Calculations of total ionization cross sections of Ne,Ar, Kr,and Xe atoms in the born approximation allowing for electron perturbations in the continuous spectrum

Electron impact ionization cross sections of Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe atoms are numerically calculated. The electron perturbation in the continuous spectrum in the target field is taken into account. The matrix elements are calculated in many-electron, nonrelativistic approximation with allowance for the superposition of configurations and relaxation effect. The radial part of the electron wave function in the continuum is calculated by solving the single-configuration Hartree-Fock equation. The wave functions of electrons in the continuum are orthogonalized with respect to the core orbital functions. The calculated cross sections are compared to the experimental data and calculations made using the plane-wave Born approximation and that involving generalized oscillator strengths.     

K-shell single-electron capture in collision of fast protons with multi-electron atoms

Single-electron capture from the K shell of atomic targets by impact of protons at moderate and high energies has been studied using a first-order three-body Coulomb-Born continuum distorted wave approximation. The applied formalism satisfies the correct Coulomb boundary conditions. Single-zeta Roothaan-Hartree-Fock wave functions are used to describe the initial electronic bound state of the exchanged electron. Both differential and integral capture cross sections are calculated for impact of protons on carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon and argon atoms. The results are compared with the available measurements and other theories. The agreement between the calculations and experimental data is remarkable.     

Inner-shell ionization of atoms by electron,positron and photon impacts

Plane wave Born approximation with Coulomb, relativistic and exchange corrections is employed to obtain L1-, L2- and L3-subshell ionization cross sections of several atoms due to electron and positron impacts for projectile energy varying from the threshold of ionization to 60 times the threshold energy. Photoionization cross sections for all the three L-subshells of the atoms are also calculated using the hydrogenic approximation for the atomic wave functions. For L3-subshell the present cross sections due to electron impact are in good agreement with a number of experimental data for different atoms over the entire energy range investigated. For L1- and L2-subshells the present calculations yield qualitative agreement with the experimental data. The agreement between the present results and the limited experimental data for positron impact is also satisfactory. The hydrogenic approximation for the L-subshell photoionization is found to be good at small photon energies but it underestimates the cross sections at large photon energies.     

Cross sections of electron capture and electron capture ionization versus the impact parameter in collisions of a proton with multielectron atoms

The absolute differential cross sections of scattering of hydrogen atoms resulting from an electron capture and an electron capture ionization are measured for collisions of 4.5- and 11-keV protons with argon and xenon atoms. The range of scattering angles is 0°–2°. From the scattering differential cross section found experimentally, the probabilities of single-electron capture and electron capture ionization as a function of the impact parameter are calculated. The dependences of the incident particle scattering angle on the impact parameter (deviation function) for interactions with Ar and Xe atoms are calculated in terms of classical mechanics using the Moliére—Yukawa potential to describe the interaction of atomic particles. Analysis is given to the probabilities of electron capture and electron capture ionization versus the impact parameter and to the distribution of the electron density on different electron shells in a target atom versus a distance to the core. It is concluded that only electrons from the outer shell of the target atom are involved in the process of electron capture ionization. The cross section of electron capture ionization is calculated in the proton energy range 5–20 keV.     

Ionization of heavy ions in relativistic collisions with neutral atoms

The problem of ionization of ions in ion-ion and ion-neutral relativistic collisions is considered. Formulas for ionization cross sections are derived in the Born approximation in terms of the momentum transfer without allowance for magnetic interactions. Using these formulas implemented in the LOSS-R code, the ionization cross sections are calculated for the K shells of neutral atoms colliding with protons and also for 1s and 2p electrons of multiply charged heavy ions (nuclear charge Z = 80−90) colliding with bare nuclei and neutral atoms. The calculation results are compared with experimental data and calculations of other authors.     

Calculation of the cross section of helium ionization by an electron impact with the formation of a helium ion in an excited state

The total cross sections of He and He⁺ ionization by an electron impact are calculated in the first Born approximation. Calculations of the matrix elements are carried out by the Fock-Dirac multiconfiguration relativistic method using an intermediate type of coupling with orthogonal functions of the initial and final states. A single-electron wave function of the continuous spectrum for an Auger electron is obtained using the Fock-Dirac single-configuration method. The results of the calculations performed with orthogonal and nonorthogonal wave functions of the initial and final states are compared. The ionization cross sections are calculated for cases in which a knock-on electron of the continuous spectrum is described by both the orthogonal and nonorthogonal wave functions with respect to the wave functions of the core electrons.     

低能质子引起的金LX射线相对产生截面

对于能量为０．５－１ＭｅＶ的入射质子，在计算中采用ＡｕＬ１次壳层荧光产额的实验值代替相应的Ｄｉｒａｃ－Ｈａｒｔｒｅｅ－Ｓｌａｔｅｒ值时，使用ＲＰＷＢＡ－ＢＣ（经结合能和库仑歪曲修正的相对论平面波玻恩近似）电离截面计算得到的金原子ＬＸ射线相对产生截面与测量值相符。以前报道的对ＲＰＷＢＡ－ＢＣ截面的各种修正都是不需要的     

Semiclassical fully differential ionization cross sections of helium with negatively charged fast projectiles

Fully differential cross sections are calculated for the ionization of helium by negatively charged fast projectiles using a semiclassical model developed previously for the ionization of atoms by positive projectiles. The method is tested in the case of 1 keV electron and 500 keV antiproton projectiles. The semiclassical results show reasonable agreement with the experiments and other theories. The origin of the obtained structures has been investigated by a partial wave analysis.     

低能电荷转移截面和高能转移电离研究(英文)

介绍了对于Na+ 离子和Rb(5s ,5p)原子碰撞中态选择单电子俘获微分截面的理论计算,并与实验数据进行比较,实验结果是离子与在磁光学阱中用激光冷却的碱金属靶原子碰撞而测量到的;还对高能量质子引起的He原子的转移电离进行了理论研究,在Shakeoff模型的基础上 ,分析解释了转移电离截面与单电子俘获截面的比值 ,并与最新实验结果作了比较. We report a theoretical study of state-selective differential single-electron capture cross sections between Na + and Rb(5s, 5p) atoms. The experimental data have been obtained with laser cooled target in a magnetic optical trap. We also report a theoretical study of transfer ionization of He by protons at high collision energies and analyze the transfer ionization cross section with respect to single electron capture cross section in terms of a shakeoff model.     

Elastic scattering of a photon by an atom with an open shell

In the nonrelativistic approximation, the absolute values and the forms of the differential cross sections of the anomalous elastic scattering of a linearly polarized x-ray photon by manganese and copper atoms in the energy region of the ionization threshold of the 1s shell are calculated for the wave functions of one-electron states. We take into account the multiparticle effects of relaxation of atomic shells in the field of core vacancies, multiplet splitting, the configuration interaction, and Auger and radiative decays of vacancies, as well as the processes of double excitation/ionization of the ground state of the atom. The calculation results are in good agreement with the synchrotron experiment.     

Multiple ionization processes involving fast charged particles

This review is devoted to certain aspects of the theory of multiple ionization of a quantum target by a fast charged particle. Atoms and molecules, and their ions as well, are considered as targets, while electrons and protons are considered as projectiles. Special attention is paid to the effective charge approximation while constructing continuum wave functions for several charged fragments in the exit channel of the reaction. Theoretical calculations of differential and total cross sections of various multiple ionization processes are presented and, where possible, comparison of the results of these calculations with experimental data is carried out.     

Electron-impact ionization of atomic hydrogen: dynamical variational treatment

A simple and straightforward calculating scheme is proposed for electron-impact single and multiple ionization of atoms. The method is based on the application of the Hulthén-Kohn dynamical variational principle. An effective charge seen by the scattered electron is determined for a certain type of trial wave functions mathematically in a rigorous way excluding any empirical assumptions. Validity of the elaborated approach is assessed by calculating triply differential cross section (TDCS) for electron-impact ionization of hydrogen. It is shown that, inclusion of the effective charge into the calculation reduces height of a “binary peak” in comparison with the first Born approximation result. The height of a “recoil peak” depends on the sign of the effective charge. The calculated TDCS are compared with the available experimental data and with the results of sophisticated theories and agreement is found.     

Electron momentum distribution in multiply-ionized neon atoms

We present momentum-space properties of multiply ionized neon atoms as a function of the degree of ionization of the atom. In particular, we have calculated the Compton profiles of all possible ionized states of neon atoms with electronic configurations 1s^m2sⁿ2p^q, m=1-2, n=0-2, q=0-6. The radial single-electron radial wave functions, obtained from the Hartree-Fock atomic model, were converted into momentum space wave functions by applying appropriate Fourier transformation. The values of the Compton profiles from the present calculation can be used to interpret experimental cross sections of variously ionized neon atoms colliding with other atoms. Compton profiles of neutral neon atoms, available in the literature, are in excellent agreement with the present calculation.     

Interference effects on the photoionization cross sections between two neighbouring atoms: nitrogen as an example

Interference effects on the photoionization cross sections between two neighbouring atoms are considered based on the coherent scattering of the ionized electrons by the two nuclei when their separation is less than or comparable to the de Broglie wave length of the ionized electrons. As an example, the single atomic nitrogen ionization cross section and the total cross sections of two nitrogen atoms with coherently added photoionization amplitudes are calculated from the threshold to about 60~\AA (1~\AA=0.1~nm) of the photon energy. The photoionization cross sections of atomic nitrogen are obtained by using the close-coupling R-matrix method. In the calculation 19 states are included. The ionization energy of the atomic nitrogen and the photoionization cross sections agree well with the experimental results. Based on the R-matrix results of atomic nitrogen, the interference effects between two neighbouring nitrogen atoms are obtained. It is shown that the interference effects are considerable when electrons are ionized just above the threshold, even for the separations between the two atoms are larger than two times of the bond length of N₂ molecules. Therefore, in hot and dense samples, effects caused by the coherent interference between the neighbours are expected to be observable for the total photoionization cross sections.     

Mechanisms of nuclear reactions at interaction of cosmic rays with materials and nanostructures

The mechanism of failures of microelectronic elements, caused by ionization of atoms by recoil nuclei and secondary fragments formed at nuclear interactions of cosmic-ray protons and light ions with substance, has been analyzed. Models of nuclear physics are used to calculate the macroscopic failure cross section.     

共面双对称几何条件下Ne原子(e,2e)反应的三重微分截面

利用标准一阶扭曲波玻恩近似方法(DWBA)计算了共面双对称几何条件下不同能量电子碰撞电离Ne原子的三重微分截面(TDCS),与Nixon和Murray[1]最新的实验测量数据进行比较.当入射电子能量较低时,理论计算结果和实验数据符合较差;而随着入射电子能量的增加,符合程度逐渐改善.     

Theoretical study of the ionization of orbital-polarized p-excited alkali atoms by electron impact. 3D representation of the results

The Born-Coulomb approximation was used to study the electron impact ionization of p-excited Li and Na atoms with a given projection m of the orbital angular momentum on a specified axis. The wave function of the initial state of the atom electron was calculated using the effective charge approximation. The transformation of the initial wave function upon rotation of the coordinate system was considered. An analytical expression for the ionization amplitude was derived. Numerical results for the angular distributions of double differential cross sections of ionization were represented in the form of three-dimensional images.     

共面双对称几何条件下Ne原子(e,2e)反应的三重微分截面

利用标准一阶扭曲波玻恩近似方法（DWBA）计算了共面双对称几何条件下不同能量电子碰撞电离Ne原子的三重微分截面(TDCS),与Nixon和Murray 最新的实验测量数据进行比较.当入射电子能量较低时,理论计算结果和实验数据符合较差;随着入射电子能量的增加,而符合程度逐渐改善.     

Final-state interactions in the reaction H (p, 2p) n

The cross sections for the reaction ²H(p, 2p)n are calculated by taking into account final state interactions including S, P and D waves for all pairs of outgoing nucleons. The D-state wave functions of the deuteron are also included in the calculation. The angular correlation distributions of the cross sections are compared with data at 156 MeV incident protons.     

Electronic relativistic effect on the ratios of deuteron to alpha-particle induced K-shell ionization cross sections

The ratios of the K-shell ionization cross sections induced by deuterons to those induced by α-particles with the same velocities have been calculated in the plane wave Born approximation using relativistic hydrogenic wave functions for the target electrons. The numerical results are compared with the recent experimental valus of Chang et al. The use of relativistic wave functios considerably improves the agreement with the experimental data.