碱性三苯甲烷染料褪色分光光度法测定肝素

研究了肝素对某些碱性三苯甲烷染料发生缔合反应的条件、分光光度特征和分析化学性质。结果表明 :在近中性的Britton Robinson缓冲溶液中 ,肝素钠与这些碱性三苯甲烷染料形成离子缔合物时 ,染料发生明显的褪色。体系吸光度的降低与肝素钠浓度成正比。肝素钠浓度在 0～ 2 .4mg/L(乙基紫、结晶紫体系 )、0～2 .8mg/L(甲基紫体系 )、0～ 4 .0mg/L(甲基绿、孔雀石绿、亮绿体系 )范围内符合比耳定律 ;摩尔吸光系数根据染料的不同在 3.99× 10 5～ 3.93× 10 6L·mol-1·cm-1之间 ,其中以乙基紫体系最为灵敏。以乙基紫体系为例研究了表面活性剂和共存物质的影响 ,表明方法选择性好。用于肝素钠注射液效价的测定 ,结果满意     

硫堇褪色光度法测定微量肝素

在pH 4.10的Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液中,肝素与碱性吩噻嗪染料硫堇形成离子缔合物时,染料发生明显的褪色。体系吸光度的降低与肝素钠浓度成正比,肝素的质量浓度在0~60μg/25 mL范围内符合比耳定律,摩尔吸光系数为3.58×106L.mol-1.cm-1。研究了表面活性剂和共存物质的影响,表明方法选择性好。用于肝素钠注射液效价的测定,相对标准偏差小于3%,回收率为96.5%~101.9%。     

甲基红共振瑞利散射法测定肝素钠

肝素钠（Hep）系葡糖胺聚糖,是蛋白多糖的一种,它具有广泛的生物学功能,是重要的生化药物之一。对不同的疾病,有不同的最适剂量,临床上需进行监控。因此,研究肝素的定量测定方法是非常重要的。肝素的测定最常采用的是生物方法。此外,化学方法有分光光度法、HPLC法,毛细管电泳法,电化学传感器。在国内外利用共振瑞利散射测试肝素钠的也有报道,一般都采用了稀土高价阳离子作增色剂。本文采用的是一种价格便宜的甲基红（methylred）染料作增色剂,结果表明：在近中性的B—R缓冲溶液中,肝素钠与甲基红染料形成离子缔合物后,RRS强度显著增强,并产生了新的RRS光谱;且在一定范围内,RRS强度与肝素钠浓度成正比。在0．060μg/mL～4．00μg/mL范围内呈良好的线形关系,由此对肝素钠注射液进行效价分析,并用此方法测定人体血清中的肝素钠含量,测得人体血清中肝素钠含量为9．18mg／100mL,回收率在90％以上。显然,此法对肝素钠的测定是可靠、灵敏而实用的。     

酸性媒介深黄GG稀土染料的制备、表征及染色性能

制备并提纯了酸性媒介深黄GG稀土(La, Nd, Y)染料, 稀土及元素分析测得其稀土与酸性媒介深黄GG染料物质的量的比为1∶2, 红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱分析表明, 在酸性媒介深黄GG稀土染料的结构中, 稀土离子(La3+, Nd3+, Y3+)与配体染料分子中的羧基、羟基产生配位作用, 并与磺酸基作用;所有样品的羊毛布料染色实验及其各项牢度测试结果表明 酸性媒介深黄GG稀土染料羊毛染色比相应配体酸性媒介深黄GG染料和相应的铬络合染料染色颜色鲜艳, 酸性媒介深黄GG稀土染料的多项羊毛染色牢度比相应的配体酸性媒介深黄GG染料好, 但比相应的铬络合染料差.     

酸性媒介红稀土染料的制备、表征及其羊毛染色性能

制备并提纯了酸性媒介红稀土(La, Nd, Y, Er)染料, 稀土及元素分析测得其稀土与配体酸性媒介红染料物质的量的比为1∶1; 红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱分析表明, 在酸性媒介红稀土染料的结构中, 稀土离子(La3+, Nd3+, Y3+)与配体染料分子中的羧基、羟基产生配位作用, 其中Y3+同时还与偶氮基(-N=N-)作用,在3个稀土染料中稀土离子与染料分子中的磺酸基(-SO3-)也产生作用; 所有样品的羊毛布料染色实验及其各项牢度测试结果表明 酸性媒介红稀土染料羊毛染色比相应配体酸性媒介红染料色光纯正, La, Nd染料染色增深, Y, Er染料染色增艳, 但均比铬金属络合染料颜色鲜艳, 钇染料的各项羊毛染色牢度比配体染料好, 与Cr金属络合染料相当, 具有实用价值.     

二氢吲哚类染料用于染料敏化太阳能电池光敏剂的比较

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)对四种二氢吲哚染料进行研究, 从中筛选出相对优秀的染料敏化太阳能电池光敏剂. 对前线分子轨道的计算表明, 二氢吲哚染料的前线分子轨道结构非常有利于染料激发态向TiO2电极的电子注入. 对真空中的紫外和可见光吸收光谱的计算表明, 二氢吲哚染料的吸收光谱与太阳辐射光谱匹配较好. 对染料分子的能级计算表明, 二氢吲哚染料的能级结构比较适合于I-/I-3作电解液的TiO2纳米晶太阳能电池的光敏剂. 二氢吲哚染料最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO) 能级均比TiO2晶体导带边能级高, 能够保证激发态染料分子高效地向TiO2电极转移电子. 二氢吲哚染料最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)的能级比I-/I-3能级低, 保证了失去电子的染料分子能够顺利地从电解液中得到电子. 与实验数据比较, 得出在提高染料敏化太阳能电池转换效率方面, 对染料的关键要求是LUMO能级的位置. 染料分子的稳定性是染料敏化太阳能电池使用寿命的关键因素. 通过对化学键键长的比较表明, 二氢吲哚染料的分子稳定性基本相同. 对计算结果的分析表明, 二氢吲哚染料1(ID1)的LUMO能级最高, 分子稳定性最好, 在酒精溶液中的吸收光谱与太阳辐射光谱匹配很好, 在同类染料中是较好的染料敏化太阳能电池光敏剂.     

夜蓝褪色分光光度法测定肝素钠

在pH 4.5的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,肝素钠与夜蓝之间强烈的相互作用使夜蓝褪色,据此提出了分光光度法测定肝素钠的方法。对反应体系酸度、夜蓝用量、反应时间等条件做了试验并予以优化,对夜蓝与肝素钠的反应机理进行了初步地探讨。在最大吸收波长618 nm处吸光度的差值(ΔA)与肝素钠的质量浓度在2.0 mg.L-1范围以内呈线性关系。方法用于测定肝素钠注射剂中肝素钠的含量,加标回收率在100.3%～101.0%之间。     

曙红-中性红荧光能量转移抑制法测定肝素

在pH 6.65的Britton-Robinson (B-R)缓冲溶液中, 酸性染料曙红(EY)与碱性染料中性红(NR)之间由于静电吸引而能够发生有效的能量转移, 使得能量受体NR荧光增强, 同时能量给体EY的荧光猝灭. 而肝素的加入对该荧光体系间的能量转移产生了明显的抑制作用, 随肝素量的增加EY荧光依次增强, 由此建立了测定微量肝素的新方法. 结果表明, 肝素在0.1～2.0 mg/L范围内与EY的荧光增强程度呈良好的线性关系. 方法检出限0.071 mg/L, 用于肝素钠注射液中肝素钠效价的测定, 6次平行测定相对标准偏差1.4%～3.6%, 回收率95.2%～105.3%.     

吖啶橙共振散射法测定肝素钠

基于肝素钠对吖啶橙的共振散射增强作用,建立了一种测定肝素钠的新方法。在1.0mol/L HCl介质中,吖啶橙与肝素钠反应形成缔合物,使溶液共振散射(RS)增强,且在323nm波长处产生1个较强散射峰。在0.020~2.0μg/mL范围内,体系共振散射信号与肝素钠浓度之间有较好的线性关系,其检出限为0.185ng/mL。该方法灵敏、稳定、选择性好,可直接用于肝素钠注射液中肝素钠含量的测定,回收率为95.6%~102.9%。     

肝素杂化材料的制备及抗凝血性质的初步研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)中的-NCO基与纳米金属氧化物表面的羟基发生反应,得到改性纳米金属氧化物,并使其与肝素钠(Heparin)进行接枝反应生成肝素杂化材料,结合红外、热重、扫描电镜(SEM)等表征方法,确定纳米金属氧化物确实接枝到了肝素钠的表面。通过对体外凝血时间和复钙时间的测定,来初步研究肝素杂化材料的抗凝血性质。结果表明：肝素杂化材料的抗凝血时间和复钙时间均比肝素钠的要短,表明它的抗凝血性比肝素钠的抗凝血性要弱一些;但比纳米金属氧化物和空白组的抗凝血时间和复钙时间要长,说明肝素杂化材料的抗凝血性与其相比则有明显的提高。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.