淹没磨料射流研究进展及冲击特性试验研究

本文简要回顾了非淹没磨料射流技术与人工淹没环境条件理论的发展与应用，认为将磨料射流引入水下加工领域是一种新的尝试，通过介绍国内外的一些相关研究，充分显示了淹没磨料射流的潜在优势，在此基础上，提出一套淹没磨料射流的模拟装置，实现了在实验室进行模拟大水深环境的淹没磨料射流性能试验。     

淹没磨料射流的空泡运动分析

通过对淹没条件下磨料射流的空泡运动分析研究,建立了淹没磨料射流的空泡运动方程,揭示了淹没磨料射流中空泡的溃灭特性,数值模拟了淹没磨料射流的磨料体积浓度以及空泡所处流场压力对空泡运动及溃灭的影响规律.分析表明:淹没磨料射流中磨料的存在增大流体的粘性系数,增大空泡溃灭历时,减弱射流的空蚀破坏能力;流场压力的改变对空泡溃灭过程影响显著,压力越高,空泡溃灭历时越短.     

射流泵抽吸式淹没射流装置

本文比较了淹没射流装置中产生射流的各种动力方法,提出采用射流泵在实验水箱底部抽吸流体形成负压产生射流的方法,成功地研制了射流泵抽吸式淹没射流装置.实验表明,这一装置具有较高的稳定性,适用于各种速度条件的淹没射流研究.     

脉冲磨料射流中球泡溃灭特性研究及数值分析

从理论上研究了脉冲磨料射流中空化球泡的溃灭特性,建立了脉冲磨料射流中空化球泡的动力学方程,数值计算分析了磨料浓度、磨料粒径、射流振荡频率和幅值以及流场压力对脉冲磨料射流中空泡溃灭过程的影响规律。研究表明,脉冲磨料射流中磨料的存在将增大空泡溃灭历时,从而减弱射流的空蚀破坏能力,其中磨料的粒径、浓度和流场压力影响幅度较大。     

磨料水射流冲蚀金属损伤形貌特征及机理研究

针对前混合磨料水射流冲蚀过程,进行了冲蚀试验及仿真研究.从试验中得到了材料冲蚀损伤形貌特征.采用SPH耦合FEM方法建立相应的冲蚀模型,对材料冲蚀过程进行模拟分析,揭示了材料损伤形貌特征产生的机理.结果表明:随着冲蚀深度的增加,磨料颗粒的冲蚀动能逐渐减小,冲蚀角度逐渐增大,材料冲蚀损伤由微切削和微犁削逐渐变为冲击变形,材料冲蚀损伤断面的形貌特征逐渐恶化,具体表现为拖尾角和表面粗糙度逐渐增大.不同金属材料损伤断面形貌特征具有相似性,但是金属材料属性的差异会对磨料冲蚀过程产生影响,导致条纹在材料损伤断面上的分布和条纹角度出现差异.由于材料损伤形貌特征受控于磨料颗粒运动特性,因此材料冲蚀断面质量改善应该从改变磨料颗粒运动特性角度出发,这为进一步研究材料冲蚀断面质量改进奠定了理论基础.     

围压下自振空化射流冲蚀性能实验研究

自振空化射流是利用瞬态流和水声学原理调制而成的一种新型射流,为研究围压下自激振荡空化射流的冲蚀破碎规律,利用高压釜装置测量了1.0mm出口直径的风琴管自振空化喷嘴在各种射流参数情况下冲蚀铝试样的冲蚀质量,并与同等条件下锥形喷嘴冲蚀效率进行了对比。测量结果表明,冲蚀质量基本与射流压力成正比;存在最优喷距和围压,使得冲蚀效果最佳,在本实验条件,分别为喷嘴出口直径的5～7倍和2MPa左右;相同条件下,自振空化喷嘴冲蚀质量约为同等条件下锥形喷嘴冲蚀的1～2倍,这为自振空化射流提高钻井速度等实际应用提供了实验依据。     

准直磨料射流在准直管内流动机理及切割应用研究

分析了准直磨料射流的工作原理、特点及高速多相流体介质在准直管内有阻运动时的磨粒运动方程式。研究表明,准直管管长在０．４ｍ～３ｍ范围内磨粒速度基本保持不变,准直管长度、直径、供料量和磨粒型号等参数之间存在最佳配合关系。本为使用准直磨料射流进行切割和冲蚀的工程应用提供了初步的理论基础。     

超临界CO2磨料射流流场影响因素的模拟分析

为了揭示超临界CO₂磨料射流流场特性,利用计算流体动力学模拟软件,对超临界CO₂磨料射流结构及不同因素对射流流场的影响规律进行了研究。结果表明:超临界CO₂磨料射流轴向速度和冲击力随着喷距的增大,先增大后减小,即存在最优喷距,喷射压差为10~30 MPa时最优喷距为3~6倍喷嘴直径;喷射压差一定时,围压由10 MPa增至30 MPa对射流速度场及液相冲击力会造成较小的负面影响。通过超临界CO₂射流破岩实验对上述2因素进行了辅助对比验证;流体温度由333 K增至413 K,固液两相轴向速度增大,而流体密度降低,导致液相冲击力减弱;磨料浓度由3.0%连续增至11.0%,射流固液两相轴向速度逐渐降低,降幅逐渐减小。     

等温淬火球墨铸铁渣浆泵叶片磨损试验的正交分析

采用正交试验分析了在实验室条件下影响奥贝球铁叶片磨损的因素,探讨了决定叶片材料特性的成分和热处理工艺以及叶、磨料种类等水力学条件对叶片磨损的综合影响,研究结果表明,渣浆泵叶片的磨损失效受到材料特性和水力条件的综合影响;叶片材料成分和热处理工艺交互作用是影响叶磨损的主要因素,其次是磨料种类及叶型症 交试验是研究 渣浆泵磨损规律的有效方法 。     

SiC/环氧树脂复合材料冲蚀磨损性能的研究

采用环氧树脂为粘接剂制备了SiC/环氧树脂复合材料,在自制的射流式冲蚀磨损试验机上研究了SiC/环氧树脂的冲蚀磨损性能.结果表明:大尺寸SiC颗粒制备的复合材料较小尺寸SiC颗粒制备的复合材料具有更好的冲蚀磨损性能,且大尺寸SiC颗粒复合材料的冲蚀磨损性能优于Q235钢,而小尺寸SiC颗粒复合材料则低于Q235钢.随着冲蚀角度的变化,其平行材料表面的切削分量和垂直材料表面的冲击分量将会发生变化,低角度冲蚀磨损机理以显微切削和碾压造成环氧树脂及SiC颗粒的层片状脱落为主转变为高角度冲蚀磨损以SiC颗粒碎裂造成环氧树脂疲劳脱落为主.     

Pressure fluctuation and surface morphology induced by the high-pressure submerged waterjet confined in a square duct

Driven by high pressures, the submerged waterjet is featured by high velocity and cavitation, which arouse unsteady flow signals. To elucidate the temporal and spatial characteristics of the high-pressure submerged waterjet, an experimental work was carried out with the waterjet submerged in a square duct and jet pressures varied from 50 to 320 MPa. Three nozzles with different throat-segment diameters were considered. Under non-impingement condition, pressure fluctuations near the waterjet stream were acquired with miniature dynamic pressure transducers. For the jet impingement cases, microhardness, surface morphology and mass removal rate of the impinged specimens were measured. The results show that drastic change of pressure in ambient water is caused by the waterjet. As the jet pressure rises, high-frequency components are excited and the effect of cavitation is significant. In streamwise direction, the gap between the first, second and third highest frequencies is progressively narrowed. The maximum pressure amplitude increases as waterjet develops, irrespective of the jet pressure and the nozzle diameter. High jet pressures lead to high microhardness of the target surface. Surface morphology serves as an indicator of the synthetic effect of jet impingement and cavitation. Erosion patterns associated with the three nozzles are considerably different; cavitation erosion intensity declines with the increase in the nozzle diameter.     

Investigation of displacement fields in an abrasive waterjet drilling process: Part 1. Experimental measurements

The transient state of displacement fields in the machining zone of a target material during abrasive waterjet impinging and drilling was investigated. A moiré interferometry experimental setup for recording displacement fields and a dynamometer for measuring the reaction force were developed. Whole fields of surface displacement fields and the reaction force of the ceramic and polycarbonate target materials were successfully recorded when the specimen was being pierced by high-pressure abrasive waterjet (AWJ). This paper demonstrates that bothu andv displacement fields of a workpiece during AWJ drilling can be recorded in real time and simultaneously by the moiré interferometry experimentation. The measured surface displacement distributions and the machining forces will be used to drive a finite element model in the second part of this investigation, in which the authors study the stress and strain state for the target material associated with the jet-materials interaction during the jet penetration process.     

Edge Finishing Effects on the Impact Behavior of Chopped GFRP Composites

The low velocity and low energy impact response of two common sheet mold compound (SMC) material systems—SMC-R27, and SMC-R37—were investigated. In addition to characterizing the low velocity impact response and failure progression of the material systems, the edge effects of diamond saw cutting, waterjet cutting and abrasive waterjet cutting were investigated using optical microscopy and contact surface profilometry. Impact force–time and displacement–time responses were measured and used to characterize energy absorption capabilities and potential correlation to post processing operation and fiber volume fraction. Pre and post-impact edge surface micrographs were examined to relate the failure behavior on the machined surfaces. Experiments and measurements all show that the failure zone size and growth behavior are clearly dependent on the edge finishing process.     

Flow visualization study of the macromechanics of abrasive-waterjet turning

This paper reports the results of a visualization study conducted to develop further understanding of the macromechanics of the abrasive-waterjet-turning process. The paper describes details of the experiments and visualization results and their implications to the abrasive-waterjet-turning process. A high-speed movie camera was used to record the experiments for the entry and steady-state stages of the turning operation. The study demonstrates that the material removal takes place on the face of the workpiece and that the process involves a mechanism of step formation and removal similar to that of linear cutting with an abrasive waterjet. Moreover, the observations suggest that the abrasive waterjet does not undergo any significant radial deflection in the region where material removal takes place.A.I. Ansari, presently at Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, was Doctoral Student, Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931.presently at Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Maryland, was Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics Department, Michigan Technological University.     

TBM滚刀刀圈与岩石的滑动磨损实验研究

硬岩隧道掘进机(TBM)的滚刀刀圈在破岩过程中面临剧烈的磨损,对TBM的掘进效率及施工成本影响巨大。为了深入研究全断面隧道掘进机滚刀刀圈的磨损机理,本文在M-200型磨损试验机上模拟了TBM滚刀刀圈与岩石的磨损行为。基于实验数据,验证了磨粒磨损引起的磨损量与摩擦距离的线性关系,分析了岩石硬度、摩擦系数和润滑对磨粒磨损速率的影响。实验结果表明,在大载荷下,磨损形式将由单纯的磨粒磨损转化为磨粒磨损与疲劳磨损共同存在的形式,并且计算了疲劳磨损量,进而对比了磨粒磨损量与疲劳磨损量的大小。结论:硬度、摩擦系数越大,滚刀刀圈磨损越严重;润滑对降低磨损有重要作用;在大载荷作用下,磨损状态将由磨粒磨损转化为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损共存的状态。上述研究结果可以为TBM滚刀刀圈设计及施工提供一定的参考。     

喷水推进双级轴流泵流体动力性能CFD分析

采用高质量结构化网格对某喷水推进双级轴流泵整个数值模拟系统的各部件进行区域离散,利用CFD方法预报该泵扬程、功率和效率等外特性,分析其内部流动情况。计算结果与实验数据的较好吻合证明了CFD方法可以作为通过试验求取喷水推进双级轴流泵特性曲线的辅助方法。研究中对有、无轴情况下双级轴流泵外特性的预报和比较结果表明,轴对该泵动力性能预报结果影响不大;通过计算叶片压力分布,验证了该双级泵叶轮叶片设计中采用的线型;通过观察一、二级导叶出口的流动状态,分析了该泵设计中存在的缺陷,并为导叶改进设计提出建议。     

Impact of a hydroabrasive jet on material: Hydroabrasive wear

The wear of steel plates under the impact of a hydroabrasive jet was studied experimentally by varying the distance between the sample surface and the nozzle, the angle of impingement of the jet on the plate, and the abrasive concentrations in water and in the ambient medium (jet in air, submerged jet). The results are compared with available data on the structure of the jet and jet flow around an obstacle. It is shown that the addition of abrasive particles to the liquid can be used to study the liquid jet flow around an obstacle because the form of surface wear allows one to determine the region of impact of the jet core, the deceleration region, and the near-wall flow region before flow separation.     

单颗金刚石划擦Ta12W的试验研究

采用单颗钎焊单晶金刚石划擦Ta12W,跟踪观察了金刚石的磨损形貌,测量了划擦过程的力信号以及力比的变化,监测了磨损过程中的声发射信号变化,提取不同磨损阶段的声发射信号,进行频谱和功率谱分析.结果表明:划擦过程中金刚石的磨损可分为初期、稳定和剧烈磨损三个阶段,三个阶段的划擦力和力比明显不同.划擦声发射信号频谱主要分布在0~170 k Hz之间,功率谱峰值主频分布在7.8~27.3 k Hz之间,金刚石磨损的加剧使声发射信号峰值主频由高频向低频趋近,并且功率谱峰值随之增加.     

Experimental and numerical investigations into flow features in an intake duct for the waterjet propulsion under mooring conditions

Acta Mechanica Sinica - The waterjet propulsion is widely applied in the marine vessels over 30 knots, and the intake duct is considered as an essential component that strongly relates to the...