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化学战剂检测技术的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据文献报道,评述了1979-2009年以来化学战剂测定方法的研究。介绍了不同维数化学传感器的基本原理,及其在化学战剂检测中的应用(引用文献54篇)。 相似文献
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采用平板式差分离子迁移谱(DMS)和迁移时间离子迁移谱(DTIMS)联用技术(DMS-IMS2)对典型化学战剂模拟物甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)和水杨酸甲酯(MS)进行测定。实验结果表明,在载气800 mL/min,DMS射频电压1100 V条件下,DMS-IMS2在DIMS模式能够实现DMMP和MS两种化学战剂模拟物的有效识别和检测。另外,DMS-IMS2能够实现DMMP和MS正、负离子的同时检测,同时获得DMMP和MS的DMS补偿电压(CV)和IMS迁移时间(Td)的二维分离信息,为两种化学战剂模拟物的准确鉴定提供更多的信息。DMS-IMS2具有二维分析能力、可同时分析正负离子、响应速度快、体积小、功耗低等优点,在现场检测中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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高效液相色谱-质谱甄别七种化学战剂相关化合物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS)甄别7种化学战剂相关化合物的分析方法,采用C18柱分离了包括酸性、中性和碱性在内的7种化学战剂相关化合物,选择离子监测法(SIM)测定这7种化合物的检出限在0.01—1mg/L之间。利用HPLC~APCI^ MS测定了4种土壤中的双(2-羟乙基)亚砜,此方法回收率大于93%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于4%. 相似文献
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<正>化学战剂是指在战争中用以杀伤对方有生力量、牵制和扰乱对方军事行动的有毒物质。从第一次世界大战到2013年的叙利亚化学武器袭击事件,化学战剂的使用给人民生命安全带来了巨大的威胁。神经性毒剂和糜烂性毒剂是两类主要的化学战剂,前者是一类磷酸酯类化合物,主要通过水解破坏P―X键而降解~1。芥子气(二(2-氯乙基) 相似文献
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有机磷神经性毒剂(OPNA)是一类速杀性化学战剂,人员中毒后通过溯源检测来确定OPNA种类和剂量对于毒剂使用指证和人员救治非常重要。当前大部分溯源检测方法灵敏度高、特异性好,但因依赖大型设备限于实验室,不便于现场检测。随着现场快速检测(POCT)技术的发展和新识别分子的开发,大量OPNA中毒溯源现场检测技术被建立和应用。本文主要基于胆碱酯酶活性抑制、特异性识别和直接生化反应原理从3方面分析总结了OPNA中毒溯源POCT技术的研究进展和应用,展望了其未来发展趋势。 相似文献
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石英晶体微天平(QCM)作为一种质量敏感型传感器已广泛用于气体检测、气体成分分析、环境监测、免疫分析、军事化学等领域[1],其原理是依靠晶体表面涂覆的膜材料吸附气体的量所引起的频率变化来实现的,因而其性能很大程度上取决于膜材料的特性.乙基纤维素已用于化学战剂及其模拟剂的检测[2-3],但尚未见有文献对其粘度影响进行具体研究.本文在前期工作基础上[3],详细研究了不同粘度的乙基纤维素作为QCM膜材料对甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)检测的影响,为传感器及膜材料在军事化学中的应用提供了方法和依据. 相似文献
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The use of thermospray-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the verification of chemical warfare agents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Thermospray-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (TSP-LC-MS) is a relatively new analytical technique which proved to be useful for the verification of chemical warfare agents and their polar degradation products in aqueous solutions. The principles of the technique are described and comparisons are made with other forms of mass spectrometric analysis. A survey is presented of the results obtained so far at the Prins Maurits Laboratory TNO. The analysis of organophosphorus nerve agents and their hydrolysis products (organophosphorus acids) in various types of water is described. Special attention is paid to the nerve agent VX. Direct analysis of vesicants in water by TSP-LC-MS is limited. However, analysis of their hydrolysis products, as well as related compounds such as adducts of mustard gas with nucleosides and peptides, is possible. Finally, the use of TSP-LC-MS for the analysis of other compounds of chemical warfare interest (toxins) is indicated. 相似文献
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Burnworth M Rowan SJ Weder C 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2007,13(28):7828-7836
Along with biological and nuclear threats, chemical warfare agents are some of the most feared weapons of mass destruction. Compared to nuclear weapons they are relatively easy to access and deploy, which makes them in some aspects a greater threat to national and global security. A particularly hazardous class of chemical warfare agents are the nerve agents. Their rapid and severe effects on human health originate in their ability to block the function of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that is vital to the central nervous system. This article outlines recent activities regarding the development of molecular sensors that can visualize the presence of nerve agents (and related pesticides) through changes of their fluorescence properties. Three different sensing principles are discussed: enzyme-based sensors, chemically reactive sensors, and supramolecular sensors. Typical examples are presented for each class and different fluorescent sensors for the detection of chemical warfare agents are summarized and compared. 相似文献
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Smith BM 《Chemical Society reviews》2008,37(3):470-478
This tutorial review--which should particularly appeal to chemists, biochemists, and molecular biologists interested in catalysis, redox processes, and enzymology--summarizes the recent progress toward developing catalysts capable of destroying one or more of the classical chemical warfare agents under ambient conditions. Specifically, we explore the reactions of sulfur mustard, the G-series of organophosphorus nerve agents including sarin and soman, and the organophosphorus nerve agent, VX. Catalysts range from metal-centered oxidation catalysts to engineered catalytic antibodies. 相似文献
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Together with detection and use of protective clothing, decontamination is the third important part in NBC defence and NBC protection. Enzymes play an important role in the research field of new and environmentally friendly decontaminants. In 1946, organophosphate cleaving enzymes were first mentioned, and in the next decades further enzymes (i.e., DFPase) against G‐type nerve agents were discovered. After the cloning of the DFPase gene sequence in the 90s, the potential of DFPase as an environmentally friendly decontaminant was shown. In technical decontamination experiments, it was shown that the conditions for an enzyme‐based decontamination concept could be met for one class of chemical agents. However, the success of a general enzyme decontamination concept depends on the discovery of new enzymes against other classes of chemical agents, i.e., mustard and VX. 相似文献
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Arduini F Amine A Moscone D Ricci F Palleschi G 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2007,388(5-6):1049-1057
The nerve agents are chemical warfare agents known to be used during terrorist attacks. An inexpensive and portable system
to be used by first responders and military personnel is of interest owing to the continuing threat of possible terrorist
attacks. Amperometric biosensors based on cholinesterase inhibition show such potentialities. In this work butyrylcholinesterase
was immobilized onto screen-printed electrodes modified with Prussian blue and the nerve agent detection was performed by
measuring the residual activity of enzyme. The optimized biosensor was tested with sarin and VX standard solutions, showing
detection limits of 12 and 14 ppb (10% of inhibition), respectively. The enzymatic inhibition was also obtained by exposing
the biosensors to sarin in gas phase. Two different concentrations of sarin gas (0.1 and 0.5 mg m−3) at different incubation times (from 30 s up to 10 min) were tested. It is possible to detect sarin at a concentration of
0.1 mg m−3 with 30-s incubation time, with a degree of inhibition of 34%, which match the legal limits (immediate danger to life and
health). 相似文献
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Robinson Anandakathir Umaprasana Ojha Earl T. Ada Rudolf Faust Jayant Kumar 《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(12):1217-1222
In this paper, we report the synthesis of stilbene-based fluorophore, 3,4-dihydroxy-4′-aminostilbene (DHAS) for the detection of chemical warfare agents such as organophosphorus nerve gases. DHAS was characterized by various spectroscopic methods and grafted on to electrospun nanofibers. The interaction of DHAS with nerve agents simulant, diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP) was investigated in solution and vapor phase by fluorescence spectroscopy. 相似文献
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Detoxification of Chemical Warfare Agents Using a Zr6‐Based Metal–Organic Framework/Polymer Mixture
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Dr. Su‐Young Moon Emmanuel Proussaloglou Gregory W. Peterson Dr. Jared B. DeCoste Morgan G. Hall Dr. Ashlee J. Howarth Prof. Joseph T. Hupp Prof. Omar K. Farha 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(42):14864-14868
Owing to their high surface area, periodic distribution of metal sites, and water stability, zirconium‐based metal–organic frameworks (Zr6‐MOFs) have shown promising activity for the hydrolysis of nerve agents GD and VX, as well as the simulant, dimethyl 4‐nitrophenylphosphate (DMNP), in buffered solutions. A hurdle to using MOFs for this application is the current need for a buffer solution. Here the destruction of the simulant DMNP, as well as the chemical warfare agents (GD and VX) through hydrolysis using a MOF catalyst mixed with a non‐volatile, water‐insoluble, heterogeneous buffer is reported. The hydrolysis of the simulant and nerve agents in the presence of the heterogeneous buffer was fast and effective. 相似文献
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Adam M. Graichen Richard W. Vachet 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2013,24(6):917-925
The gas-phase reactions of a series of coordinatively unsaturated [Ni(L)n]y+ complexes, where L is a nitrogen-containing ligand, with chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants in a miniature rectilinear ion trap mass spectrometer were investigated as part of a new approach to detect CWAs. Results show that upon entering the vacuum system via a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane introduction, low concentrations of several CWA simulants, including dipropyl sulfide (simulant for mustard gas), acetonitrile (simulant for the nerve agent tabun), and diethyl phosphite (simulant for nerve agents sarin, soman, tabun, and VX), can react with metal complex ions generated by electrospray ionization (ESI), thereby providing a sensitive means of detecting these compounds. The [Ni(L)n]2+ complexes are found to be particularly reactive with the simulants of mustard gas and tabun, allowing their detection at low parts-per-billion (ppb) levels. These detection limits are well below reported exposure limits for these CWAs, which indicates the applicability of this new approach, and are about two orders of magnitude lower than electron ionization detection limits on the same mass spectrometer. The use of coordinatively unsaturated metal complexes as reagent ions offers the possibility of further tuning the ion-molecule chemistry so that desired compounds can be detected selectively or at even lower concentrations. Figure
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Kubáň P Seiman A Makarõtševa N Vaher M Kaljurand M 《Journal of chromatography. A》2011,1218(18):2618-2625
Rapid, efficient and robust methods for sampling and extracting genuine nerve agents sarin, soman and VX were developed for analyzing these compounds on various solid matrices, such as concrete, tile, soil and vegetation. A portable capillary electrophoretic (CE) system with contactless conductometric detection was used for the in situ analysis of the extracted samples. A 7.5 mM MES/HIS-based separation electrolyte accomplished the analysis of target analytes in less than 5 min. The overall duration of the process including instrument start-up, sample extraction and analysis was less than 10 min, which is the fastest screening of nerve agents achieved with liquid phase separation methods to date. The procedure can easily be performed by a person in a protective suit and is therefore suitable for real-life applications. The CE results were validated by an independent GC-MS method and a satisfactory correlation was obtained. The use of a proper sampling strategy with two internal standards and "smart" data-processing software can overcome the low reproducibility of CE. This has a significant impact on the potential acceptance of portable CE instrumentation for the detection and analysis of genuine chemical warfare agents (CWA). 相似文献