Polytypism in the lithium-aluminum layered double hydroxides: the [LiAl2(OH)6]+ layer as a structural synthon

The [LiAl(2)(OH)(6)](+) layer obtained from gibbsite-Al(OH)(3) belongs to the layer group symmetry P-312/m. This layer satisfies the defining characteristics of a synthon in that it predicts all the polymorphic modifications of the layered double hydroxides of Li and Al. The various possible ways of stacking these layers can be derived by the systematic elimination of the principal symmetry elements comprising the layer group. This approach yields the complete universe of possible structures. When the 3 axis of the layer is conserved in the stacking, the resultant crystal adopts the structure of the 1H, 2H, or 3R polytypes (H, hexagonal; R, rhombohedral). When the 3 axis is destroyed and the 2/m axis is retained, the crystal adopts monoclinic symmetry and crystallizes in the structures of the 1M(1) or 1M(2) (M, monoclinic) polytypes; the two polytypes differ only in their translational component. Experimentally, gibbsite-based precursors yield the 2H polytype, and bayerite-based precursors yield the 1M polytype. Faulted structures incorporating differently oriented 1M(1) motifs or a mixture of 1M(1) and 1M(2) motifs are also obtained. These stacking faults result in cation disorder along the c axis and produce signature effects on the line shapes of select reflections in the powder X-ray diffraction patterns. This symmetry-guided approach is general and can be extended to other classes of layered solids.     

Syntheses，Structures and Properties of Some New Composition Perovskite Compounds：Sr_（0．6）Bi_（0．4）FeO_（2．7），Sr_（1－x）Bi_xFeO_（3－y） and Ba_（1．5）Pt_（0．5）Mn_2O_6

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Structural Synthon Approach to Predict the Possible Polytypes of Layered Double Hydroxides

The complete universe of possible polytypes of layered double hydroxides (LDH) is predicted on the basis of symmetry arguments. A single [MX₂] (X = OH) layer, also defined as a structural synthon, belongs to the layer group P$\bar{3}$ 2/m1. These layers can be stacked in such a way as to conserve the unique 3‐axis of the layer in the resultant crystal. The different stacking sequences that facilitate symmetry conservation, yield the different possible polytypes of rhombohedral and hexagonal symmetries. More polytypes can be envisaged by including stacking sequences that systematically destroy the principal symmetry elements of the structural synthon. Thereby, stacking sequences that destroy the 3‐axis, while retaining the 2‐axis, yield possible polytypes of monoclinic symmetry. The nitrate‐containing LDH of zinc and aluminum crystallizes in a faulted structure in which, the planar faults are shown to arise on account of stacking sequences whose local symmetry is monoclinic. This approach to polytype prediction expands on an earlier reported method by Bookin and Drits and is very general with important implications for other classes of layered materials.     

Studies on structures of lipid A-monophosphate clusters

Single crystalline clusters of lipid A-monophosphate were grown from organic dispersions containing 5-15% (v/v) water at various volume fractions, φ, and temperatures. The morphology of the single lipid A-monophosphate crystals was either rhombohedral or hexagonal. The hexagonal crystals were needlelike or cylindrical in shape, with the long dimension parallel to the c axis of the unit cell. The crystalline clusters were studied using electron microscopy and x-ray powder diffraction. Employing molecular location methods following a Rietveld refinement and whole-pattern refinement revealed two monoclinic crystal structures in the space groups P2(1) and C2, both converged with R(F) = 0.179. The two monoclinic crystal structures were packing (hydrocarbon chains) and conformational (sugar) polymorphs. Neither of these two structures had been encountered previously. Only intramolecular hydrogen bonding was observed for the polymorphs, which were located between the amide and the carboxyl groups. Another crystalline structure was found in the volume-fraction range 2.00 × 10(-3) ≤ φ ≤ 2.50 × 10(-3), which displayed hexagonal symmetry. The hexagonal symmetry of the self-assembled lipid A-monophosphate crystalline phase might be reconciled with the monoclinic symmetry found at low-volume-fractions. Therefore, lowering the symmetry from cubic, i.e., Ia 3d, to rhombohedral R 3 m, and finally to the monoclinic space group C2 was acceptable if the lipid A-monophosphate anion was completely orientationally ordered.     

Hydrogen adsorption in the metal-organic frameworks Fe2(dobdc) and Fe2(O2)(dobdc)

The hydrogen storage properties of Fe(2)(dobdc) (dobdc(4-) = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) and an oxidized analog, Fe(2)(O(2))(dobdc), have been examined using several complementary techniques, including low-pressure gas adsorption, neutron powder diffraction, and inelastic neutron scattering. These two metal-organic frameworks, which possess one-dimensional hexagonal channels decorated with unsaturated iron coordination sites, exhibit high initial isosteric heats of adsorption of -9.7(1) and -10.0(1) kJ mol(-1), respectively. Neutron powder diffraction has allowed the identification of three D(2) binding sites within the two frameworks, with the closest contacts corresponding to Fe-D(2) separations of 2.47(3) and 2.53(5) ?, respectively. Inelastic neutron scattering spectra, obtained from p-H(2) (para-H(2)) and D(2)-p-H(2) mixtures adsorbed in Fe(2)(dobdc), reveal weak interactions between two neighboring adsorption sites, a finding that is in opposition to a previous report of possible 'pairing' between neighboring H(2) molecules.     

Mg-Fe-LDHs纳米颗粒的合成及其阴离子交换容量的研究

采用液相共沉淀法合成了镁铁型层状双氢氧化物(简称Mg-Fe-LDHs)纳米颗粒,考察了粒子形貌、化学组成、晶体结构、阴离子交换容量及原料配比的影响.结果表明,所合成样品为片状纳米颗粒,化学组成与原料配比基本一致.在所研究的原料配比范围内,产品中n(Mg):n(Fe)在2:1～4:1范围内,产品具有水滑石层状六方晶系结构.随n(Mg):n(Fe)从2:1增大到4:1,粒径增大(从37.9nm增大到61.2nm),六方晶格参数a降低(变化范围为0.317～0.310nm),而六方晶格参数c增大(变化范围为2.380～2.412nm),层间距增大(从0.793nm增大到0.804nm),阴离子交换容量增大(从0.52mmol/g增大到1.28mmol/g).     

Sm2Fe17N3晶体的价电子结构分析和结合能、最强键能计算

由EET理论直接建立了Sm2Fe17N3晶体的价电子结构,同时计算并筛选了晶体的结合能和最强键能,分别为EC^0=14716.8±13.7kJ·mol^-1和Eα=110.1311 kJ·mol^-1。分析计算结果表明:Sm2Fe17N3晶体内共价电子数主要分布在12对由Fe(c1),Fe(c2)和Fe(c3)参与形成的最强键能的键上,由这3种Fe晶位原子形成的共价键键距普遍小于0.3 nm,共价键较强对晶体结合能作主要贡献;并且其结合能相比Sm2Fe17晶体的小得多,解释了Sm2Fe17合金在低温和非真空状态条件下易氧化而经过渗氮后得到的Sm2Fe17N3则表现出常温下结构稳定、化学性能好的特性;计算出N原子参与形成的成键原子对的理论键能值普遍在1 kJ·mol^-1左右,反映出Sm2Fe17N3化合物内在渗氮特性,分析了制备钐铁氮永磁材料过程中Sm2Fe17合金较低温渗氮难、渗氮不稳定和渗氮不均匀的缺陷。     

Experimental and theoretical electron density distribution and magnetic properties of the butterfly-like complex [Fe(4)O(2)(O(2)CCMe(3))(8)(NC(5)H(4)Me)(2)].2CH(3)CN

The structure and electron density distribution (EDD) of the carboxylate-bridge iron complex [Fe(III)(4)(micro(3)-O)(2)(O(2)CCMe(3))(8)(NC(5)H(4)Me)(2)].2CH(3)CN, 1, has been determined from synchrotron X-ray diffraction data (R(int) = 0.025) collected with the crystal cooled to 16(5) K. At this temperature complex 1 crystallized in the triclinic space group P with cell parameters a = 12.6926(7) A, b = 12.9134(8) A, c = 13.4732(8) A, alpha = 115.372(2) degrees, beta = 107.702(3) degrees, and gamma = 102.731(2) degrees. The theoretical EDD determined from a density functional theory (DFT) single point calculation of an entire molecule of 1 at the experimental geometry has been analyzed and compared to the experimental EDD. The latter is expressed in the framework of a multipolar model with parameters determined by least-squares refinement (R(w)(F(2)) = 0.024) based on the X-ray diffraction data. The central micro(3)-oxygen atom in 1 is significantly out of the plane spanned by the three Fe atoms coordinated to this oxygen. Comparison of measures for the bonding geometry around the iron atoms in 1 with the corresponding values for the iron atoms in relevant trinuclear complexes suggests that there are significant differences in the Fe-(micro(3)-O) bonds in the two cases. Analyses of both the experimental and theoretical EDDs reveal very significant differences between the two Fe-(micro(3)-O) bonds in 1, with one bond being much more directed and stronger than the other bond. A topological analysis of the EDDs using the atoms in molecules approach also reveals very distinct differences between the properties of the two Fe(III) atoms. A clear exponential relationship is found between the Laplacian of the experimental density at the bond critical points in the Fe-ligand bonds and their bond lengths. M?ssbauer spectroscopy of 1 shows two easily separable doublets corresponding to the two different iron sites. Magnetic susceptibility measurements between 4.2 and 300 K indicate antiferromagnetically coupled Fe(III) atoms constituting an S = 0 ground state.     

Structural investigation of hydrate compounds of the tetraisoamylammonium form of polyacrylate ion exchange resins. Crystal structure of a clathrate hydrate of linear tetraisoamylammonium polyacrylate

A polyhydrate of the tetraisoamylammonium salt of linear (uncrosslinked) polyacrylate (～25 monomeric units in the polyacrylate chain) is described and compared to polyhydrates of cross-linked tetraisoamylammonium polyacrylates (0.5–3% of cross-linking with divinylbenzene or divinylsulfide). Powder X-ray diffraction reveals that the polyhydrate containing a linear polyacrylate molecule has the same structure (hexagonal, a = 12.26 Å, c = 12.71 Å at 3°C) as polyhydrates of the cross-linked polyacrylate molecules. A single crystal of the polyhydrate obtained from an aqueous solution of linear tetraisoamylammonium polyacrylate is studied by X-ray diffraction at ?173°C. The structure is hexagonal; space group P-6m2; the polyhydrate framework is a slightly distorted variant of the hexagonal structure-I of clathrate hydrates.     

Crystal structure of a μ-oxo-bridged dimeric iron(III) complex

A dimeric [{Fe(5-ClL1)}₂(μ-O)], [H₂-5-ClL1 = N,N′-bis(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-methylpropane-1,2-diamine] tetradentate Schiff-base complex, 1, has been synthesized and its crystal structure has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Structural analysis of complex 1 shows that the complex is a centrosymmetric dimer. Each of the Fe(III) ions has a five-coordinate geometry and one oxygen atom bridges two Fe(III) ions to form a μ-oxo structure. The geometry around iron atom can be described as a square based pyramid with the FeN₂O₂ coordination plane and oxo ligand.     

Polytype Transformations in the SO42– Containing Layered Double Hydroxides of Zinc with Aluminum and Chromium: The Metal Hydroxide Layer as a Structural Synthon

Solid–solid inter‐polytype transformations are observed during the thermal dehydration of sulfate‐containing layered double hydroxides (LDHs). The metal hydroxide layer behaves as a “structural synthon” and the interconversion of polytypes of rhombohedral and hexagonal symmetries takes place by rigid translations of successive layers by (± 1/3, ± 2/3) relative to one another in the ab plane. These translations are selected among the many possible, as they preserve the coincidence of the symmetry elements of the individual layers and thereby conserve the threefold symmetry of the crystal across the inter‐polytype conversions. As a result, these transformations are enthalpically not expensive. These translations are facilitated at near ambient temperatures (30–60 °C) by the reversible dehydration of the LDH, which involves the deinsertion/insertion of water molecules within the restricted space of the interlayer region.     

Neutron diffraction determination of the crystal structure of Ce7O12

A neutron diffraction study has been made on polycrystalline and single crystal samples of CeO_1.714. The results confirm that the compound is isostructural with ternary oxides of the type UY₆O₁₂. The space group is $\text{R}\text{3}$ with hexagonal unit cell dimensions a = 10.37 Å and c = 9.67 Å (rhombohedral cell a = 8.60 Å and α = 99.4°). The hexagonal unit cell contains three formula units of Ce₇O₁₂. Totals of 79 and 24 independent reflections from the single crystal were measured at neutron wavelengths of 1.185 and 2.37 Å, respectively. Simultaneous refinement of the two sets of data yielded a weighted R factor of 0.144. The structure is a rhombohedral defect type of fluorite arrangement in which pairs of oxygen vacancies are ordered along the [111] axis.     

MOLECULAR AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF (μ-HOCH_2 CH_2 S)_2 Fe_2 (CO)_4(PPh_3)_2

<正> The molecular and crystal structure of the complex (μ-HOCH2CH2-S)2 Fe2(CO)4(PPh3)2 synthesized by reaction of ethylene epoxide with (μ-Lis)2Fe2(CO)6, followed by EtOH alcoholysis and PPh3 substitution,was determined by X-ray diffraction technique. The crystals are triclinic,space group P 1,with a= 10. 902(2),b=12. 106 (2),c=16. 123(4) A ,V= 2079. 36A3,α=78. 13(1),β=89. 37(2),γ=87. 93(1)°, Z = 2,Dx=1. 44 g/cm3.μ(MoKa) = 9. 149cm-1, F(000) = 940. The final R and Rw equal to 0. 055 and 0. 068,respectively,for 3598 observed independent reflections. In this molecule two PPh3 ligands are trans to the Fe - Fe bond and axially coordinated to two iron atoms. In addition,two hydroxylethyl groups are attached to bridging sulfur atoms by e-type of bond and thus this molecule is an ee conformer.     

双μ~3-O四核过渡金属簇合物的研究I.[M~2M'~2O~2(C~2H~5COO)~7(bipy)~2]·ClO~4(M=Fe;M'=Fe或Cr族合物的合成和晶体结构

本文采用2,2-联二吡啶与氧心三核物[M~3O(C~2H~5COO)~6(H~2O)~3]·NO~3(M=Fe;Cr)在乙腈中反应的方法制备了两个簇合物:[Fe~4O~2(C~2H~5COO)~7(bipy>~2]·[Fe~2Cr~2(C~2H~5COO)~7(bipy>~2]·ClO~4(2).从测定的单胞参数可确定它们为异质同晶,进而测定了簇合物1的结构.晶体属三斜晶系,空间群PI,单胞参a=1.5328(2),b=1.6325(2),c=1.3017(2)nm,a=113.49(1),β=115.12(1),γ=94.11(1)°;Ⅴ=2.5882nm^3,D~c=1.51g.cm^-3,Z=2,R=0.063,R~w=0.094.     

Anion mediated polytype selectivity among the basic salts of Co(II)

Basic salts of Co(II) crystallize in the rhombohedral structure. Two different polytypes, 3R₁ and 3R₂, with distinct stacking sequences of the metal hydroxide slabs, are possible within the rhombohedral structure. These polytypes are generated by simple translation of successive layers by (2/3, 1/3, z) or (1/3, 2/3, z). The symmetry of the anion and the mode of coordination influences polytype selection. Cobalt hydroxynitrate crystallizes in the structure of the 3R₂ polytype while the hydroxytartarate, hydroxychloride and α-cobalt hydroxide crystallize in the structure of the 3R₁ polytype. Cobalt hydroxysulfate is turbostratically disordered. The turbostratic disorder is a direct consequence of the mismatch between the crystallographically defined interlayer sites generated within the crystal and the tetrahedral symmetry of the SO₄²⁻ ions.     

Nb(x)()Ru(6)(-)(x)()Te(8), New Chevrel-Type Clusters Containing Niobium and Ruthenium(,)

Phases of composition Nb(x)()Ru(6)(-)(x)()Te(8) were prepared by reacting stoichiometric mixtures of the elements at high temperature in evacuated silica ampules. The structure of Nb(3.33)Ru(2.67)Te(8) was refined from X-ray powder data using the Rietveld method. Nb(3.33)Ru(2.67)Te(8) crystallizes isotypic with Mo(6)Q(8) (Q = S, Se, Te) in the rhombohedral space group R&thremacr; with the hexagonal lattice parameters a = 10.34106(5) ?, c = 11.47953(7) ?, and Z = 3. Its structure consists of M(6)Te(8) mixed-metal clusters (M = Nb, Ru) which are connected by intercluster M-Te bonds to form a three-dimensional network. Metal-metal bonding in these phases is analyzed in terms of Pauling bond orders and found to be weaker compared to that in related cluster compounds. Nb(x)()Ru(6)(-)(x)()Te(8) are the first representatives of Chevrel-type cluster phases with complete substitution of Mo by other metals. The chemical perspectives arising from this substitution are discussed.     

Dy2（Fe1—xSix）17系列化合物内禀磁性及穆斯堡尔效应研究

详细研究了Ｄ２（Ｆ１ｘ－Ｓｉｘ）１７系列化合物的晶格结构和内禀磁性。Ｘ射线衍射分析表明，Ｄｙ２（Ｆｅ１－ｘＳｉｘ）１７系列化合物呈现Ｔｈ２Ｎｉ１７结构牙或Ｔｈ２Ｚｎ１７结构相，居里温度ＴＣ随Ｘ的增大而增大，饱和磁化强度σｓ随ｘ的增加而减小。     

A dinuclear oxygen-bridged Schiff base iron(III) complex derived from <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>′-bis(4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine

The μ-oxo-bridged Fe(III) dimer complex [{Fe(4-MeOL1)}₂(μ-O)]?HOCH₃, (H₂-4-MeOL1 = N,N′-bis(4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine), 1 is synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 contains a [{Fe(4-MeOL1)}2(μ-O)] dimeric unit with a methanol solvent molecule of crystallization. Each Fe(III) ion has a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. In the basal plane, the Fe(III) atom is coordinated by two N and two O atoms of the Schiff base ligand. The apical position is occupied by a bridging O^2– ion, linking another Fe(III) ion in the complex. There are intermolecular C–H…O and C–H…π interactions among the dinuclear complexes.     

配合物[Fe_2(BPMPP)_2](BPh_4)_2的合成与晶体结构

合成了含不对称双核配体BPMPP的配合物[Fe2(BPMPP)2](BPh4)2;利用元素分析仪、红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析了其组成和晶体结构.结果表明,标题配合物属单斜晶系,空间群为P21/c;晶胞参数:a=1.406 5(3)nm,b=1.990 4(4)nm,c=1.712 2(3)nm,β=112.511(3)°,V=4.428 0(14)nm3,Z=2,Dc=1.349 Mg/m3,μ=1.288 mm-1,F(000)=1 872,GOF=0.967,最终偏差因子R1=0.059 6,wR2=0.111 3.在阳离子[Fe(BPMPP)]2+中,两个铁(Ⅱ)离子处于对称位置,均具有变形的三角双锥几何构型.     

Design, synthesis and photoelectrochemical properties of hexagonal metallomacrocycles based on triphenylamine: [M6(4,4'-bis(2,2':6',2'-terpyridinyl)triphenylamine)6(X)12]; [M = Fe(II), PF6- and Zn(II), BF4-

Synthesis of a novel bis(terpyridine) ligand, 4,4'-bis(2,2':6',2'-terpyridinyl)triphenylamine, utilizing triphenylamine, as a specific angle controller, has led to the self-assembly of a unique hexagonal metallomacrocycle family, [Fe6(2)6(PF6)12] and [Zn6(2)6(BF4)12], utilizing terpyridine-metal(II)-terpyridine connectivity. The crystal structure of the novel ligand shows that the angle between the two terpyridinyl moieties is 119.69 degrees , which enabled the formation of the hexagonal-shaped macrocycles. The crystal packing architectures of this starting ligand revealed channels induced by solvent encapsulation. Following complexation of this ligand with transition metals [Fe(II) or Zn(II)] in a one-pot reaction, the resultant structures were characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR, UV/Vis and mass spectroscopies. The expected metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT; lambda(max) = 582 nm) and emission (lambda(em) = 575 nm) characteristics were exhibited by both [Fe6(2)6(PF6)12] and[Zn6(2)6(BF4)12]. The photoelectrochemical characteristics of these hexagonal metallomacrocycles demonstrate that they can be used as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells.