The measurement of parathyroid hormone in sera of hemodialysis patients with renal insufficiency by employing the various kinds of parathyroid hormone kits

This study focussed on elucidating difference of blood PTH levels, by employing the various kinds of PTH kits. We carried out the measurements of PTH levels in sera of the hemodialysis patients with renal insufficiency presumably inactivated PTH degradative regulation in kidney. Our results showed the remarkable significant relationships among blood PTH levels of carboxyl and mid-region PTH and intact PTH in hemodialysis patients and was deduced that the difference of PTH levels by using various kinds of PTH kits was responsible of PTH cleavage effect in the kidney.     

Influences of serum magnesium on measurements of serum parathyroid hormone

The amino sequence recognizable parathyroid hormones (PTH) in lower and non-lower magnesemic groups in randomized samples were measured by using various kinds of the well established PTH kits. The levels of carboxy terminal, mid-region and intact PTH in lower magnesemic group were more decreased than these in non-lower magnesemic group. It is likely that the shortage of magnesium in serum makes a suppression of PTH secretion.     

Magnesium, parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin in the sera of hospitalized patients with chronic alcoholism

Levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and osteocalcin in hypomagnesemic sera of chronic alcoholism patients were carried out to evaluate the roles of chronic alcohol poisoning on bone metabolism. Serum gamma-GTP activity showed inverse relationships among serum Mg and osteocalcin in these patients and PTH levels were also more decreased in these patients than in healthy subjects. These results indicated that the direct actions of alcohol might be brought about by the deterioration of bone metabolism, due to the decrease of serum PTH and osteocalcin levels by chronic alcohol poisoning.     

TCD检测MCA供血区非痴呆型血管性认知障碍的血流动力学相关性研究

目的探讨TCD检测MCA供血区非痴呆型血管认知障碍患者的血流动力学的变化关系。方法选取2015年10月至2016年10月在佳木斯大学附属第一医院门诊和住院部被确诊为MCA供血区缺血性脑梗死的患者80例,将被诊断为非痴呆型血管性认知障碍36例患者为观察组,同时选取被确诊为无血管性认知障碍的44例患者为对照组。通过TCD检测两组患者MCA的血流速度、脉动指数。比较两组的血流速度及脉动指数的关系。结果观察组患者非痴呆型血管性认知障碍与认知正常的对照组之间TCD脑血流动力学存在差异,观察组的各期血流速度均较对照组降低(P0.05),而脉动指数增高(P0.05),均具有统计学意义。结论 TCD检测MCA供血区缺血性脑卒中患者的血流速度和脉动指数可以指导临床医师早期对VCI-ND的辅助诊断。     

The measurements of parathyroid hormones in sera of elderly osteoporotic patients with serum high alkaline phosphatase activity

This study was carried out to investigate effects of drugs treated in the elderly osteoporotic patients on measurements of carboxy terminal, mid-region and intact PTH, by using the various kinds of PTH kits. The drugs such as 1 alpha(OH)D3, calcitonin and so on, in the treatment of osteoporotic patients, was brought about no significant inter-relationships among carboxy terminal, mid-region and intact PTH in sera of the elderly osteoporotic patients with serum high alkaline phosphatase activity.     

Investigation of calcium disorders.

The advent of new two-site immunometric assays for intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurement has enhanced the interpretation of results in many patients under investigation for hypercalcemia. The aim of this article is to give practical advice on the use of the new intact PTH methods and other tests for the investigation of the more common disorders of calcium metabolism.     

维持性血液透析患者血清铁调素水平与心血管疾病的关系研究

目的观察分析维持性血液透析患者血清铁调素水平与心血管疾病的关系。方法选择惠州市第三人民医院2014年12月至2016年12月期间收治的维持性血液透析患者54例作为观察组,包含20例患者出现心血管疾病,另外选择接受体检的健康人25例作为对照组。结果观察组患者的血清铁调素水平、晚期氧化蛋白物及IL-6均显著高于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组发生心血管疾病患者血清铁调素水平显著高于非心血管疾病患者,数据比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血液透析患者血清铁调素水平与心血管疾病具有相关性,即可作为血透患者发生心血管疾病的新的独立危险因素,但需要进一步验证。     

Polymorphisms in two genes, IL-1B and ACE, are associated with erythropoietin resistance in Korean patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Genetic polymorphisms may be linked to inter-individual differences in erythropoietin (EPO) resistance. We investigated the -511C/T polymorphism of the IL-1B gene and the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene for any association with EPO resistance index (ERI) in maintenance hemodialysis patients (n=167). Because EPO responsiveness is multi-factorial, we also included other possible influences (age, sex, time on dialysis, ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use, ferritin, transferrin saturation, intact PTH, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, albumin, Kt/V, and presence of diabetes mellitus) on ERI in our analyses. Multiple regression analysis showed significant association of the IL-1B-511CC and ACE DD polymorphisms with ERI (P=0.038 and P=0.004 in the recessive model, respectively). The combination (C) of alleles of two loci showed that C1 (I-T) was significantly associated with ERI in the co-dominant and recessive models (P=0.005 and P=0.0001, respectively). Subjects who did not carry C1 showed significantly decreased ERI (10.10+/-5.15 IU/kg weight/g hemoglobin) compared to other study subjects (C1/C1 and C1/-; 12.97+/-4.90 and 15.12+/-7.43 IU/kg weight/g hemoglobin, respectively). Our study indicates that the IL-1B-511C/T and ACE I/D polymorphisms may be useful genetic markers of EPO requirement in hemodialysis patients. These findings might also provide a new perspective on therapeutic approaches to the treatment of end stage renal disease patients with anemia.     

Prostaglandin D2 synthase and its post-translational modifications in neurological disorders

Prostaglandin D2 synthase (PGDS) (beta-trace protein) is a highly abundant cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glycoprotein. A number of studies have been performed to determine the potential value of this protein for the diagnosis of various neurological disorders. The measurement of total PGDS levels in CSF has proved marginally useful for this purpose, but promising results were obtained while investigating changes in the posttranslational modifications (PTM) pattern. Using 2-DE analysis, we previously showed that PGDS is differentially expressed in ante- and post mortem CSF samples. In the present study, we examined whether the PGDS isoforms may help to distinguish stroke and neurodegenerative disease patients from healthy subjects. The pattern of PGDS PTM was analyzed in CSF from patients with various neurological disorders (n = 44) using IEF/immunoblotting techniques. Strong alterations of this pattern were detected in patients with different forms of degenerative dementia. These findings are consistent with PGDS being altered in some neurological diseases and provide new opportunities for clinical applications.     

Past,Present, and Future of Artificial Kidney Treatment

The past has seen the evolution of hemodialysis from a very complex operation to a systematized approach which allows the procedure to be instituted by minimally trained individuals. The first big advance in the application of hemodialysis to the problem of chronic renal insufficiency came in 1960 when a permanently implanted arteriovenous plastic fistulae was established. Improvements in dialyzer design and the logistics of hemodialysis since then have resulted in expansion of hemodialysis facilities. There is still a deficit between facilities available and suitable patients in need of therapy. Closure of this gap will depend upon a cheap, small, disposable dialyzer which most patients can operate themselves. In addition, an improvement in kidney transplantation results will remove many patients from the pool of those needing hemodialysis. It is likely that other medical applications of hemodialysis will be discovered in the future.     

Comparative pharmacokinetic study of the components of Jia‐Wei‐Kai‐Xin‐San in normal and vascular dementia rats by ultra‐fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

A fast, sensitive, and reliable ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of geniposide, polygalaxanthone III, 3,6′‐disinapoyl sucrose, α‐asarone, β‐asarone, poricoic acid A, poricoic acid B, dehydrotumulosic acid, deoxyschizandrin, schizandrin B, and kaempferide in plasma after oral administration of extracts of Jia‐Wei‐Kai‐Xin‐San in normal and vascular dementia rats. The developed method was precise and accurate within the linearity range of the analytes. The lower limits of quantification were 1.04–2.68 ng/mL for all the analytes. Both intra‐ and inter day precision and accuracy of the analytes were all within accepted criteria. The mean extraction recoveries of the analytes and the internal standard from rat plasma were all >60.0%. The validated method had been successfully applied to compare pharmacokinetic profiles of the analytes in plasma of normal and vascular dementia rat treated with herbal extracts. Results indicated that differences existed between normal and vascular dementia model rats except dehydrotumulosic acid and kaempferide, which might be due to the pathology of vascular dementia and pharmacological effect of the analytes. These pharmacokinetic studies might benefit for the mechanism exploration and clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine formulae.     

The measurement of serum human parathyroid hormone (h-PTH53-84) and effect of exercise on calcium metabolism

This study was focussed our attention on the measurement within the upper physiological level of human serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), using kits of human PTH 53-84. This assay kit was able to detect serum PTH in sera with subtle changes of serum calcium concentrations before and after short term exercise. These serum PTH levels before and after exercise seemed to be changed within the upper physiological levels of PTH. Thus, this study suggested that the assay kit was likely to become a useful tool of the measurement of the physiological level of serum PTH in humans.     

Opioid peptides in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer patients

Endogenous opioid receptoractive peptides in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human controls and in those patients diagnosed as having senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) are measured with a radioreceptorassay following HPLC separation. [3H]Etorphine is the ligand used to detect in the HPLC fractions the presence of those endogenous peptides that preferentially interact with several opioid receptors. The RRA uses a receptor-rich P2 fraction extracted from a canine limbic system. The total opioid peptide content found in the HPLC fractions 6-20 (to avoid salts in fractions 1-5) of SDAT CSF (383 +/- 187 pmol ME-equivalents per ml CSF) is significantly higher than the corresponding total from patients with no known neurological disorders (89.1 +/- 46.3 pmol ME-equivalents per ml).     

Analysis of blood plasma proteins in patients with Alzheimer's disease by two-dimensional electrophoresis, sequence homology and immunodetection

Blood plasma proteins of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; senile dementia) and non-AD-type dementia were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis and identified by migration position in the electrophoresis pattern, sequence homology, and immunodetection by using antibodies. For the control experiments, blood plasma proteins of a healthy young individual and non-dementia patients were examined in a manner similar to that of the plasma samples of AD patients. In the plasma sample of the healthy young individual, more than 350 spots of silver-stained proteins were observed and among these spots, 73 spots were identified. Blood plasma proteins of the AD and non-AD-type dementia patients were compared with those of the control and non-dementia patients. In the blood plasma samples of five AD patients, three patients had apolipoprotein E4, and another patient showed apolipoprotein L and complement factor H. For the AD-related proteins apolipoprotein E, tau-1, and presenilin 2, proteins were examined by immunostaining with antibodies, in both AD and non-AD patients. Among the three samples of non-AD-type dementia patients, one was distinguishable by amyloid A proteins, and the other by haptoglobin isoforms.     

Clinical Relevance of [18F]Florbetaben and [18F]FDG PET/CT Imaging on the Management of Patients with Dementia

PET of β-Amyloid plaques (Aβ) using [¹⁸F]florbetaben ([¹⁸F]FBB) and [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) increasingly aid clinicians in early diagnosis of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), frontotemporal disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and vascular dementia. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate clinical relevance of [¹⁸F]FBB, [¹⁸F]FDG PET and complimentary CSF measurements in patients with suspected dementia. In this study, 40 patients with clinically suspected or history of dementia underwent (1) measurement of Aβ peptides, total tau, and p-tau protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared with healthy controls (HC); (2) clinical and neuropsychological assessment, which included Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease neuropsychological assessment battery (CERAD-NAB); (3) [¹⁸F]FBB and [¹⁸F]FDG PET imaging within an average of 3 weeks. The subjects were within 15 days stratified using PET, CSF measurements as HC, mild cognitive impaired (MCI) and dementia including Alzheimer´s disease. The predictive dementia-related cognitive decline values were supporting the measurements. PET images were evaluated visually and quantitatively using standard uptake value ratios (SUVR). Twenty-one (52.5%) subjects were amyloid-positive (Aβ+), with a median neocortical SUVR of 1.80 for AD versus 1.20 relative to the respective 19 (47.5 %) amyloid-negative (Aβ-) subjects. Moreover, the [¹⁸F]FDG and [¹⁸F]FBB confirmed within a sub-group of 10 patients a good complimentary role by correlation between amyloid pathology and brain glucose metabolism in 8 out of 10 subjects. The results suggest the clinical relevance for [¹⁸F]FBB combined with [¹⁸F]FDG PET retention and CFS measurements serving the management of our patients with dementia. Therefore, [¹⁸F]FBB combined with [¹⁸F]FDG PET is a helpful tool for differential diagnosis, and supports the patients’ management as well as treatment.     

Angiopoietin-1 variant, COMP-Ang1 attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced acute lung injury

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in acute lung injury. Tissue inflammation, the increased vascular permeability, and plasma exudation are cardinal features of acute lung injury. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) has potential therapeutic applications in preventing vascular leakage and also has beneficial effects in several inflammatory disorders. Recently developed COMP-Ang1 is more potent than native Ang1 in phosphorylating tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and EGF homology domain 2 receptor in endothelial cells. However, there are no data on effects and related molecular mechanisms of COMP- Ang1 on ROS-induced acute lung injury. We used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-inhaled mice to evaluate the effect of COMP-Ang1 on pulmonary inflammation, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and vascular leakage in acute lung injury. The results have revealed that VEGF expression, the levels of IL-4, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in lungs, the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and NF-kappaB in nuclear protein extracts, phosphorylation of Akt, and vascular permeability were increased after inhalation of H2O2 and that the administration of COMP-Ang1 markedly reduced airway hyper-responsiveness, pulmonary inflammation, plasma extravasation, and the increases of cytokines, adhesion molecules, and VEGF in lungs treated with H2O2. We have also found that the activation of HIF-1a and NF-kB and the increase of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity in lung tissues after H2O2 inhalation were decreased by the administration of COMP-Ang1. These results suggest that COMP-Ang1 ameliorates ROS-induced acute lung injury through attenuating vascular leakage and modulating inflammatory mediators.     

Determination of Urinary Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Levels in Non-uremic Subjects by Gas Chromatography

Abstract

In vivo studies of urinary bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) levels in dogs and in non-uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis treatments for psoriasis were undertaken. Dogs were divided into 3 groups: Control, Sham-Operated, and Nephrectomized. Each dog received 225 mg DEHP per kilogram body weight via the femoral vein. Each of the non-uremic patients underwent hemodialysis therapy for 4–5 hours once a week for four consecutive weeks to treat their psoriatic condition. Specimens of 2 4 hr urine were collected and analyzed for DEHP by gas chromatography. The detection limit of DEHP in urine is 15 ng/ml. No detectable DEHP was found in the urine of all pre-injection specimens obtained from all three groups of dogs. The total urinary DEHP concentrations for the four day period were found to be 76.1 and 192.2 μg for the Control and the Sham-Operated dogs, respectively. No urine samples could be collected from the Nephrectomized dogs. DEHP levels were found in the 24 hr urine specimens from some of the non-uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy. The DEHP concentrations ranged from non-detectable to 159.8 yg/24 hrs. Normal renal function seems to be necessary for the excretion of non-metabolized DEHP.     

Phenylthiohydantoin Formation as a Novel Mode of Assay,Applied to S-Carboxymethylcysteine in Plasma

Abstract

The novel method now described, for S-carboxymethylcysteine in plasma at levels that may be lower than 20 μg/ml in therapeutic investigations, entails conversion into the corresponding phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) derivative, so as to confer ultraviolet detectability in a final separation step entailing reverse-phase HPLC. The conditions adopted take account of possible losses of the compound, associated with capricious water-solubility, of stability problems unexpectedly encountered with its PTH derivative, and of the risk of interferences from plasma constituents.     

Highly sensitive and selective separation of intact parathyroid hormone and variants by sheathless CE‐ESI‐MS/MS

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a common clinical marker whose quantification relies on immunoassays, giving variable results as batch, brand, or target epitope changes. Sheathless CE‐ESI‐MS, combining CE resolution power and low‐flow ESI sensitivity, was applied to the analysis of PTH in its native conformation in the presence of related forms. Fused silica and neutral‐coated capillaries were investigated, as well as preconcentration methods such as transient isotachophoresis, field‐amplified sample injection (FASI), and electrokinetic supercharging (EKS). The method for the separation of PTH and its variants was first developed using fused‐silica capillary with UV detection. An acidic BGE was used to separate 1–84 PTH (full length), 7–84 PTH, and 1–34 PTH. Acetonitrile was added to the BGE to reduce peptide adsorption onto the capillary wall and transient isotachophoresis was used as analyte preconcentration method. The method was then transferred to a sheathless CE‐ESI‐MS instrument. When using a fused silica capillary, CE‐MS was limited to μg/mL levels. The use of a neutral coating combined with FASI or EKS allowed a significant increase in sensitivity. Under these conditions, 1–84 PTH, 7–84 PTH, and 1–34 PTH were detected at concentrations in the low ng/mL (FASI) or pg/mL (EKS) range.     

老年痴呆症患者头发中微量元素含量变化及其临床意义

应用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了30例老年痴呆症患者及34例健康老人发中Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Pb、Cd的含量。结果表明,老年痴呆症组发Zn、Fe、Ca显著低于健康组（P＜0．01）,Pb、Cd显著高于健康组（P＜0．01）,且Cd/Zn比值显著高于健康组,有非常显著的差异（P＜0．001）。结果提示,老年痴呆症的发生可能与Zn、Ca、Pb、Cd等微量元素的含量水平异常有关,Cd/Zn比值升高可能是老年痴呆症发生的危险因素之一。