锁相环频率合成器最优环路带宽的选取

锁相环频率合成器环路带宽值的选取直接影响其输出相位噪声。基于此,本文首先介绍了锁相环的基本组成部分,然后分析了晶振、集成锁相芯片和压控振荡器相位噪声对频率合成器环路输出端的噪声影响,从而导出了最优环路带宽计算公式。并且通过基于PE3236芯片的频率合成器的输出相位噪声测量对最优环路带宽公式正确性进行了验证。结果表明:当根据最优环路带宽公式取值时,锁相环频率合成器的输出相位噪声满足实际应用需求。     

数字锁相环频率合成器的环路分析与设计

分析了数字锁相环中，各环路参数对频率合成器技术指标的影响，介绍了含有微波混频单元的锁相方案，该方案可提高环路参数的一致性，并给出了利用这种方法实现频率合成器的实例。     

选择低相位噪声频率合成器的最佳带宽

从分析频率合成器的相位噪声入手，研究并给出了线性近似条件下，低相位噪声频率合成器的最佳环路带宽的选择方法，并用Ｖｉｓｕａｌ　Ｃ＋＋开发软件进行计算机辅助分析和验证。     

一种采用交错耦合VCO和高速前置分频器的频率合成器

文章提出了一种采用延迟单元交错耦合压控振荡器（VCO）和高速双系数前置分频器的锁相环（PLL）频率合成器设计方法。采用0．25μm的CMOS工艺模型,在Cadence环境下模拟,在相同级数情况下,设计获得的VCD比传统顺序连接的VCO速度快1．4倍;运用动态D触发器实现的双系数前置分频器,最高速度可达2GHz。该锁相环频率合成器在400MHz-1.1GHz的宽频范围内都能保持良好的相位跟踪特性,温度系数为886ppm/℃,电源反射比为3．3％／V。     

一种用于双波段GPS接收机的低功耗宽带CMOS频率合成器

提出了一种用于双波段GPS接收机的宽带CMOS频率合成器. 该GPS接收机芯片已经在标准0.18μm射频CMOS工艺线上流片成功,并通过整体功能测试. 其中压控振荡器可调振荡频率的覆盖范围设计为2~3.6GHz,覆盖了L1,L2波段的两倍频的频率点,并留有足够的裕量以确保在工艺角和温度变化较大时能覆盖所需频率. 芯片测试结果显示,该频率综合器在L1波段正常工作时的功耗仅为5.6mW,此时的带内相位噪声小于-82dBc/Hz,带外相位噪声在距离3.142G载波1M频偏处约为-112dBc/Hz,这些指标很好地满足了GPS接收芯片的性能要求.     

一种用于双波段GPS接收机的低功耗宽带CMOS频率合成器

提出了一种用于双波段GPS接收机的宽带CMOS频率合成器.该GPS接收机芯片已经在标准O.18μm射频CMOS工艺线上流片成功,并通过整体功能测试.其中压控振荡器可调振荡频率的覆盖范围设计为2～3.6GHz,覆盖了L1,L2波段的两倍频的频率点.并留有足够的裕量以确保在工艺角和温度变化较大时能覆盖所需频率.芯片测试结果显示,该频率综合器在L1波段正常工作时的功耗仅为5.6mW,此时的带内相位噪声小于-82dBc/Hz,带外相位噪声在距离3.142G载波1M频偏处约为-112dBc/Hz,这些指标很好地满足了GPS接收芯片的性能要求.     

一种应用于CMMB的双频段低噪声频率合成器

A wide-band frequency synthesizer with low phase noise is presented. The frequency tuning range is from 474 to 858 MHz which is compatible with U-band CMMB application while the S-band frequency is also included. Three VCOs with selectable sub-band are integrated on chip to cover the target frequency range. This PLL is fabricated with 0.35 μ m SiGe BiCMOS technology. The measured result shows that the RMS phase error is less than 1^o and the reference spur is less than –60 dBc. The proposed PLL consumes 20 mA current from a 2.8 V supply. The silicon area occupied without PADs is 1.17 mm².     

一种小型化微波频率合成器

该频率合成器的特点是体积小(112×114×95)、重量轻(1kg)、监测装置齐备、工作稳定可靠、使用方便、造价低,在卫星通信中得到了广泛应用。     

频率合成器的相位噪声分析

频率合成器广泛应用于现代各种电子设备中,甚至被人们喻为众多电子系统的"心脏"。其性能好坏直接影响通信设备的性能,尤其是影响接收机的灵敏度和选择性。对频率合成器相位噪声的概念进行了简单的阐述。从锁相环的分析模型出发,介绍相位噪声的特性,分析了影响相位噪声的各种主要因素,并提出了提高频率合成器相位噪声性能的一些基本方法。通过实例介绍了环路滤波器参数的选择与计算。     

GNSS接收机锁相环最佳环路带宽的选取

锁相环环路带宽值的选取对于锁相环的跟踪误差性能有重要影响。基于全球卫星导航系统(GNSS）接收机中常用锁相环结构与数学模型,首先介绍了锁相环及其重要组成部分环路滤波器的结构和原理,然后分析了环路带宽的取值对锁相环两个最重要的误差源——环路热噪声误差和晶振阿伦偏差的影响,给出了低动态下使锁相环总的跟踪误差最小的最佳环路带宽的理论表达式。对基于由现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）芯片、温补晶振和模/数接口电路构建的实际硬件接收机平台进行了验证,结果表明：当根据最佳环路带宽的理论表达式取环路带宽值时,锁相环的跟踪误差最小。所推得的理论表达式不仅可以应用于GNSS接收机,也适用于一般的载波跟踪环设计。     

A constant loop bandwidth fractional-N frequency synthesizer for GNSS receivers

正A constant loop bandwidth fractional-TV frequency synthesizer for portable civilian global navigation satellite system(GNSS) receivers implemented in a 130 nm 1P6M CMOS process is introduced.Via discrete working regions,the LC-VCO obtains a wide tuning range with a simple structure and small VCO gain.Spur suppression technology is proposed to minimize the phase offset introduced by PFD and charge pumps.The optimized bandwidth is maintained by an auto loop calibration module to adjust the charge pump current when the PLL output frequency changes or the temperature varies.Measurement results show that this synthesizer attains an in-band phase noise lower than -93 dBc at a 10 kHz offset and a spur less than -70 dBc;the bandwidth varies by±3%for all the GNSS signals.The whole synthesizer consumes 4.5 mA current from a 1 V supply,and its area(without the LO tested buffer) is 0.5 mm~2.     

一种应用于GNSS接收机的低噪声和低杂散频率综合器

A low phase noise and low spur phase locked loop （PLL） frequency synthesizer for use in global navigation satellite system （GNSS） receivers is proposed. To get a low spur, the symmetrical structure of the phase frequency detector （PFD） produces four control signals, which can reach the charge pump （CP） simultaneously, and an improved CP is realized to minimize the charge sharing and the charge injection and make the current matched. Additionally, the delay is controllable owing to the programmable PFD, so the dead zone of the CP can be eliminated. The output frequency of the VCO can be adjusted continuously and precisely by using a programmable LC-TANK. The phase noise of the VCO is lowered by using appropriate MOS sizes. The proposed PLL frequency synthesizer is fabricated in a 0.18 μm mixed-signal CMOS process. The measured phase noise at 1 MHz offset from the center frequency is -127.65 dBc/Hz and the reference spur is -73.58 dBc.     

一种应用于GNSS/蜂窝网混合定位接收机的多标准频率合成器

A fully integrated hybrid integer/fractional frequency synthesizer is presented.With a single multiband voltage-controlled-oscillator(VCO),the frequency synthesizer can support GPS,Galileo,Compass and TDSCDMA standards.Design is carefully performed to trade off power,die area and phase noise performance.By reconfiguring between the integer mode and fractional mode,different frequency resolution requirements and a constant loop bandwidth for each standard can be achieved simultaneously.Moreover,a long sequence length,reduced hardware complexity multi-stage-noise-shaping(MASH).-.modulator is employed to reduce fractional spur in the fractional mode.Fabricated in a 0.18 m CMOS technology,the frequency synthesizer occupies an active area of 1.48 mm2 and draws a current of 13.4-16.2 mA from a 1.8 V power supply.The measured phase noise is lower than-80 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset and-113 to-124 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset respectively,while the measured reference spur is-71 dBc in integer mode and the fractional spur is-65 dBc in fractional mode.     

A low power wide-band CMOS PLL frequency synthesizer for portable hybrid GNSS receiver

The design consideration and implementation of a CMOS frequency synthesizer for the portable hybrid global navigation satellite system are presented. The large tuning range is achieved by tuning curve compensation using an improved VCO resonant tank, which reduces the power consumption and obtains better phase noise performance.The circuit is validated by simulations and fabricated in a standard 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS process. Close-loop phase noise measured is lower than -95 dBc at 200 kHz offset while the measured tuning range is 21.5% from 1.47 to 1.83 GHz. The proposed synthesizer including source coupled logic prescaler consumes 6.2 mA current from 1.8 V supply.The whole silicon required is only 0.53 mm~2.     

一种适用于便携式多模式全球卫星导航系统接收机的低功耗宽带频率合成器设计

本文提出了一种适用于便携式多模式全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）接收机的低功耗宽带频率合成器,并分析了GNSS接收机频率合成器的设计要点。该频率合成器通过采用具有调谐曲线补偿功能的单一VCO实现了较宽的频率范围,同时具有较低的功耗和好的相位噪声性能。该频率合成器在CMOS 0.18um 1P6M工艺上流片验证成功。测试表明,带内相位噪声小于-95dBc@200KHz,频率调谐范围为1.47-1.83GHz,而整个电路面积仅为0.55mm2,整个频率合成器功耗小于11.2mw。     

基于MATLAB的锁相环频率合成器教学实践

通信系统性能好坏很大程度上取决于有没有一个良好的同步系统。在“通信原理”课程中提到了基于锁相环的同步系统,但是对这部分内容介绍简单,没有系统的推导以及结论。基于Matlab的锁相环系统,能够得到不同参数下的锁相环的环路滤波器幅频响应和闭环响应,在Simulink工具箱中,设计一个基于锁相环的频率合成器,让学生掌握锁相环相位锁定的原理以及同步系统,为通信原理课程学习提供了支持。     

一种应用于GPS接收机的低功耗CMOS频率合成器

提出了一种应用于GPS/Galileo L1/E1波段接收机的低功耗频率合成器,并成功在0.18 µm CMOS 工艺中实现。通过在锁存器的输出端引入时钟控制管,高速源耦合逻辑预分频器相比传统结构,最高分频频率得到提高。测试结果显示,该频率合成器在1.8V的电源供电情况下消耗电流6 mA,带内相噪小于-87 dBc/Hz(15 KHz频率偏移处),杂散小于-65 dBc,核心电路面积0.6 mm2。     

A low-power CMOS frequency synthesizer for GPS receivers

A low-power frequency synthesizer for GPS/Galileo L1/E1 band receivers implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS process is introduced. By adding clock-controlled transistors at latch outputs to reduce the time constant at sensing time, the working frequency of the high-speed source-coupled logic prescaler supplying quadrature local oscil-lator signals has been increased, compared with traditional prescalers. Measurement results show that this synthesizer achieves an in-band phase noise of-87 dBc/Hz at 15 kHz offset, with spurs less than -65 dBc. The whole synthesizer consumes 6 mA in the case of a 1.8 V supply, and its core area is 0.6 mm2.     

一种集成新型相位切换预分频器和高品质因素压控振荡器5 GHz CMOS频率综合器

本文实现了一种集成新型相位切换预分频器和高品质因素压控振荡器的锁相环频率综合器。该频率综合器在考虑噪声性能的基础上进行系统参数设计。预分频器采用了一种不易受工艺偏差影响的相位切换方式。对压控振荡器的电感开关电容和压控电容的品质因素进行了优化。与其他文献相比,该频率综合器使用相近的功耗取得更好的噪声性能。本文提出的频率综合器采用SMIC0.13微米工艺流片,芯片面积为11502500 μm²。当锁定在5 GHz时,其功耗在1.2V电源电压供电时为15mA。此时,1MHz频偏处相位噪声为-122.45dBc/Hz。