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An Experimental Method to Determine the Tensile Strength of Concrete at High Rates of Strain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the present work, dynamic tensile strength of concrete is experimentally investigated by means of spalling tests. Based on extensive numerical simulations, the paper presents several advances to improve the processing of spalling tests. The striker is designed to get a more uniform tensile stress field in the specimen. Three methods proposed in the literature to deduce the dynamic strength of the specimen are discussed as well as the use of strain gauges and a laser extensometer. The experimental method is applied to process data of several tests performed on wet micro-concrete at strain rates varying from 30 to 150/s. A significant increase of the dynamic tensile strength with strain-rate is observed and compared with data of the literature. In addition, post-mortem studies of specimens are carried to improve the analysis of damage during spalling tests. 相似文献
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Appropriately interpreting the measured creep strain is critical for obtaining the actual creep strain, especially for high-strength concretes characterized by a low water/cement ratio (w/c) because autogenous shrinkage is significant in such concrete at early ages. To investigate the interaction between the autogenous shrinkage and tensile creep of concrete at early ages, various tests were conducted on concretes with water/cement (w/c) ratios =0.3 and 0.4, including basic tensile creep, strength, autogenous shrinkage, and the internal relative humidity (RH) measurements. The load was applied at the ages of 1 and 7 days at the stress/strength levels of 40% and 70%, respectively. It was found that the measured early-age tensile creep strain becomes negative due to the large autogenous shrinkage involved. The principle of superposition can be used for creep-autogenous shrinkage decoupling to obtain the actual basic tensile creep, as there is virtually no additional RH reduction or stress-induced shrinkage in concrete due to the sustained tensile load at early ages. An average tensile strength gain of 8.2% was found in specimens after sustained tensile loading compared to the unloaded specimens. An exponential function is proposed to quantify the autogenous shrinkage effect on the basic tensile creep in terms of specific creep/autogenous shrinkage ratio. 相似文献
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混凝土在荷载作用下会产生损伤或破坏,用超声波的方法可测量损伤或破坏的程度。但在荷载作用下混凝土的破坏是一个动态过程,由于测试面发生变形,使常规超声波测试无法完成。本文研制了一个混凝土材料破坏过程超声波测试辅助装置,结合原有的非金属材料超声波检测仪,使测试混凝土材料动态破坏过程成为可能。同时通过辅助装置还可消除试件在破坏过程中由于变形带来的测试误差,可方便、快捷、准确地测试混凝土在荷载作用下的动态破坏过程。采用常规混凝土和冻融混凝土为试件,在材料万能试验机上进行了破坏实验,得到了不同荷载作用下超声波的波速。实验结果表明,混凝土的超声波波速随混凝土的破坏程度不断增大而减小,由此表示可采用超声波测试的方法确定混凝土的动态破坏过程。 相似文献
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用圆孔平台巴西圆盘确定岩石拉伸强度的非局部应力方法 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
对用圆孔平台巴西圆盘确定岩石拉伸强度的方法进行了研究.用有限元法分析了试件加载直径上的双向应力分布.由于加载直径靠近孔边处存在较大的拉伸应力梯度,如果以加载直径与中心圆孔相交点的最大拉伸应力来确定岩石的拉伸强度σt,拉伸强度的试验值会随着中心圆孔与圆盘半径之比r/R的增加而减小.采用非局部应力方法,考虑双向应力状态作用下发生破坏的Griffith强度准则的等效应力σG,在加载直径上选取材料特征尺寸,让σG"在特征尺寸上积分后取均值后得到岩石的拉伸强度σt.利用该方法得到的圆孔平台巴西圆盘测得的σt值不随r/R的变化而变化,其平均值大约为平台巴西圆盘测试值的1.23倍左右. 相似文献
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Song B. Sanborn B. Heister J.D. Everett R.L. Martinez T.L. Groves G.E. Johnson E.P. Kenney D.J. Knight M.E. Spletzer M.A. Haulenbeek K.K. McConnell C. 《Experimental Mechanics》2019,59(7):941-951
Experimental Mechanics - A new “Drop-Hopkinson bar” apparatus has been successfully developed for material tensile property characterization at intermediate strain rates. This new... 相似文献
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岩石蠕变是一个显著的非线性问题,而经典的Burgers 模型是一种线性蠕变模型,必然不能全面地描述岩石蠕变的全过程.当岩石处于高应力水平下的加速蠕变阶段,岩石内部损伤会不断产生和累积,蠕变呈现出明显的非线性特征.为了更好地描述考虑损伤的岩石蠕变全过程,本文假定加速蠕变阶段的损伤演化方程,将损伤引入到Burgers 模型中,提出了一种非线性蠕变损伤模型.然后以乔后盐矿试件蠕变实测数据为分析案例,验证模型在应用于实际工程时的准确性和适用性.最后根据Origin 软件数值拟合的结果,表明本文所提出的非线性蠕变损伤模型能很好地描述岩石蠕变全过程,模型参数取值也在合理范围之内,模型拟合曲线与实验所得数据具有较好的一致性. 相似文献
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A high strain rate tensile testing technique for sheet materials is presented which makes use of a split Hopkinson pressure bar system in conjunction with a load inversion device. With compressive loads applied to its boundaries, the load inversion device introduces tension into a sheet specimen. Two output bars are used to minimize the effect of bending waves on the output force measurement. A Digital Image Correlation (DIC) algorithm is used to determine the strain history in the specimen gage section based on high speed video imaging. Detailed finite element analysis of the experimental set-up is performed to validate the design of the load inversion device. It is shown that under the assumption of perfect alignment and slip-free attachment of the specimen, the measured stress–strain curve is free from spurious oscillations at a strain rate of 1,000 s?1. Validation experiments are carried out using tensile specimens extracted from 1.4 thick TRIP780 steel sheets. The experimental results for uniaxial tension at strain rates ranging from 200 s?1 to 1,000 s?1 confirm the oscillation-free numerical results in an approximate manner. Dynamic tension experiments are also performed on notched specimens to illustrate the validity of the proposed experimental technique for characterizing the effect of strain rate on the onset of ductile fracture in sheet materials. 相似文献
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Nb3Sn 超导复合股线在强磁场工程中有着重要的应用,其拉伸强度为保证和评估其长期服役安全的一个关键参数。本文从 “剪滞”理论出发,利用基于Weibull/Possion统计理论的复合材料纤维断裂的Curtin-Zhou模型,较好地描述复合股线中Nb3Sn超导纤维碎片化过程,建立了分析超导复合股线统计拉伸强度和失效概率的模型。计算结果表明,青铜法Nb3Sn超导复合股线的拉伸强度随着初始损伤参数的增大而迅速减小;在4.2K服役温度下,当Weibull模量为8时,随着初始损伤参数的增加,股线的拉伸强度约从900MPa衰减至480MPa,与已有实验结果吻合良好;初始损伤参数约为1时,正规化方差最大。初始损伤和Weibull模量对Nb3Sn复合股线统计拉伸强度和失效概率函数的分布有着显著影响。 相似文献
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完整岩体卸荷破坏的模型试验研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文在真三轴应力状态下,采用三种与工程开挖对应的卸荷方式,对完整岩体模型试样进行了卸荷破坏试验.通过对试样在整个试验过程中的应力、应变及声发射等进行的量测,以期揭示岩体在工程卸荷条件下的变形破坏特征 相似文献
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裂纹的聚集、扩展、分叉是岩石等脆性材料破坏失效的关键因素,本文在验证了近场动力学方法在研究岩石类材料裂纹动态扩展方面的有效性之后,采用近场动力学方法分别对冲击载荷作用下含有双裂纹岩石材料和单轴压缩作用下含单斜裂纹的岩石材料进行数值模拟.结果表明,对于双垂直裂纹,其裂纹扩展路径大致与预制裂纹成70°夹角;对于单裂纹,裂纹的扩展路径随裂纹倾角的变化而变化,最终导致构件的整体破坏.数值模拟结果表明近场动力学方法可以很好地模拟岩石等脆性材料的裂纹扩展直至破坏的过程,反映裂纹扩展的物理机理;其作为一种新的基于非局部理论的数值方法,在地下岩体工程方面及页岩气的开采方面会有很好的发展前景. 相似文献
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为了深入研究韧性材料主应力面的应变分布情况,讨论Bridgman关于主应力面上应变均布假定的精度.本文首先结合断口学基本理论与在室温条件下拉伸断裂的Q235钢、40Cr钢和45#钢断口电子显微镜扫描结果,从微观角度分析其韧窝分布后发现应变均布假定存在一定的误差;然后基于体积守恒和Aramis三维应变观测系统测得的试验结果,将计算值和试验值进行对比分析发现,三种材料中除含碳量较高的45#钢外,应变均布假定并不适用于分析颈缩主应力面上应变分布.本文的研究成果可为进一步研究韧性材料颈缩大塑性阶段的应力、应变本构关系提供一定的参考. 相似文献
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I. INTRODUCTION Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have achieved impressive progress and become a very area of research. But long-term durability of various MEMS devices requires a fundamental understaof the fatigue and fracture characteristics of su… 相似文献
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利用一种自行设计的附加渗透试验装置,在MTS815.02岩石力学伺服试验系统上完成了圆板状岩样破坏过程中的渗透特性试验,得到了圆板状岩样渗透率、渗透压差、渗流速度与轴向荷载的关系,并对试验结果进行了分析和讨论。研究表明:1)岩样在渗透的同时发生弯曲变形,岩样的渗透率与其受力状态密切相关,当达到峰值载荷时,渗透率急剧增大,由此验证了突水是伴随着结构破坏的渗流失稳过程;2)岩样在破坏过程中,当轴向载荷达到峰值时,岩样两端压力差急剧减小;3)岩样两端压力差保持0.2MPa,轴向荷载达到峰值时,增压器活塞位移急剧增大,即渗流速度突然变大;4)冲剪破坏为圆板状岩样的主要破坏形式。 相似文献
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岩石是一种复杂的天然非均匀脆性材料,拉压性能差距较大,拉破坏往往控制着岩石工程整体的稳定性.论文将岩石内部某一点在一定尺度范围内所受内力的差异性定义为内动力,进行了对径压缩岩石拉张破裂裂纹扩展实验.采用高速摄像机捕捉破裂瞬时拉张裂纹扩展过程并用数字散斑软件分析第一主应变演化过程.采用连续-非连续方法模拟对径压缩岩石拉张裂纹扩展过程.从实验结果可以看出:拉张破裂裂纹扩展分为三个阶段:拉张破裂变形累计阶段(宏观无裂纹)、拉张破裂裂纹稳定扩展阶段、拉张破裂裂纹动态张裂阶段.将实验、数值计算结果与解析解进行对比分析,实验与数值计算结果扩展规律基本一致,但是与弹性力学解析解不同.解析解基于均匀性假设,而外载荷及岩石本身是非均匀的.外载荷及岩石本身的非均匀性是裂纹起裂点、扩展路径与解析解不相同的主要原因.综合分析给出拉张破裂裂纹扩展规律:当外载荷作用下内动力超过原子或分子连接力则裂纹扩展,扩展方向与内动力的方向垂直.岩石拉张破裂裂纹扩展演化规律的研究可为岩石工程拉张破坏的预防和控制提供理论依据. 相似文献
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为了解喀喇昆仑公路(中国段)沿线岩石裂纹演化及受力后的力学性能(位移和应变),采用数字图像相关技术,对三点弯曲加载条件下的灰白石英粉砂岩和片麻岩试件在万能试验机上进行了破坏实验,得到了外力作用下裂纹生成、扩展等演化过程及两种岩样在加载直至破坏过程中的位移场和平均应变曲线。实验结果表明,在相同条件下,灰白石英粉砂岩比片麻岩更易脆断,片麻岩在受力断裂破坏时出现了多条裂纹,导致试件加剧断裂,研究成果为了解这一地域的岩石强度及破坏规律提供了实验依据。 相似文献