合材料的力学损耗基础上 ,利用三相模型和A参数评估这四种复合材料界面。结果表明 :TATB/氟聚物复合材料界面的分子间作用主要是范德华力 ,并且这种力不能有效阻止该界面的滑移。同时 ,还存在着另一种影响界面力学性能的作用机制 ,这种机制与氟聚物的相态相关。因此改变有关相态可能是提高TATB/氟聚物复合材料力学性能的一条有效途径。     

理想八面体点阵结构力学模型优化及力学性能测试分析

利用光固化立体成型技术(SLA)制备了不同相对密度的光敏树脂基体理想八面体结构,并对其进行紫外固化处理,通过理论计算、实验测试以及数值模拟的方式对八面体点阵结构的力学性能进行了分析.实验结果表明八面体点阵结构的压缩模量以及抗压强度随着相对密度的增加而上升,相对密度从11.3%提升至27.9%,弹性模量上升了3.5倍左右,抗压强度上升2.6倍左右.利用ABAQUS有限元软件对实验过程进行了模拟,数值模拟结果与实验结果具有良好的一致性.在理论计算中,对Deshpande等提出的八面体点阵结构计算模型(DFA模型)进行了修正,计算结果显示修正后的计算结果更接近实验值与模拟值.     

化学固沙结皮力学性能的研究

通过自行设计的实验装置,测量了不同混合比例的化学固沙结皮在不同载荷下的弯曲蠕变。在此基础上,导出化学固沙结皮的弹性模量E和蠕变函数公式,并数值模拟了沙床上的结皮在集中载荷作用下的变形。     

动脉壁静态非线性力学性质的实验和理论研究

在动脉血管壁力学实验及已有的拟弹性理论研究基础上,提出了一个理论模型来分析具有残余应力动脉壁的非线性力学性质． 在动脉壁被模拟为均质、正交各向异性、不可压缩和具有初应力材料的前提下,建立了一个表达有残余应力动脉壁静态三维非线性拟弹性性质的ｅ指数型本构方程． 动脉壁本构方程中的十个拟弹性参数是用我们的动脉实验数据及所发展的多曲线联合逼近算法数据拟合来确定．     

微型网状结构支架的力学性能研究

冠状动脉支架为圆柱形微型网状结构，直径1mm，厚度0．1mm，长度10～16mm。在经皮冠状动脉介入PCI治疗中由球囊充气撑开到直径为2．5～3．5mm的支架，在血管内承受血管壁回弹压力。为了保持血液流通支架必须保持其几何圆形。这是一个结构弹塑性稳定性问题。但是目前国际上对于支架的力学性能质量指标主要以强度性能评定而不涉及支架屈曲性能是不妥的。本文对于支架的强度和屈曲性能进行了全面的理论分析和实验研究，自行研制了智能式电子检测仪成功地对微型网状结构支架的强度和屈曲性能实现了实测实验研究。由于微型支架的离散型网状结构的特点，在实验中出现一些特殊的屈曲现象。本文研究结果对于支架的形状与性能设计的改进和力学性能质量标准规范的制订具有重要意义。     

虚位移场方法在石墨材料力学参数测量中的应用

光测实验技术在现代力学研究中得到了广泛的应用。对于材料力学参数如杨氏模量和泊松比的测量,可利用典型加载试验如拉伸试验、弯曲试验并结合光测方法(如云纹和数字图像相关技术)得到位移值,利用载荷信息和应变场信息通过计算获得相关的力学参数。本文利用虚位移场方法测量石墨材料的力学参数。结合石墨材料的三点弯曲实验,由数字图像相关法测量得到试件表面的非均匀变形场。通过选择两组不同的虚位移场,可以反算出材料的力学参数:杨氏模量和泊松比。结果表明这种方法可以有效测量石墨材料的弹性参数。该方法可望在材料力学行为检测中得到推广应用。     

外支架对移植静脉力学特性的影响

自体静脉移植是动脉粥样硬化等血管阻塞疾病的主要治疗手段之一,但移植静脉重建引起的再狭窄严重影响通畅率。研究表明,静脉和动脉之间几何尺寸与力学性质的不同以及力学环境的差异是吻合口再狭窄的主要原因。在动脉环境下,静脉桥路被严重扩张,桥路的内半径要比宿主动脉的大很多,这不仅大大提高了桥路管壁中的应力水平,而且也促使吻合口附近涡流的形成。管壁中增高的周向应力和由于涡流引起的紊乱的切应力是静脉桥路再狭窄的主要原因。为了提高静脉桥路的通畅率,外支架的技术日益引起人们的重视。外支架除了可以加强静脉桥路壁强度,降低管壁中的周向应力外,还可以消除吻合口附近的涡流,从而起到保护作用。本文将综述外支架保护静脉桥路的研究历史以及目前现状。     

母液对磁流变液力学性质的影响

研究了磁流变液中母液分子在磁场作用下磁矩的变化以及由此引起的剪切屈服强度的变化,探讨了磁流变的微观机理。研究表明,由分子磁矩引起的剪切屈服强度与磁流变液总屈服强度的比随母液分子内电子数的增加而增加,一般情况下,单位体积内的平均分子磁矩占总磁矩的2·53%,由此引起的剪切屈服强度的减少占总剪切屈服强度的5·15%。为减少误差,可尽量选用电子数较少的分子材料作母液。     

卸载柔度法测定JR阻力曲线的微机自动化系统

本文依据我国有关试验规范,在国内广泛引进的日本岛津(Shimadzu)DSS—25T 型电子万能试验机上,研制配备了用微型计算机实现的单试样卸载柔度法的加、卸载控制与数据采集、处理的自动化系统。全部实验结果由打印机直接输出,可以大幅度地提高测试效率,试验精度也得到改善。     

光学目标模拟器总体结构方案分析及关键技术

光学目标模拟器是光学成像制导仿真系统中的关键设备之一。本文在介绍圆弧导轨式和框架式两种光学目标模拟器机械结构方案的基础上，详细分析了框架式机械结构的诸多优点。最后，总结了框架式目标模拟器研制中的一些关键技术     

玉米根茬剪切力学性能试验与分析

为提高免耕播种机破茬刀的工作性能,需要分析剪切速度、切刀刃型及剪切方式对根茬剪切性能的影响规律,采用微机控制电子万能试验机对玉米根茬进行上述三因素随机区组剪切性能试验。结果表明:剪切方式对最大剪切力的影响最大,其次是剪切速度;切刀刃型对最大剪切力的影响较小;最大剪切力随着剪切速度的增大而减小;同一刃型切刀在相同剪切速度下,横切时最大剪切力最大,劈切时最大剪切力最小;同一剪切方式在相同剪切速度下,直刃切刀的最大剪切力最大,凸圆刃切刀的最大剪切力最小;不同剪切方式,切茬过程的负荷-变形曲线不同。     

层状粘接复合结构界面力学参数声导波定征方法

在推导层状粘接复合结构良好粘接及存在弱界面、滑移界面和脱层等几种不同界面条件下声导波的广义频散方程的基础上,分析了界面径向与轴向力学参数对声导波传播特性的影响,进一步提出以频散特性为基础的超声导波定征方法和在最小二乘意义下的反向算法对粘接复合结构层间界面力学参数进行了估计,分析了影响估计准确性的各种因素,研究了超声导波定征方法对粘接复合结构层间力学参数的灵敏度及其在误差传递中的意义。     

基于压电阻抗技术的奥氏体不锈钢力学损伤定量监测

采用压电阻抗(Electro-mechanical impedance,EMI)技术对奥氏体不锈钢在拉伸过程中的力学损伤进行了定量监测实验研究.选择不同损伤状态下阻抗谱谐振峰频率偏移量△f及均方根偏差(Root-mean-square deviation,RMSD)值作为损伤识别指数,结果表明:在试样弹性变形阶段,△f和RMSD值很小,并且在加载过程中基本保持不变或小有波动;试样发生塑性变形以后,二者均明显增加,其中,△f值由0.05kHz随加载应力逐渐增加至1.65kHz时试样发生断裂,而RMSD由1.3％增大至17.6％后逐渐减小.文中对这种差别出现的原因及两参数各自的特点进行了讨论.显微分析结果证实材料弹塑性转变过程中两参数的变化与试样微观损伤具有很好的对应性,表明利用压电阻抗技术监测和评价核电管道用奥氏体不锈钢的力学损伤具有可行性.     

变温下橡胶材料力学性能的实验分析

利用Zwick020材料试验机研究了天然橡胶材料在不同温度条件下单向拉伸的大变形力学行为。得到了不同温度和不同加载速率条件下材料的应力-应变关系曲线和材料的破坏条件,由此分析了高温和低温的温度变化条件及加载速率对材料力学性能的影响,得出天然橡胶材料在大变形条件下的温度和加载速率敏感特性。同时利用实验结果拟合出材料的应变能函数,并应用热超弹性模型对材料进行了理论分析。结果表明,理论分析结果与实验结果仅在一定温度范围内吻合得较好,因为材料软化或硬化,在很高或很低的温度情况下二者有一定差别。     

轻质合金压印接头质量判断及其力学性能研究

在结构轻量化的进程中,新型薄板材料被大量使用,新兴的压印连接技术可以实现这些材料的连接．以钛合金为主要材料进行压印连接实验,结果显示材料的母材性能对连接性能、接头强度、失效形式均有一定的影响．压印接头的拉伸-剪切失效形式为颈部断裂时,拉伸-剪切实验过程中载荷位移曲线有两次明显的下降过程,分别是由于圆形压印点的上半部分颈部被拉断,圆压印点的下半部分颈部被拉断造成的．微观分析显示TA1-TA1压印接头断口呈现类解理穿晶断裂,5052-TA1压印接头断口出现拉长韧窝特征,属于塑性断裂,1420-TA1接头断口呈现大面积平面及少量冰糖状花样,属于沿晶脆性断裂．     

Biaxial Mechanical Evaluation of Planar Biological Materials

A fundamental goal in constitutive modeling is to predict the mechanical behavior of a material under a generalized loading state. To achieve this goal, rigorous experimentation involving all relevant deformations is necessary to obtain both the form and material constants of a strain-energy density function. For both natural biological tissues and tissue-derived soft biomaterials, there exist many physiological, surgical, and medical device applications where rigorous constitutive models are required. Since biological tissues are generally considered incompressible, planar biaxial testing allows for a two-dimensional stress-state that can be used to characterize fully their mechanical properties. Application of biaxial testing to biological tissues initially developed as an extension of the techniques developed for the investigation of rubber elasticity [43, 57]. However, whereas for rubber-like materials the continuum scale is that of large polymer molecules, it is at the fiber-level (∼1 μm) for soft biological tissues. This is underscored by the fact that the fibers that comprise biological tissues exhibit finite nonlinear stress-strain responses and undergo large strains and rotations, which together induce complex mechanical behaviors not easily accounted for in classic constitutive models. Accounting for these behaviors by careful experimental evaluation and formulation of a constitutive model continues to be a challenging area in biomechanics. The focus of this paper is to describe a history of the application of biaxial testing techniques to soft planar tissues, their relation to relevant modern biomechanical constitutive theories, and important future trends. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Evaluation of the High-Speed Drilling Technique for the Incremental Hole-Drilling Method

The incremental hole-drilling method is frequently used for residual stress depth distribution analyses, due to its fast and economical experimental execution. Depending on the planned use of the component, the drilled hole that is made to measure the residual stress can often be repaired or ignored if it does not affect the intended use of the part. Nevertheless an important experimental issue and assumption is the introduction of an ideal cylindrical hole into the component without additional plastic deformation. Although high-speed drilling is well established the consequences of the resulting hole geometries compared to ideal assumptions are not well known. Therefore, a detailed comparison between different bits and drilling techniques was carried out and is discussed in this paper in order to detect the best experimental conditions and to find out reasons especially for the lack of accuracy of the hole-drilling method for the first increments close to the specimens surface. It comes out that the orbital drilling with common used six-blade bits results in the best compromise of an ideal cylindrical hole and centricity to the center of the strain gage rosette. In the case of conventional drilling the hole geometry differs from the ideal one if six-blade bits were used due to the influence of chamfers at the cutting edges and a non 180° plane end face and also in the case of a two-blade bit due to a non 180° plane end face and the tendency to more eccentric holes. Diamond bits cannot be recommended under all tested conditions due to their geometrical undefined shape.