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1.
Palladium‐Catalyzed γ‐C(sp3)−H Arylation of Thiols by a Detachable Protecting/Directing Group 下载免费PDF全文
Likun Jin Jianchun Wang Prof. Dr. Guangbin Dong 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(38):12352-12355
Reported herein is a palladium‐catalyzed, directed γ‐C(sp3)?H arylation of protected thiols. The key is to utilize Michael acceptors as a dual reagent to install a protecting/directing group on thiols by a thiol‐Michael click reaction, and remove it later under basic conditions. The C?H arylation proceeds with high functional‐group tolerance and the deprotected thiols can be further transformed into other sulfur‐containing compounds. This unique mode of activation could open the door for site‐selective functionalization of thiols or other sulfur‐containing compounds at unactivated positions. 相似文献
2.
Li‐Jun Xiao Kai Hong Fan Luo Liang Hu William R. Ewing Kap‐Sun Yeung Jin‐Quan Yu 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(24):9594-9600
The use of chiral transient directing groups (TDGs) is a promising approach for developing PdII‐catalyzed enantioselective C(sp3)?H activation reactions. However, this strategy is challenging because the stereogenic center on the TDG is often far from the C?H bond, and both TDG covalently attached to the substrate and free TDG are capable of coordinating to PdII centers, which can result in a mixture of reactive complexes. We report a PdII‐catalyzed enantioselective β‐C(sp3)?H arylation reaction of aliphatic ketones using a chiral TDG. A chiral trisubstituted cyclobutane was efficiently synthesized from a mono‐substituted cyclobutane through sequential C?H arylation reactions, thus demonstrating the utility of this method for accessing structurally complex products from simple starting materials. The use of an electron‐deficient pyridone ligand is crucial for the observed enantioselectivity. Interestingly, employing different silver salts can reverse the enantioselectivity. 相似文献
3.
In recent years, transition‐metal‐catalyzed C?H activation has become a key strategy in the field of organic synthesis. Rhodium complexes are widely used as catalysts in a variety of C?H functionalization reactions because of their high reactivity and selectivity. The availability of a number of rhodium complexes in various oxidation states enables diverse reaction patterns to be obtained. Regioselectivity, an important issue in C?H activation chemistry, can be accomplished by using a directing group to assist the reaction. However, to obtain the target functionalized compounds, it is also necessary to use a directing group that can be easily removed. A wide range of directed C?H functionalization reactions catalyzed by rhodium complexes have been reported to date. In this Review, we discuss Rh‐catalyzed C?H functionalization reactions that are aided by the use of a removable directing group such as phenol, amine, aldehyde, ketones, ester, acid, sulfonic acid, and N‐heteroaromatic derivatives. 相似文献
4.
Steric Effect of Carboxylate Ligands on Pd‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H Arylation Reactions 下载免费PDF全文
Yutaka Tanji Naoya Mitsutake Prof. Dr. Tetsuaki Fujihara Prof. Dr. Yasushi Tsuji 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(32):10314-10317
A bulky carboxylic acid bearing three cyclohexylmethyl substituents at the α‐position, namely, tri(cyclohexylmethyl)acetic acid, is demonstrated to act as an efficient ligand source in Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular C(sp2)?H and C(sp3)?H arylation reactions. The reactions proceed smoothly under mild reaction conditions, even at room temperature due to the steric bulk of the carboxylate ligands, which accelerates the rate‐determining C?H bond activation step in the catalytic cycle. 相似文献
5.
Dr. Shengqing Ye Dr. Weibo Yang Timothy Coon Dewey Fanning Tim Neubert Dean Stamos Prof. Dr. Jin‐Quan Yu 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(14):4748-4752
PdII‐catalyzed C(sp3)?H arylation of saturated heterocycles with a wide range of aryl iodides is enabled by an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand. A C(sp3)?H insertion step by the PdII/NHC complex in the absence of ArI is demonstrated experimentally for the first time. Experimental data suggests that the previously established NHC‐mediated Pd0/PdII catalytic manifold does not operate in this reaction. This transformation provides a new approach for diversifying pharmaceutically relevant piperidine and tetrahydropyran ring systems. 相似文献
6.
Guoqin Xia Zhe Zhuang Luo‐Yan Liu Stuart L. Schreiber Bruno Melillo Jin‐Quan Yu 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(20):7783-7787
Despite recent advances, reactivity and site‐selectivity remain significant obstacles for the practical application of C(sp3)?H bond functionalization methods. Here, we describe a system that combines a salicylic‐aldehyde‐derived L,X‐type directing group with an electron‐deficient 2‐pyridone ligand to enable the β‐methylene C(sp3)?H arylation of aliphatic alcohols, which has not been possible previously. Notably, this protocol is compatible with heterocycles embedded in both alcohol substrates and aryl coupling partners. A site‐ and stereo‐specific annulation of dihydrocholesterol and the synthesis of a key intermediate of englitazone illustrate the practicality of this method. 相似文献
7.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Unactivated γ‐Methylene C(sp3)H and δ‐CH Bonds with an Oxazoline‐Carboxylate Auxiliary 下载免费PDF全文
Peng‐Xiang Ling Sheng‐Long Fang Xue‐Song Yin Kai Chen Bo‐Zheng Sun Prof. Dr. Bing‐Feng Shi 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(48):17503-17507
A palladium‐catalyzed arylation of unactivated γ‐methylene C(sp3)?H and remote δ‐C?H bonds by using an oxazoline‐carboxylate directing group has been developed. Arylation occurs with a broad substrate scope and high tolerance of functional groups (i.e., halogen, nitro, cyano, ether, trifluoromethyl, amine, and ester). The oxazoline‐type auxiliary can be removed under acidic conditions. 相似文献
8.
Zhongxing Huang Chengpeng Wang Prof. Dr. Guangbin Dong 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(17):5299-5303
Described is a new hydrazone‐based exo‐directing group (DG) strategy developed for the functionalization of unactivated primary β C?H bonds of aliphatic amines. Conveniently synthesized from protected primary amines, the hydrazone DGs are shown to site‐selectively promote the β‐acetoxylation and tosyloxylation via five‐membered exo‐palladacycles. Amines with a wide scope of skeletons and functional groups are tolerated. Moreover, the hydrazone DG can be readily removed, and a one‐pot C?H acetoxylation/DG removal protocol was also discovered. 相似文献
9.
Thioketone‐Directed Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed C−H Arylation of Ferrocenes with Aryl Boronic Acids 下载免费PDF全文
Zhong‐Jian Cai Chen‐Xu Liu Dr. Qing Gu Prof. Dr. Shu‐Li You 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(5):1296-1299
A palladium(II)‐catalyzed thioketone‐chelation‐assisted direct C?H arylation of ferrocenes is described. With thioketone as an efficient directing group, various monoaryl‐ and diaryl‐substituted thiocarbonylferrocenes were obtained by palladium‐catalyzed direct C?H functionalization in high yields under mild and base‐free reaction conditions. Furthermore, the arylated thiocarbonylferrocene could undergo diverse transformations. 相似文献
10.
Luo‐Yan Liu Jennifer X. Qiao Kap‐Sun Yeung William R. Ewing Jin‐Quan Yu 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(33):13831-13835
Fluorine is known to promote ortho‐C?H metalation. Based upon this reactivity, we employed an activated norbornene that traps the ortho‐palladation intermediate and is then relayed to the meta position, leading to meta‐selective C?H arylation of fluoroarenes. Deuterium experiment suggests that this meta‐arylation is initiated by ortho C?H activation and the catalytic cycle is terminated by C‐2 protonation. A dual‐ligand system is crucial for the observed high reactivity and site selectivity. Applying this approach to simple benzene or other arenes also affords arylation products with good yield and site selectivity. 相似文献
11.
De‐Yao Li Wei Fang Dr. Yin Wei Prof. Dr. Min Shi 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(50):18080-18084
The gold carbene generated from vinylidenecyclopropanes (VDCPs) can smoothly perform a C(sp3)?H bond insertion reaction, stereoselectively affording the intramolecular C(sp3)?H bond functionalized product, benzoxepine, with syn‐configuration in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. The KIE investigation on this bond functionalization partially revealed that the carbene insertion step might be rate‐determining. Using a chiral gold(I) catalyst, the first example on the asymmetric variant of gold carbene insertion into C(sp3)?H bond has been disclosed, giving the desired products with excellent results. 相似文献
12.
Ru‐Yi Zhu Marcus E. Farmer Yan‐Qiao Chen Prof. Jin‐Quan Yu 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(36):10578-10599
Achieving selective C?H activation at a single and strategic site in the presence of multiple C?H bonds can provide a powerful and generally useful retrosynthetic disconnection. In this context, a directing group serves as a compass to guide the transition metal to C?H bonds by using distance and geometry as powerful recognition parameters to distinguish between proximal and distal C?H bonds. However, the installation and removal of directing groups is a practical drawback. To improve the utility of this approach, one can seek solutions in three directions: 1) Simplifying the directing group, 2) using common functional groups or protecting groups as directing groups, and 3) attaching the directing group to substrates via a transient covalent bond to render the directing group catalytic. This Review describes the rational development of an extremely simple and yet broadly applicable directing group for PdII, RhIII, and RuII catalysts, namely the N‐methoxy amide (CONHOMe) moiety. Through collective efforts in the community, a wide range of C?H activation transformations using this type of simple directing group have been developed. 相似文献
13.
Dr. Ryo Murakami Kentaro Sano Dr. Tomohiro Iwai Prof. Dr. Tohru Taniguchi Prof. Dr. Kenji Monde Prof. Dr. Masaya Sawamura 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(30):9465-9469
The palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric side‐chain C(α)‐allylation of 2‐alkylpyridines, without using an external base, was developed. The high linear selectivities and enantioselectivities were achieved using new chiral diamidophosphite monodentate ligands. Given that the reaction conditions do not require an external base, this catalyst system enabled chemoselective C(α)‐allylation of 2‐alkylpyridines containing α‐carbonyl C?H bonds, which are more acidic than α‐pyridyl C?H bonds. 相似文献
14.
Chiral Bifunctional Phosphine‐Carboxylate Ligands for Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C−H Arylation 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Lei Yang Dr. Markus Neuburger Prof. Dr. Olivier Baudoin 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(5):1394-1398
Previous enantioselective Pd0‐catalyzed C?H activation reactions proceeding via the concerted metalation‐deprotonation mechanism employed either a chiral ancillary ligand, a chiral base, or a bimolecular mixture thereof. This study describes the development of new chiral bifunctional ligands based on a binaphthyl scaffold which incorporates both a phosphine and a carboxylic acid moiety. The optimal ligand provided high yields and enantioselectivities for a desymmetrizing C(sp2)?H arylation leading to 5,6‐dihydrophenanthridines, whereas the corresponding monofunctional ligands showed low enantioselectivities. The bifunctional system proved applicable to a range of substituted dihydrophenanthridines, and allowed the parallel kinetic resolution of racemic substrates. 相似文献
15.
16.
Kiron Kumar Ghosh Alexander Uttry Arup Mondal Francesca Ghiringhelli Philipp Wedi Manuel van Gemmeren 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(31):12848-12852
We report the ligand‐enabled C?H activation/olefination of free carboxylic acids in the γ‐position. Through an intramolecular Michael addition, δ‐lactones are obtained as products. Two distinct ligand classes are identified that enable the challenging palladium‐catalyzed activation of free carboxylic acids in the γ‐position. The developed protocol features a wide range of acid substrates and olefin reaction partners and is shown to be applicable on a preparatively useful scale. Insights into the underlying reaction mechanism obtained through kinetic studies are reported. 相似文献
17.
Quan Gou Yu‐Wen Yang Zi‐Ning Liu Prof. Jun Qin 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(45):16057-16061
The first example of intermolecular amination of unactivated C(sp3)?H bonds by cyclic alkylamines mediated by Cu(OAc)2/O2 is reported. This method avoids the use of benzoyloxyamines as the aminating reagent, which are normally prepared from alkylamines in extra steps. A variety of unnatural β2, 2‐amino acid analogues are synthesized by this simple and efficient procedure. This approach offers a solution to the previous unmet challenge of C(sp3)?H/N?H activation for the formation of C(sp3)?N bonds. 相似文献
18.
Santhivardhana Reddy Yetra Torben Rogge Svenja Warratz Julia Struwe Wentao Peng Philipp Vana Lutz Ackermann 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2019,58(22):7490-7494
Chemoselective C?H arylations were accomplished through micellar catalysis by a versatile single‐component ruthenium catalyst. The strategy provided expedient access to C?H‐arylated ferrocenes with wide functional‐group tolerance and ample scope through weak chelation assistance. The sustainability of the C?H arylation was demonstrated by outstanding atom‐economy and recycling studies. Detailed computational studies provided support for a facile C?H activation through thioketone assistance. 相似文献
19.
2‐Methylphenyl ketones undergo site‐selective acylation at the benzylic position when treated with acid anhydride under UV irradiation in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The benzoyl carbonyl group serves as the photo‐directing group so that the ortho benzylic C?H bond is activated site‐selectively. 相似文献
20.
Hua‐Jie Jiang Xiu‐Mei Zhong Zi‐Ye Liu Rui‐Long Geng Yang‐Yang Li Yun‐Dong Wu Xinhao Zhang Liu‐Zhu Gong 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(31):12774-12778
A hybrid palladium catalyst assembled from a chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) and thioamide enables a highly efficient and enantioselective β‐C(sp3)?H functionalization of thioamides (up to 99 % yield, 97 % ee). A kinetic resolution of unsymmetrical thioamides by intermolecular C(sp3)?H arylation can be achieved with high s‐factors. Mechanistic investigations have revealed that stereocontrol is achieved by embedding the substrate in a robust chiral cavity defined by the bulky CPA and a neutral thioamide ligand. 相似文献