A thin airfoil spline panel method

Summary A fourth-order-accurate panel method based on spline interpolating polynomials for potential flow past a thin airfoil is presented. Numerical results are given for a symmetric airfoil at angle of attack, for which the fourth order accuracy of the method is clearly demonstrated.

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Sommario Si presenta un metodo dei pannelli basato su polinomi interpolatori (di tipo spline per la soluzione di flussi potenziali intorno a profili alari sottili. Si forniscono i risultati numerici per un profilo simmetrico ad angolo d'attacco che dimostrano l'elevata accuratezza numerica del metodo in questione.

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This research was supported by the C.N.R.     

A second order constitutive theory for hyperelastic materials

The second order constitutive equation for a hyperelastic material with arbitrary symmetry is derived. In developing a second order theory, it is necessary to be discriminating in the choice of measures of deformation. Here the derivation is done in terms of the Biot strain, which has a direct physical interpretation in that its eigenvalues are the principal extensions of the deformation. The constitutive equation is specialized for the cases of isotropy and transverse isotropy. The isotropic equation derived here is compared with equations obtained by other authors in terms of the displacement gradient and the Green strain.     

Dynamic shakedown theory allowing for second order geometric effects

Summary Two necessary and sufficient conditions for shakedown in a structure subjected to given histories of external loads and imposed strains, in the presence of significant inertia and damping effects, are established. Structural discretization and piecewise linearization of constitutive laws are adopted. This permits to consider several hardening materials and geometric effects, in the spirit of second order theory. The statements can be regarded as a generalization to a broader context of the classical Bleich-Melan and Koiter shakedown theorems. With respect to previous work, the main novelty is the simultaneous coverage of dynamic and second order effects.

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Sommario Si dimostrano due condizioni necessarie e sufficienti per l'adattamento in campo elastico di strutture soggette ad assegnate storie di carichi e distorsioni, in presenza di non trascurabili forze d'inerzia e di smorzamento. La discretizzazione della struttura e la linearizzazione a tratti del legame costitutivo consentono di considerare una larga classe di materiali incrudenti e gli effetti geometrici, nello spirito della teoria del second'ordine. Gli enunciati costituiscono una generalizzazione dei classici teoremi di Bleich-Melan e Koiter. A differenza di risultati precedenti, gli enunciati sono validi in presenza di concomitanti effetti dinamici e geometrici del second'ordine.

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Research sponsored by the (Italian) National Research Committee (CNR).     

充分发展的QDS方法二阶格式及其应用

介绍了QDS方法Euler求解器的基本思路,并从以下三个方面做了改进：（1）在统计网格宏观量时,考虑了相邻网格内流动量的梯度,发展成了二阶格式,使得在QDS算法中的粒子重构和网格宏观量统计都达到二阶格式,由此为充分发展的二阶格式;（2）在进行网格宏观量统计时,提出将按网格进行宏观量统计修改为按粒子位置更新网格宏观量,减少了对粒子进行遍历的次数,大大提高了计算效率;（3）在改进后的二阶格式中引进了斜率限制器,比较了不同斜率限制器的效果。     

二阶双曲型方程的精细时程积分法

对于二阶双曲型偏微分方程初边值问题，可以用有限差分法进行求解。通常的有限差分法在使用过程中受到精确度和稳定性的限制，本文提出求解二阶双曲型方程的精细时程积分法。由于这种方法是半解析方法，在时间域上可以精确计算，所以这种方法不仅精确度高，而且还绝对稳定。文末的数值算例进一步验证了上述结构，而且对大的时间步长（例如△t=0.5）仍然获得精度很高的数值结果。可见，精细时程积分法是一种很实用的方法。     

Two-grid partition of unity method for second order elliptic problems

A two-grid partition of unity method for second order elliptic problems is proposed and analyzed. The standard two-grid method is a local and parallel method usually leading to a discontinuous solution in the entire computational domain. Partition of unity method is employed to glue all the local solutions together to get the global continuous one, which is optimal in HI-norm. Furthermore, it is shown that the L^2 error can be improved by using the coarse grid correction. Numerical experiments are reported to support the theoretical results.     

A numerical method for clamped thin rectangular plates carrying a uniformly distributed load

A numerical method for clamped thin rectangular plates carrying a uniformly distributed load and the exact solution of the governing equations are given. The solution is presented in a simple form suitable for direct practical use. The method is a very simple and practical approach. The results are compared with those reported in the previous papers Published in Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 126–143, June 2007.     

Laguerre-Gauss collocation method for initial value problems of second order ODEs

This paper proposes a new collocation method for initial value problems of second order ODEs based on the Laguerre-Gauss interpolation. It provides the global numerical solutions and possesses the spectral accuracy. Numerical results demonstrate its high efficiency.     

A high‐order finite difference method for numerical simulations of supersonic turbulent flows

This paper describes a new class of three‐dimensional finite difference schemes for high‐speed turbulent flows in complex geometries based on the high‐order monotonicity‐preserving (MP) method. Simulations conducted for various 1D, 2D, and 3D problems indicate that the new high‐order MP schemes can preserve sharp changes in the flow variables without spurious oscillations and are able to capture the turbulence at the smallest computed scales. Our results also indicate that the MP method has less numerical dissipation and faster grid convergence than the weighted essentially non‐oscillatory method. However, both of these methods are computationally more demanding than the COMP method and are only used for the inviscid fluxes. To reduce the computational cost for reacting flows, the scalar equations are solved by the COMP method, which is shown to yield similar results to those obtained by the MP in supersonic turbulent flows with strong shock waves. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A problem in second order elasticity

When an incompressible half space of elastic material is twisted by a rigid circular punch bonded to its surface, to first order the azimuthal displacement is zero. In this paper, second order theory is used to investigate the deviation of the surface of the half space from the undeformed configuration.Visiting Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., V5A 1S6, Canada for the year 1982/83.     

Wave propagation in elastic laminates using a second order microstructure theory

A generalization of the simpler microstructure theory developed earlier for elastic laminates by Sun, Achenbach and Herrmann is used to analyze steady state plane wave propagation. This new version incorporates higher-order thickness variations in the displacement functions and includes restrictions on both displacement and stress at the laminate interfaces.To assess the potential of a second-order microstructure theory for accurate modeling of mechanical processes in laminates, dispersion results and especially mode shape data for both displacements and stresses are obtained and compared to corresponding solutions obtained by the theory of elasticity. The comparisons indicate that while dispersion results may be nearly identical, extremely significant differences may be observed in the mode shapes.     

The development of an incompressible boundary-layer theory valid to second order

A set of incompressible boundary-layer equations is derived which include second-order curvature effects. These equations are used to analyze flows past spheres and ellipsoids without surface suction or injection to determine the effect of the curvature terms on boundary-layer properties near separation. Finally the suction velocity necessary to maintain a particular value of constant displacement thickness on a sphere is determined. It appears that infinite suction is required as the rear stagnation point of the sphere is approached.     

A function theory for thin elastic shells

It is well known in the theory of elastic shells that a first order approximation using the shell thickness as an expansion parameter leads to the membrane theory of shells. The membrane equations have as solutions thegeneralized analytic functions. These functions have been exhaustively studied by Ilya N. Vekua [6], [7] and his students. R.P. Gilbert and J. Hile [3] introduced an extension of these systems to include elliptic systems of 2n equations in the plane and named the solutions of these systemsgeneralized hyperanalytic functions.It is shown in this paper that the next order approximation to the shell, which permits, moreover, the introduction of bending, may be described in terms of the generalized hyperanalytic functions. It is strongly suspected that the higher order approximations may also be described in terms of corresponding hypercomplex systems.     

A numerical shape finding procedure for very thin shells

The paper introduces a numerical shape-finding procedure for very thin continuous shells (thickness less than 10 cm): an assigned loading distribution is applied on a point-wise suspended membrane, which, after its deformation, is inverted to give the geometry of a reinforced concrete continuous shell. The procedure is an extension to the continuum case of previous ones introduced for gridshells. In the past it has been employed in an empirical way by several designers.The geometrically non-linear analysis of the membrane is carried out taking account of large displacements and finite rotations. Finally, the structural analysis of the shell, including stability aspects, is performed, for example, to check and control the membranal behaviour of the structure.

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Sommario Si introduce un metodo per la ricerca della forma di gusci sottili: un'assegnata distribuzione di carico è applicata a una membrana appesa per punti, che, dopo la sua deformazione, viene invertita per fornire la geometria di un guscio continuo in conglomerato cementizio armato. Il metodo è un' estensione al caso continuo di metodi precedenti introdotti per i gusci discreti. Nel passato è stato usato in modo empirico da molti progettisti.L'analisi geometricamente nonlineare della membrana viene eseguita in grandi spostamenti tenendo conto delle rotazioni finite. Infine viene eseguita l'analisi strutturale del guscio, considerando anche gli aspetti di stabilità, per verificare e controllare il comportamento membranale della struttura, che è confermato.

     

A discrete-vortex model for the arbitrary motion of a thin airfoil with fluidic control

A low-order model for the arbitrary motion of a thin airfoil with trailing edge fluidic control is derived from basic fluid mechanics principles. The model consist of solving a single ordinary differential equation with a special treatment of a vortex shedding criteria. The model is compared with experimental and high-order numerical simulations and the results give a reasonable means of predicting the lift and moment on a thin airfoil. Furthermore, the model is extended to account for the actuation and control due to the synthetic jet actuation near the trailing edge. The model response is compared to experimental results.     

薄板弯曲分析的节点积分高阶无网格法

采用高阶无网格法求解薄板弯曲问题,在已发展的线性曲率光顺方案的基础上,通过引入泰勒展开技术,建立了能够精确再现纯弯曲和线性弯曲模式的节点积分方法。与之相比,目前无网格薄板分析主要采用的节点积分方法仅能精确再现纯弯曲模式。数值结果表明,本文方法可精确通过纯弯曲和线性弯曲试验,且能得到光滑、无振荡的弯矩场。与标准的高斯积分方法和目前已存在的节点积分方法相比,本文方法在计算精度、效率以及弯矩分布等方面均展现出显著优势。     

解Drucker-Prager塑性问题的二阶锥互补法

基于经典弹塑性理论中多数屈服准则具有凸锥数学结构的事实,将在大规模计算中更具潜力的锥规划法引入弹塑性分析。考虑到弹塑性流动理论有关联与非关联之分,本文提出利用锥型互补法求解弹塑性问题。具体以Drucker-Prager弹塑性模型为例,首先利用最大塑性功耗散原理和圆锥对偶理论等工具,建立了弹塑性本构方程的等价二阶锥互补模型;然后,基于参变量变分原理和有限元技术,建立了弹塑性增量分析的二阶锥线性互补模型;最后,利用一类半光滑Newton算法求解。数值算例表明了本文方法的有效性。     

Integral equations in two-dimensional airfoil theory

A system of integral equations is obtained for the tangential components of the velocities on the upper and lower surfaces of a profile which does not have a parametric singularity connected with the thickness of the airfoil. An example of the solution of these equations by the discrete vortex method is given. This shows that they are highly effective for solving problems of flow over an airfoil of any, including arbitrarily small, thickness.Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No.4, pp. 173–177, July–August, 1992.     

A higher order numerical scheme for generalized fractional diffusion equations

In this article, we develop a higher order approximation for the generalized fractional derivative that includes a scale function z(t) and a weight function w(t). This is then used to solve a generalized fractional diffusion problem numerically. The stability and convergence analysis of the numerical scheme are conducted by the energy method. It is proven that the temporal convergence order is 3 and this is the best result to date. Finally, we present four examples to confirm the theoretical results.