各向异性介质中SH波引起的圆孔附近的动应力集中

本文利用复变函数方法求解无限的各向异性介质中入射的SH波对圆形孔洞的散射问题,指出动应力集中系数与入射波波数K_σ和圆孔半径r有关,最后给出了圆孔附近动应力集中系数的数值结果。     

The scattered energy around a circular hole by SH wave in anisotropic media

A new approach based on complex function for solving the SH-wave scattering problem around a circular hole in an anisotropic media is desribed in this paper. It is found that the scattered energy depends on the incident wave number and the hole radius. Finally, some numerical results of scattered energy of a circular hole in an anisotropic media are given.The project has been supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Stress Concentration in an Orthotropic Plate with a Circular Hole under Dynamic Loading

The paper sets forth a photoelastic method for the determination of the dynamic stress concentration factor near a hole in an orthotropic plate. The stress distribution at the periphery of a circular hole is analyzed. The stress concentration factors for orthotropic and isotropic plates under dynamic and statical loading are compared     

弯曲波在含非圆孔洞无限压电薄板中的散射

基于线性压电动力学理论,采用波函数展开法、保角映射以及复变函数,对含非圆孔洞无限大压电薄板弹性波的散射及动应力集中问题进行了分析,给出了其动弯矩集中系数(DMCF)的解析表达式.为说明问题,以PZT-4为例,讨论了外加电场、椭圆孔长短半轴比、椭圆孔倾角以及入射波频率对含圆孔和椭圆孔无限大压电薄板弹性波散射的影响,并分别...     

含孔正交各向异性复合材料板的动应力集中

运用一种改进的非结构化四边形格子法,对含孔正交各向异性板条受面内冲击拉伸时弹性应力波的传播过程和孔边的动应力集中进行了研究．非结构化格子法采用与有限元类似的网格剖分方法,并基于围绕每个节点的积分平衡方程,并自然满足复杂边界的自由边界条件．计算中不需存储刚度矩阵,因而计算速度快、效率高、节省内存,在解决应力波传播问题中具有显著的优越性．通过对多种工况进行数值模拟,分析了材料的各向异性性质、纤维方向、孔径比、加载脉冲周期等参数对孔边动应力的影响,得到了一些规律性的结果．并与现有实验结果进行对比,验证了该方法的有效性．     

Surface tension-induced stress concentration around an elliptical hole in an anisotropic half-plane

We examine the surface tension-induced stress concentration around an elliptical hole inside an anisotropic half-plane with traction-free surface. Using conformal mapping techniques, the corresponding complex potential in the half-plane is expressed in a series whose unknown coefficients are determined numerically. Our results indicate that the maximum hoop stress around the hole (which appears in the vicinity of the point of maximum curvature) increases rapidly with decreasing distance between the hole and the free surface. In particular, for an elliptical or even circular hole in an anisotropic half-plane we find that, with decreasing distance between the hole and the free surface, the hoop stress can switch from compressive to tensile at certain points on the hole's boundary and from tensile to compressive at others. This phenomenon is absent in the case of an elliptical or even circular hole in the corresponding case of an isotropic half-plane.     

半空间双相压电介质垂直边界附近圆孔对SH波的散射

利用“Green函数法”和“镜像法”对垂直边界附近含圆孔的半空间双相压电介质对SH波的散射问题进行分析,得到其稳态解。利用镜像法得到满足水平边界应力自由与电位移自由的波函数解析表达式。根据垂直边界连续性条件,利用“契合法”建立第一类Fredholm型积分方程组,得到圆孔周边的动应力集中系数与电场强度集中系数解析表达式。数值算例分析了入射波频率、入射角度、介质参数等对动应力集中系数与电场强度集中系数的影响,并与已有文献进行比较。计算表明,高频SH波垂直入射危害较大。     

DUAL RECIPROCITY BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR FLEXURAL WAVES IN THIN PLATE WITH CUTOUT

The theoretical analysis and numerical calculation of scattering of elastic waves and dynamic stress concentrations in the thin plate with the cutout was studied using dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRM). Based on the work equivalent law, the dual reciprocity boundary integral equations for flexural waves in the thin plate were established using static fundamental solution. As illustration, numerical results for the dynamic stress concentration factors in the thin plate with a circular hole are given. The results obtained demonstrate good agreement with other reported results and show high accuracy.     

含孔边非均匀材料圆环的无限大薄板的应力集中系数

对于含圆孔及孔边非均匀材料圆环的无限大薄板，假设非均匀材料的弹性模量沿径向按照指数函数变化，而泊松比为常数，分别导出了双轴拉伸和纯剪切作用时孔边及界面处的应力集中系数的解析解．通过数值算例详细分析了非均匀材料圆环的弹性模量的变化对无限大薄板的孔边及界面处的应力集中系数的影响．研究结果表明，合理选择孔边非均匀材料圆环的材料性能变化参数可有效地缓解薄板的孔边应力集中程度．本文的研究结果可为含圆孔的薄板的设计提供一定的参考．     

爆炸应力波作用下裂纹与孔洞的动态焦散线分析

将高速摄影技术与动态焦散线方法相结合，研究了爆炸应力波对裂纹、空孔的作用历史，记录了环绕它们的动态焦散斑图，给出了爆炸应力场中裂纹尖端复合应力强度因子的时间依赖关系以及空孔周围应力场分布的瞬态变化过程，为固体介质的爆破机理研究提供了新方法。     

Stress Concentration Factor in Functionally Graded Plates with Circular Holes Subjected to Anti-plane Shear Loading

Stress concentration factors due to the presence of geometrical discontinuities (circular holes) in functionally graded plates are derived. The material property inhomogeneity is assumed to be in the radial direction originating at the center of the plate. Variable separable closed-form solutions are obtained for the stresses and displacements in functionally graded plates (without and with holes) subjected to anti-plane shear loading. The stresses in functionally graded plates without a hole are not homogeneous as it is in the case of homogeneous plates. Either a stress concentration (more than the applied stress) or dilution (less than the applied stress) occurs depending on whether the modulus increases (hardening graded material) or decreases (softening graded material) away from the center of the graded plate without a hole. A novel definition of the stress concentration factor due to the geometrical discontinuity in functionally graded plates is derived. The effect of the circular hole in functionally graded plates is to magnify (compared to homogeneous plates) the stress concentration when the modulus decreases away from the center of the hole (softening material). Beneficial reduction of the stress concentration factor is achieved in hardening functionally graded materials.     

SH波作用下地表软覆盖层中圆形夹杂的动应力分析

利用复变函数法和波函数展开法, 对地表软覆盖层中浅埋圆形夹杂在稳态SH波作用下的动应力集中问题进行研究并给出了解析解。根据SH波散射时的衰减特性, 采用了大圆弧假定的方法, 将半空间覆盖层直线边界问题转化为曲面边界问题。通过算例分析了SH波垂直入射时, 不同入射波波数和圆夹杂与半空间的波数比对圆形夹杂周边动应力集中因子的分布和动应力集中因子最大值变化的影响。算例表明, 圆形夹杂越“软”, 其波数越大, 夹杂周边的动应力集中因子越大; 入射波波数约0.35时, 夹杂周边的最大动应力集中因子达到最大值。     

孔边裂纹对SH波的散射及其动应力强度因子

采用Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数法研究任意有限长度的孔边裂纹对ＳＨ波的散射和裂纹尖端场动应力强度因子的求解．取含有半圆形缺口的弹性半空间水平表面上任意一点承受时间谐和的出平面线源荷载作用时位移函数的基本解作为Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数,采用裂纹“切割”方法并根据连接条件建立起问题的定解积分方程,得到动应力强度因子的封闭解答．最后给出了孔边裂纹动应力强度因子的算例和结果,并讨论了圆孔的存在对动应力强度因子的影响     

含圆孔缺陷三点弯曲梁动态焦散实验

应用新型数字激光动态焦散线实验系统,采用含预制裂纹的有机玻璃板试件进行落锤冲击实验,研究了含圆孔缺陷三点弯曲梁的动态断裂行为。通过实验得到了含圆孔缺陷三点弯曲梁裂纹尖端动态应力强度因子的变化情况、裂纹扩展速度的变化情况以及裂纹贯穿空孔的扩展情况等。实验结果表明:三点弯曲梁中的空孔位置对裂纹的扩展轨迹具有明显的导向作用;空孔位置的改变会影响三点弯曲梁的断裂时间;空孔位置的变化对空孔下方裂纹的扩展时间、扩展轨迹影响较小;在空孔位置居中的情况下,空孔上方裂纹的最大扩展速度大于空孔位置偏移时的情况。     

冲击载荷作用下圆孔缺陷对裂纹动态扩展行为的影响规律

空腔和裂纹缺陷通常共存于深部地下岩体中,它们共同影响着岩体的结构安全性与稳定性。为了探究动力扰动载荷下圆形空腔对裂隙岩体内裂纹扩展行为的影响规律,提出了不同圆孔倾角的直裂纹空腔圆弧开口试件（circular opening specimen with straight crack cavity, COSSCC）,利用自制大型落锤冲击实验装置进行动态加载实验,同时采用裂纹扩展计系统测试了裂纹的动态起裂时刻与裂纹扩展速度等各种断裂力学参数,随后采用有限差分软件Autodyn进行裂纹扩展路径与圆孔周围应力场的数值分析,并采用有限元软件Abaqus计算裂纹的动态起裂韧度与裂纹扩展过程中的动态扩展韧度。结果表明:（1）当圆孔倾角θ小于10°时,裂纹扩展路径会偏折并穿过圆孔表面;当圆孔倾角θ为20°与30°时,裂纹扩展路径向圆孔方向发生偏折但不会穿过圆孔,圆孔具有明显的裂纹扩展引导作用; 当圆孔倾角θ为40°与50°时,裂纹扩展路径不会发生偏折,圆孔引导作用明显减弱。（2）当裂纹扩展路径达到圆孔空腔附近时,裂纹尖端的拉伸应力区与圆孔边缘的拉伸应力区发生重合,此时裂纹扩展速度显著增大,裂纹动态断裂韧度显著减小。（3）裂纹的偏折方向与裂纹尖端最大周向应力的方向基本一致。（4）裂纹动态断裂韧度始终小于裂纹起裂韧度,且裂纹动态断裂韧度与裂纹动态扩展速度呈负相关关系。裂纹动态扩展速度越大,裂纹动态断裂韧度越小。     

Stress and failure analysis of a glass-epoxy composite plate with a circular hole

Experimental and finite-element analyses are presented for the anisotropic states of stress, strain and fracture of a glass-epoxy plate containing a circular hole and subjected to uniaxial tension. Strains were experimentally measured using foil gages, moiré and birefringent coating. Stresses are computed in the linear range from the measured strains. While the hole reduces the plate strength by a factor of two, the maximum tensile strain at fracture is greater than the ultimate strain in a plate without a hole. Fracture consists of crack initiation at the hole boundary but off the horizontal axis. Away from the hole, failure is accompanied by considerable delamination. Discontinuous crack propagation is present.     

高炉炉壳开孔位置对应力集中的影响

考虑到冶金行业中高炉炉壳开孔的实际情况，本文应用有限元分析的方法研究受远场均匀拉伸载荷，二维有限区域内菱形分布的圆孔中间不同开孔位置下的应力分布，得到最大应力集中系数随孔位置变化的三维变化曲面。此外，孔沿座标轴及沿原孔边缘位置变化对应力集中系数的影响被详细研究，从而为合理设计炉壳开孔提供了理论依据。     

Application of Discrete Element Method for Continuum Dynamic Problems

A new method based on the principle of minimum potential energy is presented, aiming to overcome some weakness of the present discrete element method (DEM). Our primary research is to put forward the DEM with a tight theory base and a fit technique for treating continuum dynamic problems. By using this method, we can not only extend the existing seven-disc model, but also establish a new nine-disc model in a general way. Moreover, the equivalences of two kinds of models have been verified. In addition, three numerical examples of stress wave propagation problems are given in order to validate accuracy and efficiency of the present DEM models and their algorithms. Finally, the dynamic stress concentration problem of a square plate with a circular hole is analyzed.This work was supported by Nation Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 10232040 and 10572002).     

冲击载荷下含空孔三点弯曲梁的动态断裂行为

为得到圆孔缺陷对运动裂纹扩展过程的影响规律,采用动态焦散线实验方法进行模型实验,研究了冲击载荷下含空孔三点弯曲梁的动态断裂行为。研究结果表明:空孔对裂纹扩展有极大的阻碍作用,在一定范围内,空孔直径越大,阻碍作用越明显。裂纹扩展到空孔附近时,扩展速度会下降。裂纹在空孔上部再次起裂后,最大扩展速度远远大于裂纹与空孔贯通前的最大扩展速度。裂纹扩展至空孔附近时,裂纹尖端动态应力强度因子KdⅠ和KdⅡ均会下降。裂纹在空孔上部再次起裂后,裂尖的应力强度因子KdⅠ和KdⅡ均大于裂纹与空孔贯通前裂尖的KdⅠ和KdⅡ。在整个扩展过程中,裂纹尖端的动态应力强度因子KdⅡ远小于KdⅠ,说明KdⅠ在裂纹扩展过程中起主要作用。     

The effect of transverse shear deformation on stress concentration factors for shallow shells with a small circular hole

Simplified equations are derived for the analysis of stress concentration for shear-deformable shallow shells with a small hole.General solutions of the equations are obtained,in terms of series,for shallow spherical shells and shallow circular cylindrical shells with asmall circular hole.Approximate explicit solutions and numerical results are obtianed forthe stress concentration factors of shallow circular cylindrical shells with a small hole onwhich uniform pressure is acting.