PANI／Ce（OH）3-Pr2O3·3H2O／NanoG复合材料制备与表征

开发了反胶束模板-原位聚合纳米复合法制备聚苯胺（PANI）／Ce（OH）3-Pr2O3·3H2O／石墨纳米薄片（NanoG）纳米复合材料的方法。膨胀石墨在乙醇水溶液中经超声处理制得石墨纳米薄片,以苯胺的氯仿溶液为油相,稀土金属离子Pr^3＋、Ce^3＋水溶液为水相,依靠表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）自组装形成的反胶束为模板。制备PANI／Ce（OH）3-Pr2O3·3H2O／NanoG复合材料。利用红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）和X-射线衍射（XRD）对该复合材料进行了表征和分析,研究了其导电性能和热性能。结果表明,PANI／Ce（OH）3-Pr2O3·3H2O／NanoG复合材料各相分散均匀,稀土纳米粒子在体系中以棒状的形态分布。热重分析表明,该复合材料的热稳定性明显提高;导电性研究说明,石墨纳米薄片的特殊的结构（较大的径厚比）对其在聚合物基体中形成导电网络具有重要作用：PANI／Pr2O3-Ce（OH）3/NanoG纳米复合材料的渗滤阀值低于1.0wt％。     

锰酸镧电极渗透钴改性的机制研究

通过热重分析和电化学阻抗谱研究相结合,研究了Co渗透对锶掺杂锰酸镧-钇稳定氧化锆（LSM-YSZ）复合电极性能影响的机制.Co渗透用前驱硝酸盐的热分析表明,Co（NO3）2的分解产物在600～750 ℃温度范围内有一个明显的失重过程,该失重过程对应Co2O3分解为Co3O4,在高于900 ℃的失重对应Co3O4分解为CoO,降温过程中850 ℃附近的增重对应CoO吸氧成Co3O4,电化学阻抗谱的结果与热分析结果对应,表现为在有Co的氧化物变相时非欧姆阻抗有明显降低,没有氧化物变化时非欧姆阻抗无降低,这种对应关系表明,Co渗透对LSM-YSZ电极的改善作用主要来自于在温度变化过程中Co氧化物的分解和氧化带来的LSM-YSZ电极体系内氧的变化.     

微波水热时间对C/C复合材料结构和抗氧化性能的影响

以磷酸、B4C和Al2O3为原料,采用一种新的微波水热法对C/C复合材料基体进行了抗氧化改性,重点研究了微波水热时间对改性试样物相组成、微观结构和抗氧化性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散谱仪(EDS)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对改性后试样进行了表征。结果表明:改性后复合材料表面覆盖了一层由熔融态的HPO3、B2O3和结晶的Al(PO3)3、微量B4C粒子组成的涂层。经60~120 min的微波水热改性,复合材料的抗氧化性能随着微波水热处理时间的延长而改善,达到一定程度后,其变化不再明显。微波水热处理100 min后的试样抗氧化性能最佳,在600℃静态空气气氛下氧化16 h后,氧化失重仅为9.5×10-4 g.cm-2,氧化失重速率维持在4.46×10-5 g.cm-2.h-1的极低水平。     

复合氧化物CeO2-Co3O4催化氧化CO的性能

以共沉淀法制备CeO2-Co3O4复合氧化物，研究复合氧化物CeO2-Co3O4低温催化氧化CO的性能。通过采用热重分析（TG）、比表面积测试（BET）、X射线衍射分析（XRD）、程序升温还原（TPR）以及原位红外漫反射（FT-IR）等表征手段，详细探讨了铈含量对于复合氧化物CeO2-Co3O4低温催化氧化CO性能的影响。结果表明：复合氧化物CeO2-Co3O4催化氧化CO的性能明显优于单一氧化物CeO2和CO3O4，     

利用热分析质谱联用技术(TA-MS)分析比较配合物及双配合物的热分解行为——介绍一个综合性研究型化学实验

应用热分析．质谱联用技术考察了反式-[Co（en）2Cl2]Cl、K3[Fe（C2O4）3]·3H2O配合物以及相应的双配合物——反式-[Co（en）2Cl2]3[Fe（C2O4）3]·4．5H2O的程序升温热分解行为。通过对样品的热失重分析、逸出气体的质谱分析以及固相产物的物相分析,了解其热分解过程机理,比较了在受热过程中反式-[Co（en）2Cl2]Cl、K3[Fe（C2O4）3]·3H2O配合物和双配合物的过渡金属离子与配体之间以及配体与配体之间的相互作用的变化。     

Fe3O4-PMMA复合纳米微球的制备与表征

采用化学共沉淀法合成了超顺磁Fe3O4纳米粒子,并采用油酸和油酸钠对其表面进行修饰,制备了可稳定分散于水中的磁流体。以该磁流体为种子,通过一步乳液聚合制备了表面带有功能化羧基的Fe3O4-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合纳米微球（Fe3O4-PMMA）。利用动态光散射、透射电镜观察、傅里叶红外光谱、热失重分析、振动样品磁强计测试等手段表征了复合微球的尺寸、形态、结构、组成和磁性能。结果表明,复合微球的平均直径约120nm,表面带有羧基功能基团,在室温下具有超顺磁性和较高的饱和磁化强度。     

P3/4HB和滑石粉复合增韧填充PLA的研究

通过熔融共混法制备了可完全生物降解的聚乳酸/聚(3-羟基丁酸-co-4-羟基丁酸共聚酯)/滑石粉(PLA/P3/4HB/滑石粉)复合材料,利用万能试验机、扫描电子显微镜、熔体流动速率仪、差示扫描量热仪及热失重分析仪等测试研究了偶联剂处理以及滑石粉含量对PLA/P3/4HB/滑石粉复合材料的力学性能、界面相容性、熔体流动性和结晶性能的影响。结果表明,当滑石粉填充量较少时,偶联剂处理对复合材料的性能影响不大,但当滑石粉填充量较高时,经过偶联剂处理后的滑石粉能显著提高复合材料的熔体流动速率和冲击强度,PLA/P3/4HB/处理滑石粉复合材料的拉伸强度也保持在36.9MPa以上,结晶性能也有所提升,复合材料具有良好的综合性能。     

磁性固相萃取结合GC－MS检测烟叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

该文基于β-环糊精（β-CD）的磁性复合材料（Fe3O4@SiO2@β-CD）建立了磁固相萃取结合气相色谱－质谱法同时检测烟草中联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯4种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的分析方法,对比了键合不同环糊精衍生物的复合材料（Fe3O4@SiO2@α-CD、Fe3O4@SiO2@β-CD和Fe3O4@SiO2@γ-CD）对4种拟除虫菊酯类农药的吸附性能,发现Fe3O4@SiO2@β-CD对4种目标分析物具有最高的萃取率。并采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射仪和微孔吸附材料分析测试仪对制备的磁性材料进行表征,考察了萃取时间、解吸时间、解吸溶剂、溶液pH值和盐离子浓度等对磁性复合材料萃取性能的影响,通过萃取容量实验研究经β-CD修饰前后的磁性复合材料对萃取性能的变化。结果显示,相比于未经修饰的Fe3O4和Fe3O4@SiO2,Fe3O4@SiO2@β-CD的萃取能力显著提升,该磁性复合材料Fe3O4@SiO2@β-CD可用于烟叶样品中4种拟除虫菊酯类农药的测定,线性范围为0.1～3.0 mg/kg,相关系数为0.998 1～0.999 8,检出限均为0.03 mg/kg,定量下限均为0.1 mg/kg,3个加标水平下的回收率为65.9%～107%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n = 3）为0.70%～12%。方法可用于烟叶中联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯4种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的检测。     

Cu/La2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂的制备及其对NO选择性还原的催化性能

采用将Al（NO3）3、La（NO3）3和ZrOCl2的混合液滴入沉淀剂（NH4）2CO3中的共沉淀法制备La2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体,然后负载上Cu2＋,制成Cu/La2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂。考察了该催化剂在富氧条件下对C3H6选择还原NO的催化性能,并借助扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、比表面积测定（BET）、吡啶吸附红外光谱（Py-IR）、程序升温还原（TPR）和热重分析（TG）等方法研究催化剂制备方法与结构、性能的关系。实验结果表明,采用将Al（NO3）3滴入（NH4）2CO3制得的γ-Al2O3能有效地增大催化剂的比表面积,加入La2O3能提高催化剂的热稳定性,加入ZrO2能大幅度增加催化剂表面L酸和B酸的酸量。因此,采用共沉淀法制备的La2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体能够使Cu/La2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂具有良好的催化性能,最佳催化活性温度为300℃,NO最大转化率高达88.9%,在有10%水蒸气存在的情况下,仍可达81.9%。     

Fe_2O_3/聚糠醛纳米复合材料的制备及光催化性能

以Fe(NO3)3·9H2O和糠醛(FD)为原料,通过聚合-热转化两步法制备了Fe2O3/聚糠醛(PFD)纳米复合材料,用TEM、XRD、XPS和UV-Vis等技术对其尺寸、结构及吸光特性等进行了表征。在自然光、室温条件下,以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的催化脱色降解为模型反应,考察了其光催化性能以及热转化温度对催化性能的影响。结果表明,利用该法可以得到纳米级的、相间以强相互相用结合的有机-无机复合材料Fe2O3/PFD,该纳米材料对紫外-可见区的全程光波有强的吸收;热转化条件对复合材料的结构、催化性能等有很大影响,在300℃下处理35min所得的纳米复合材料在自然光条件下具有最佳的催化性能,25min即可使MB溶液完全脱色,并且重复使用3次仍可使MB溶液的脱色率保持在75.0%以上。而在相同条件下,纳米Fe2O3仅能使MB的脱色率达到5.8%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.