聚氨酯/环氧树脂IPN复合抛光材料的制备及性能研究

本研究采用聚氨酯与环氧树脂(PU/EP)作为胶黏剂形成互穿网络(IPN),以无机磨料和稀土抛光剂为分散相,通过一定的成型工艺制备成复合抛光材料。通过固化前后的红外光谱,分析了PU、EP两者之间的反应;热重分析表明PU/EP IPN复合抛光材料的耐热性能比纯的PU和EP有显著提高;体视显微镜照片显示该复合抛光材料具有微孔结构;力学及应用性能研究显示当胶黏剂含量为25%时性能最佳;且在PU/EP=2时,抛光后的玻璃透光率保持原有的97%,且耐磨性得到大幅度提高。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚丙烯酸乙酯互穿网络体系相逆转、相态结构与性能的研究

 本文研究了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚丙烯酸乙酯互穿网络体系(PMMA/PEALIPN)相分离和组分配比对其相逆转、相态结构及动态力学性能的影响.同时,对LIPN与其相应的混合乳液体系的结构和阻尼特性进行比较.结果表明,LIPN体系由于存在网络的相互贯穿,与混合体系相比其相分离程度低,出现精细结构,密度较高.当丙烯酸乙酯(EA)含量低时,PEA呈细胞结构分散在PMMA连续相中,随EA量的增加,体系出现相逆转并在EA体积含量为48％至86％范围内呈两相连续,各种性能发生突变和具有高阻尼特性.实数模量的实验点服从用Halpin-Tsai-Nielsen模量上、下限方程和描述两相连续的对数混合律三个方程结合计算的理论曲线.     

阳离子型自乳化端羟基硅油/聚氨酯微乳液的形态及流变性能

在催化剂和少量助溶剂的作用下,以端羟基硅油(HPMS)/聚(四亚甲基醚)二醇(PTMG)为软段,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为硬段单体,以三羟甲基丙烷TMP为交联剂、N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)为扩链剂合成了一系列自乳化双软段HPMS/PU微乳液.分析了HPMS用量对HPMS/PU微乳液粒径及微观形态的影响;研究了HPMS/PU中HPMS含量、MDEA用量、TMP用量、预聚体分子量对其流变性能的影响.研究结果表明,HPMS的加入使乳液粒径增加,HPMS/PU乳液为非牛顿流体,且具有一定的假塑性和触变性,表观粘度随切变速率的变化规律呈现一定的切力变稀特征,流动指数范围为0.885~0.531之间;其零剪切粘度值为13.59~25.08mPa.s,随HPMS用量、MDEA用量、预聚体相对分子质量、TMP用量而异.     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚丙烯酸乙酯互穿网络体系相逆转、相态结构与性能的研究

本文研究了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚丙烯酸乙酯互穿网络体系(PMMA/PEALIPN)相分离和组分配比对其相逆转、相态结构及动态力学性能的影响.同时,对LIPN与其相应的混合乳液体系的结构和阻尼特性进行比较.结果表明,LIPN体系由于存在网络的相互贯穿,与混合体系相比其相分离程度低,出现精细结构,密度较高.当丙烯酸乙酯(EA)含量低时,PEA呈细胞结构分散在PMMA连续相中,随EA量的增加,体系出现相逆转并在EA体积含量为48％至86％范围内呈两相连续,各种性能发生突变和具有高阻尼特性.实数模量的实验点服从用Halpin-Tsai-Nielsen模量上、下限方程和描述两相连续的对数混合律三个方程结合计算的理论曲线.     

丁苯、丁腈基聚氨酯的形态与性能

用示差扫描量热法 (DSC)、红外分光光度计 (FTIR)和原子力显微镜 (AFM)研究了端羟基聚丁二烯 苯乙烯共聚物 (HTBS)、端羟基聚丁二烯 丙烯腈共聚物 (HTBN)和端羟基聚丁二烯 (HTPB)与甲苯二异氰酸酯、1 ,4 丁二醇构成的溶液法聚二烯烃基聚氨酯 (PU)的形态结构 .结果表明HTPB和HTBS基PU的相分离程度很大 ,而HTBN基PU的相分离程度小 .这可能归因于HTBS软段的极性低 ,不能与硬段形成氢键 ,而HTBN软段中的腈基具有很强的极性 ,且可以与硬段形成氢键作用 ,增加了软硬段间的相容性 ,相分离程度明显降低 .AFM表明HTBN PU随着硬段含量提高 ,表面粗糙度增大 ,由软段为连续相逐渐过渡到双连续结构 .在硬段含量 6 3%时 ,HTBN和HTPB基PU均呈双连续结构 ,而HTBS PU中硬段为连续相 .HTBN PU软段的相区尺寸在1 2nm左右 ,表面粗糙度较大 ,HPBS PU软段的相区尺寸在 1 1nm左右 ,表面粗糙度最小 ,HTPB PU存在 1 4nm和 5 0nm大小不等的软段相区尺寸 .力学性能表明 ,在软段中引入苯乙烯和丙烯腈结构 ,可使聚氨酯抗张强度分别提高 1 5和 2倍 ,模量和断裂伸长率也明显提高     

嵌段聚酯型聚脲氨酯弹性体的动态力学性能

聚氨酯(PU)的微区结构和宏观力学性能之间的关系是PU的一个重要课题。本文用动态力学方法对基于4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI),乙二胺(ED)和聚已二酸丁二醇酯(PBA)的嵌段聚酯型聚脲氨酯(PUU)弹性体进行了研究,探讨了不同软段分子量和硬段     

胶乳型互穿聚合物网络研究 Ⅰ.环氧树脂／聚丙烯酸酯半LIPN的制备

采用复合乳液聚合技术,合成了环氧树脂/聚(丙烯酸丁酯—苯乙烯—甲基丙烯酸甲酯)[EP/P(BA—St—MMA)]半胶乳型互穿聚合物网络(semi—LIPN),并探讨了反应温度、乳化剂用量、引发剂用量、不同单体配比、体系 pH 值、搅拌速度、EP 含量、交联剂种类及用量对聚合反应转化率及聚合稳定性的影响。     

用三氟化硼引发体系制备聚丁二醇

分子量在3000以下特别是1000或2000的聚丁二醇(PTMG)是制备嵌段聚醚聚氨酯及嵌段聚醚聚醋弹性体的重要软段原料。用三氟化硼(BF_3)体系引发制备PTMG巳有报道,但尚难在工业上采用,主要是引发效率低。前已报道,BF_3-环氧氯丙烷(ECH)体系的引发效率比BF_3-环氧乙烷(EO)体系高2.5～6倍,比BF_3-环氧丙烷(PO)体系高2～3倍。本文用BF_3-ECH为引发体系,并用水为分子量调节剂制备分子量1000或2000的PTMG,测     

α,ω-3-二(3-氨基丙基)-聚三氟丙基甲基硅氧烷及其改性聚氨酯脲的合成与表征及体外氧化稳定性研究

通过一步反应,直接合成了α,ω-3-二(3-氨基丙基)-聚三氟丙基甲基硅氧烷,并进行了表征,然后将其与聚四氢呋喃二醇(PTMG)作为混合软段,合成了不同FPS含量改性的聚醚型聚氨酯脲(FSPUU).研究了FSPUU膜的表面性能和形态结构,实验结果显示FSPUU膜的表面呈现憎水性,与F元素富集于表面有关.将FSPUU膜浸没于CoCl2-20%H2O2溶液中进行了为期21天的加速氧化处理,并估算了PTMG软段的降解程度.与PDMS改性PUU(MSPUU)相比,FSPUU的氧化稳定性增强,与FSPUU在水和H2O2溶液中较低的溶胀率以及透水率有关.此外,FSPUU膜显示出较好的力学性能,其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均高于MSPUU.     

链段相容性对聚酯-聚醚多嵌段共聚物组成均一性的影响

<正> 由结晶型芳族聚酯为硬链段,无定型脂肪族聚醚为软链段的聚酯-聚醚多嵌段共聚物,是一类性能优良的热塑弹性体,本文研究链段相容性对这类聚合物组成均一性的影响,因此,合成了一系列不同链段结构的聚酯-聚醚多嵌段共聚物。 如硬链为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和丁二醇酯(PBT);软链段有聚乙二醇醚(PET)、聚丁二醇醚(PTMG)、聚二醇醚(PPG)和四氢呋喃同环氧丙烷的共聚醚二醇     

Thermal,mechanical, and morphological properties of soybean oil-based polyurethane/epoxy resin interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs)

A series of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on epoxy (EP) resin and polyurethane (PU) prepolymer derived from soybean oil-based polyols with different mass ratios were synthesized. The structure, thermal properties, damping properties, tensile properties, and morphology of soybean oil-based PU/EP IPNs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), universal test machine, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DSC and DMA results show that the glass transition temperature of the soybean oil-based PU/EP IPN decreases with the increase of PU prepolymer contents. Soybean oil-based PU/EP IPNs have better damping properties than that of the pure epoxy resin. The tensile strength and modulus of PU/EP IPNs decrease, while elongation at break increases with the increase of PU prepolymer contents. SEM observations reveal that phase separation appears in PU/EP IPNs with higher PU prepolymer contents.     

Natural and acid-treated attapulgite reinforced soybean oil-based polyurethane/epoxy resin interpenetrating polymer networks

Soybean oil-based polyurethane (PU)/epoxy (EP) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) nanocomposites were prepared with natural attapulgite (N-ATT) and acid-treated attapulgite (A-ATT). The structure, glass transition, damping properties, thermal stability, mechanical properties and morphology of PU/EP IPN/ATT nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analyzer, universal test machine and scanning electronic microscope (SEM). XRD showed that interaction with PU did not change the crystal structures of ATT. DMA results revealed the addition of ATT improved the glass transition temperature of the soybean oil-based PU/EP IPN, especially for A-ATT. However, the incorporation of ATT slightly decreased the damping properties of the soybean oil-based PU/EP IPN. Tensile tests confirmed that A-ATT had a significant reinforcement effect on the soybean oil-based PU/EP IPN. The tensile strength of the soybean oil-based PU/EP IPN increased by 56% with the addition of 4 mass% A-ATT. SEM demonstrated the relatively uniform dispersion of both N-ATT and A-ATT in the soybean oil-based PU/EP IPN matrix.

     

Structure-property behavior of polyurethanes,polyurethane ionomers,and their acrylates

Polyurethanes(PU), PU ionomers, PU ionomer acrylates, PU latex interpenetrating polymer network(LIPN), latex AB crosslinked polymers (ABCP), and uv-curable PU ionomer acrylates have been prepared and characterized in terms of structure-property relationship, together with shape memory function of PUs.     

四元胶乳互穿聚合物网络的组成对其性能的影响

用分步乳液聚合法合成了具有核壳结构的胶乳互穿聚合物网络ＬＩＰＮ（ＰＭＭＡ－ＰＳ）／（Ｐｎ－ＢＡ－ＰＡＡ）；讨论了ＬＩＰＮ组成对乳液与膜性能的影响，提出了四元ＬＩＰＮ核壳结构的基本轮廓，探讨了软硬单体最佳配比及丙烯酸单体用量。     

Tribological performance and thermal behavior of epoxy resin nanocomposites containing polyurethane and organoclay

A series of epoxy resin nanocomposites modified by polyurethane and organically modified montmorillonite was prepared by effectively dispersing the organically modified montmorillonite in interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of epoxy and polyurethane via the sequential polymeric technique and in situ polymerization. The tribological performance of the resultant EP/PU nanocomposites was investigated by a pin‐on‐disc tester, and the results showed that adding polyurethane and organically modified clay to the EP matrix had a synergistic effect on improving tribological performance of EP/PU nanocomposites. The morphologies of the worn surface were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, and the results indicated that the mechanism of improving tribological performance of EP/PU nanocomposites was different from that of pure EP or pure EP/PU IPNs. The thermal behavior of these nanocomposites was also investigated by thermogravimeric analysis (TGA), and the results indicated that adding organically modified clay to the matrix remedied the deterioration of the thermal degradation temperature of the interpenetrating networks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

聚氨酯互穿聚合物网络阻尼性能研究进展

介绍了聚氨酯互穿聚合物网络（ＰＵ ＩＰＮ）作为阻尼材料的研究进展,分别讨论了聚氨酯（ＰＵ）／环氧树脂（ＥＰ）ＩＰＮ和ＰＵ／乙烯基聚合物ＩＰＮ的阻尼性,以及影响阻尼性能的因素,并比较了不同类型的ＰＵ ＩＰＮ的优缺点及新的可能的探讨方向。     

网络间含离子键的聚氨酯/接枝乙烯基酯树脂互穿聚合物网络 研究

分别以双酚-A型环氧树脂E-51和聚醚型环氧树脂E-46为原料合成了两种二乙胺-环氧树脂和加成多元醇(分别命名为AE-51,AE-46),将其和甲基丙烯酸一起用于合成聚氨酯/接枝乙烯基酯树脂(PU/接枝VER)互穿聚合物网络(IPN),使之在两个网络间形成离子键。实验结果表明,这类新型的IPN材料中两个网络间的互穿程度与相容性进一步提高,从而导致刚性的接枝VER对弹性的PU网络有更好的增强效果。DSC和FTIR的测定结果表明,在含AE-51的IPN中,由于离子键的作用使PU网络硬段的有序结构遭到很大程度的破坏,与AE-51和PU网络中的硬段以及VER网络有较好的相容性有关,因此这类IPN材料具有较好的力学性能。     

Semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks based on polyurethane and polymethacrylate functional prepolymers: Morphology and mechanical properties in dependence of the concentration of functional groups

Grafted semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were prepared from polyurethane (PU) prepolymers with polyester soft segments and hard segments containing carboxylic functional groups as well as polymethacrylate (PM) prepolymers with tertiary amine functional groups. The dependence of morphological and mechanical properties on the concentration of functional groups was studied. The enhanced miscibility of PU and PM prepolymers was observed at concentrations of functional groups of 0.25 mmol/g of polymer and above. Despite the improved miscibility, the PM prepolymers showed a tendency toward phase separation. Because the observed glass‐transition temperature shifts of PU prepolymers indicated substantial miscibility, we ascribed this phenomenon to the presence of methyl methacrylate rich sequences in the PM prepolymer. The observed changes in mechanical properties by increasing the content of functional groups were typical for ionomers. Young's modulus increased as a result of physical interactions between functional groups. A significant drop in tensile strength was observed in IPN samples with phase‐separated PU and PM prepolymers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 115–123, 2002     

Effects of organophilic montmorillonite on hydrogen bonding, free volume and glass transition temperature of epoxy resin/polyurethane interpenetrating polymer networks

Epoxy resin nanocomposites containing organophilic montmorillonite (oM) and polyurethane were prepared by adding oM to interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of epoxy resin and polyurethane (EP/PU). The dispersion degree of oM in EP/PU matrix was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) showed that strong interactions existed between oM and EP/PU matrix, and oM had some effect on hydrogen bonding of these EP/PU IPNs nanocomposites. Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PALS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were used to investigate the effect of oM and PU contents on free volume and glass transition temperature (T_g) of these nanocomposites. The PALS and DSC results clearly showed that the presence of oM led to a decrease in the total fractional free volume, which was consistent with increasing T_g upon addition of oM, ascribed to increasing hydrogen bonding in interfacial regions of oM and EP/PU matrix and enhancing the miscibility between EP phase and PU phase. In addition, with increasing PU content, the total fractional free volume increased, corresponding to decreasing T_g.     

聚醚聚氨酯/环氧树脂互穿网络高聚物的研究(Ⅰ)

互穿网络高聚物(IPN)是两种或多种交联聚合物的共混体。由于两种聚合物网络相互贯穿和缠结,链节间的永久锁结产生强迫互容,使不同聚合物达到最紧密混合,最大限度地控制多相体系的相分离,IPN材料显示不寻常的耐热,耐溶剂和高强度等特点,远远超过其聚合物本身的性能。在IPN中,两网络相互贯穿程度越高,相分离越低,这主要取决于构成聚合物本身的相容性和最终网络结合方式。本文通过改变组