从混合间对甲酚制备杀螟硫磷

O,O-二甲基-O-(3-甲基-4-硝基苯基)硫代磷酸酯商品名杀螟硫磷(Sumithion),它低毒高效,杀虫谱广,毒性只有甲基1605的1/50。     

硫代磷酸二乙酯类农药半抗原设计及抗体识别特性

通过分析硫代磷酸二乙酯类农药的结构特点, 设计并合成了系列半抗原; 采用活泼酯法将半抗原分别与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联制备了系列免疫原和包被原; 通过免疫新西兰大白兔获得了相应抗硫代磷酸二乙酯类农药的类特异性抗体. 建立检测硫代磷酸二乙酯类农药的间接竞争酶联免疫分析(ELISA)方法, 分析探讨了免疫半抗原结构对抗体特性的影响, 并阐述了包被半抗原结构对ELISA灵敏度的影响规律. 结果表明, 手臂取代位置在苯环对位且手臂较短的免疫原具有较好的免疫效果, 同时异源包被可以显著提高ELISA方法的灵敏度. 由抗体PAb-H1和包被原H6-OVA建立的间接竞争ELISA方法可以同时检测7个广泛使用的有机磷农药, 其半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为蝇毒磷(0.013 mg/L)、对硫磷(0.348 mg/L)、喹硫磷(0.022 mg/L)、三唑磷(0.035 mg/L)、甲拌磷(0.751 mg/L)、除线磷(0.850 mg/L)及辛硫磷(1.301 mg/L), 最低检测限符合国内外相关有机磷药物最大允许残留限量标准(MRLS)的检测要求.     

噬菌体展示技术制备甲氧基有机磷农药抗独特型抗体

抗独特性抗体可用于建立针对农药等小分子物质的非竞争免疫检测模式.本研究将甲氧基有机磷农药通用半抗原(S-羧甲基-O,O-二甲基二硫代磷酸酯,CMP)连接至琼脂糖凝胶,进而对甲氧基有机磷农药广谱特异性抗体进行纯化;以纯化抗体为固相抗原,以人源scFv抗体库(Tomlinson I+J)为抗体源,进行抗独特型抗体的筛选;利...     

新型含咪唑啉2,4-二酮的(硫代)磷酸酯类化合物的合成和生物活性测定

以对羟基苯基和对羟基苄基咪唑啉2,4-二酮羧酸酯类化合物为二次先导结构,根据Hydantocidin在植物体内的作用形式是Hydantocidin 5’-Phosphate的特点,将3种对羟基苯(苄基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮中间体与(硫代)磷酰氯反应合成得到了38个结构新颖的含有2,4-咪唑啉二酮的(硫代)磷酸酯类化合物,其结构通过IR,1H NMR,31P NMR和元素分析表征.初步生物测定结果表明O-乙基-O-苯基-5-(4-羟基苯基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮硫代磷酸酯(B14)和O,O-二苯基-5-(4-羟基苄基)-2-硫代-4-咪唑啉二酮硫代磷酸酯(B25)在100μg/mL浓度下对油菜的抑制率为53.1%和62.7%,化合物O,O-二(邻甲氧基苯基)-5-(4-羟基苯基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮硫代磷酸酯(B7),B14和O,O-二(对甲基苯基)-5-(4-羟基苄基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮硫代磷酸酯(B17)对蚜虫表现了一定的杀虫活性,在300μg/mL浓度下24 h的校正死亡率分别为52%,51%和69%.     

用乙酰胆碱酯酶和硫代黄素T体系的荧光猝灭测定有机磷农药

在pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,硫代黄素T与乙酰胆碱酯酶相互作用,酶的内源荧光被硫代黄素T猝灭,而在490nm处产生硫代黄素T的特征荧光发射峰.在该体系中加入有机磷农药对氧磷后,硫代黄素T的特征荧光峰被猝灭,荧光猝灭强度△F与对氧磷浓度C px存在线性关系,其线性浓度范围为O.20～2.40mg/L,回归方程为△F=0.041C px(μg/L) 84.17,相关系数为0.9984,检出限(3σ)为7.87μg/L.对检测原理的探讨表明,硫代黄素T使乙酰胆碱酯酶内源荧光静态猝灭,二者形成了超分子复合物,产生了特征荧光峰;但是,有机磷农药对氧磷可破坏此复合物,因而硫代黄素T的特征荧光峰被猝灭.相比利用酶的抑制原理来检测农药残留的方法,该方法具有简便、快速、不需要消耗酶的底物的优点.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中的14种杀虫剂残留北大核心CSCD

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定蜂蜜中的14种杀虫剂残留,并对自制的毒死蜱-D_(10)同位素内标的适用性进行筛选。样品经乙腈提取,氨基净化柱净化后,以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱为分析柱,甲醇-2mmol·L^(-1)甲酸铵溶液混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱中选择电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式。经验证毒死蜱、噻螨酮、炔螨特、蝇毒磷、倍硫磷、伏杀硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷、甲基毒死蜱可用毒死蜱-D_(10)作为内标进行定量,吡螨胺、哒螨灵、螺螨酯、乙螨唑、唑螨酯、杀螟硫磷则用基质匹配法定量。14种杀虫剂的线性范围为1.0~200μg·L^(-1),检出限(3S/N)为0.01~0.20μg·kg^(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为0.03~0.50μg·kg^(-1)。加标回收率在81.9%~129%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)不大于11%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中的14种杀虫剂残留

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定蜂蜜中的14种杀虫剂残留,并对自制的毒死蜱-D_(10)同位素内标的适用性进行筛选。样品经乙腈提取,氨基净化柱净化后,以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱为分析柱,甲醇-2mmol·L~(-1)甲酸铵溶液混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱中选择电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式。经验证毒死蜱、噻螨酮、炔螨特、蝇毒磷、倍硫磷、伏杀硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷、甲基毒死蜱可用毒死蜱-D_(10)作为内标进行定量,吡螨胺、哒螨灵、螺螨酯、乙螨唑、唑螨酯、杀螟硫磷则用基质匹配法定量。14种杀虫剂的线性范围为1.0~200μg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)为0.01~0.20μg·kg~(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为0.03~0.50μg·kg~(-1)。加标回收率在81.9%~129%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)不大于11%。     

氟甲喹单克隆抗体制备、鉴定及间接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析法

以氟甲喹(FLU)为原料,合成4个碳原子手臂的半抗原(FLUABA),采用活泼酯法与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联制备免疫抗原,通过免疫Balb/c小鼠及细胞融合,获得1株稳定分泌抗氟甲喹单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株DB6-E7,其抗体亚类为IgG1,亲和力常数(KA)为8.19×108L/mol。将氟甲喹、FLUABA及6个碳原子手臂的半抗原FLUACA分别与卵清白蛋白(OVA)偶联作为包被抗原,研究异源包被对间接竞争ELISA灵敏度的影响。结果表明,异源包被可显著提高ELISA方法的灵敏度。基于最佳异源包被(FLU-OVA)的酶联免疫吸附分析法的IC50为26.33μg/L,检出限为4μg/L,定量检测范围为8.0～114μg/L(IC20～IC80)。与喹诺酮类药物及结构类似物几乎不存在交叉反应,特异性高。此方法可满足畜禽产品中氟甲喹残留的快速筛查。     

有机磷化合物的研究(Ⅳ)——S-烷基S-(N-取代氨基羰甲基)乙基三硫代磷酸酯的合成

应用乙基二硫化磷可制取O-烷基乙基二硫代膦酸酯^[1];从而可以进行此类杀虫剂的合成^[2].G.Schrader先后合成S,S-(3,4二氯苯基)三硫代乙基膦酸酯及S-乙基S-乙硫乙基三硫代甲基膦酸酯,生物试验证明它们是很好的杀虫剂,且对温血动物毒性低^[3].我们对乙基三硫代膦酸酯的制备进行了一些试验,最后以乙基三硫代膦酸铵和N-取代α-氯代乙酰胺反应,制取S-烷基S-(N-取代氨基羰甲基)乙基三硫代膦酸酯.     

对硫磷化学发光酶联免疫吸附分析方法的建立和评价

建立了基于多克隆抗体的对硫磷间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫吸附分析方法(icCLEIA)。以三氯硫磷为原料,经三步取代反应合成对硫磷半抗原,通过活泼酯法将半抗原分别与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,制备免疫抗原和包被抗原。经免疫新西兰大白兔,获得对硫磷抗血清。通过优化条件参数,建立了对硫磷的icCLEIA分析方法。本方法的检测线性范围为0.24～15.83!g/L;半抑制浓度IC50为1.14!g/L;检出限为0.09!g/L;对蔬菜样品和水样品的平均添加回收率为74.6%～121.0%。本方法可用于实际样品中痕量对硫磷残留检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.