Studying of hypernuclei with nuclotron beams

A spectrometer is created to study relativistic hypernuclei produced with beams of accelerated nuclei from the Nuclotron facility (Dubna, JINR). Test runs have been carried out and the conclusion is drawn that the properties of the facility meet the requirements of the task of searching for unknown and studying poorly known neutron-rich hypernuclei. Original Russian Text ? A.V. Averyanov, S.A. Avramenko, V.D. Aksinenko, M.Kh. Anikina, S.N. Bazylev, V.P. Balandin, Yu.A. Batusov, Yu.A. Belikov, Yu.T. Borzunov, O.V. Borodina, A.I. Golokhvastov, L.B. Golovanov, C. Granja, A.B. Ivanov, Yu.L. Ivanov, A.Yu. Isupov, Z. Kohout, A.M. Korotkova, A.G. Litvinenko, J. Lukstiņš, A.I. Malakhov, L. Majling, O. Majlingova, P.K. Manyakov, V.T. Matyushin, I.I. Migulina, G.P. Nikolaevsky, O.B. Okhrimenko, A.N. Parfenov, N.G. Parfenova, V.F. Peresedov, S.N. Plyashkevich, S. Pospišil, P.A. Rukoyatkin, I.S. Saitov, R.A. Salmin, V.M. Slepnev, I.V. Slepnev, M. Solar, B. Sopko, V. Sopko, E.A. Strokovsky, V.V. Tereshchenko, A.A. Feshchenko, T. Horazdovsky, D. Chren, Yu.A. Chencov, I.P. Yudin, 2008, published in Yadernaya Fizika, 2008, Vol. 71, No. 12, pp. 2137–2145.     

The Lake Baikal neutrino experiment

We review the present status of the Baikal neutrino experiment. The structure and parameters of the neutrino telescope NT-200, which was put into operation in April 1998, are described. Selected methodological results are presented. Physics results cover separating up-going muons from atmospheric neutrinos, searches for neutrino events from WIMP annihilation, searches for magnetic monopoles, and high-energy neutrinos. From Yadernaya Fizika, Vol. 66, No. 3, 2003, pp. 530–535. Original English Text Copyright ? 2003 by Balkanov, Belolaptikov, Bezrukov, Budnev, Chensky, Danilchenko, Dzhilkibaev, Domogatsky, Fialkovsky, Gaponenko, O. Gress, T. Gress, Il'yasov, Klabukov, Klimov, Klimushin, Koshechkin, Konischev, Kulepov, Kuzmichev, Kuznetsov, Lubsandorzhiev, Micheev, Milenin, Mirgazov, Moseiko, Osipova, Panfilov, Pan'kov Parfenov, Pavlov, Pliskovsky, Pokhil, Poleshuk, Popova, Prosin, Rosanov, Rubzov, Semenei, Spiering, Streicher, Tarashansky, Vasiliev, Wischnewski, Yashin, Zhukov. This article was submitted by the authors in English.     

MACRO, a large-area detector at the Gran Sasso Laboratory

Summary MACRO is a large-area detector to be installed in hall B of the Gran Sasso Laboratory. Making use of scintillation counters, plastic streamer tubes, and track-etch detectors, it is designed to search for superheavy magnetic monopoles beyond the Parker bound, high-energy gamma and neutrino cosmic sourcs, and, more in general, exotic phenomena in the cosmic radiation. MACTO is an acronym for Monopole, Astrophysics and Cosmic Ray Observatory. The present collaboration: Bari(**)C. De Marzo, O. Erriquez, N. Giglietto andF. Posa. Bologna(**):M. Attolini, F. Baldetti, G. Giacomelli, F. Grianti, A. Margiotta andP. Serra. Caltech:B. Barish, C. Lane andG. Liu. CERN:P. Musset, G. Poulard andH. Sletten. Drexel:R. Steinberg. Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN:G. Battistoni, H. Bilokon, C. Bloise, P. Campana, V. Chiarella, A. Ciocio, A. Grillo, E. Iarocci, A. Marini, A. Rindi, F. Ronga, L. Satta, M. Spinetti, L. Trasatti andV. Valente. Indiana:S. Ahlen, B. Brabson, R. Heinz, S. Mufson, H. Ogren andP. Smith. Michigan:J. Musser, J. Stone, L. Sulak andG. Tarlé. Pisa(**):C. Angelini, A. Baldini, C. Bemporad, A. Cnops, V. Flaminio, G. Giannini, R. Pazzi andB. Saitta. Roma(**):G. Auriemma, M. De Vincenzi, E. Lamanna, G. Martellotti, S. Petrera, L. Petrillo, P. Pistilli, G. Rosa, A. Sciubba andM. Severi. Texas A&M:R. Webb. Torino:M. Arneodo, G. Borreani, P. Giubellino, F. Marchetto, A. Marzari, S. Palestini andL. Ramello.Virginia Tech:S. Torres andP. Trower. (**) Sezione INFN e Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università.     

Nanoscale oscillatory fracture propagation in metallic glasses

We describe the oscillatory crack propagation for small propagation velocities at the atomistic scale that was recently observed for brittle metallic glasses [G. Wang, Y.T. Wang, Y.H. Liu, M.X. Pan, D.Q. Zhao, W.H. Wang, Appl. Lett. 89 (2006) 121909; G. Wang, D.Q. Zhao, H.Y. Bai, M.X. Pan, A.L. Xia, B.S. Han, X.K. Xi, Y. Wu, W.H. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007) 235501]. Based on a simple model of crack propagation [Y. Braiman, T. Egami, Phys. Rev. E, 77 (2008) 065101(R)], we derived and analyzed expressions for the feature size, oscillation period, and maximum strain accumulated in the material.     

Intranuclear cascade in the interactions of neutrinos with neon nuclei

A method is developed for separating νN interactions from interactions involving an intranuclear cascade in νNe scattering at a mean neutrino energy of 145 GeV. The fraction of events featuring a cascade is evaluated by using a sample of νNe charged-current interactions. It is found that the multiplicity of charged particles in the forward direction takes the same value for events with and without a cascade for 4<W ²<550 GeV². In the backward direction, cascade events have the charge multiplicity higher than the multiplicity for cascade-free events by 2.36 units. It is found that particles with momenta less than 2 GeV/c make a dominant contribution to the rescattering process. A depletion of the fastest particles for W ²<50 GeV² is observed, in accord with the formation-time concept. From Yadernaya Fizika, Vol. 63, No. 9, 2000, pp. 1660–1669. Original English Text Copyright ? 2000 by Vataga, Murzin, Aderholz, Ammosov, Asratian, Barth, Bingham, Brucker, Burnstein, Chatterjee, Clayton, Ermolov, Erofeeva, Faulkner, Gapienko, Guy, Hanlon, Harigel, Ivanilov, Jain, G. Jones, M. Jones, Kafka, Kaftanov, Kalelkar, Kohli, Korablev, Kubantsev, Lauko, Lukina, Lys, Lyutov, Marage, Milburn, Mittra, Morrison, Moskalev, Myatt, Naon, Passmore, Peters, Rubin, Sacton, Schneps, J. Singh, S. Singh, Smart, Smirnova, Stamer, Varvell, Venus, Willocq. This article was submitted by the authors in English. Deceased. The author represents the E632 Collaboration     

Femtosecond index change mechanisms and morphology of SiC crystalline materials

Femtosecond lasers have a unique ability of processing bulk transparent materials for various applications such as micromachining, waveguide manufacturing, and photonic bandgap structures just to name a few. These applications depend on the formation of micron or submicron size features that are known to be index modifications to the bulk substrate [H. Guo, H. Jiang, Y. Fang, C. Peng, H. Yang, Y. Li, Q. Gong, J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 6 (2004) 787]. To the best of our knowledge the physical understanding of how these index-modified features are formed is still unknown, but many good theories exist such as Petite et al. [G. Petite, P. Daguzan, S. Guizard, P. Martin, in: IEEE Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, vol. 15, IEEE, 1995, pp. 40-44] or Tien et al. [A. Tien, S. Backus, H. Kapteyn, M. Murnane, G. Mourou, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 3883]. In this Letter the question on the physical cause for index changes is investigated by the combined efforts between Wright-Patterson AFB (WPAFB) and the University of Dayton (UD) using numerous imaging equipment such as TEM, AFM, NSOM, Nomarski microscopy, X-ray crystallography, Raman spectroscopy, and even diffraction efficiency experiments. With all the combined imaging equipment this research is able to present valuable data and deduce plausible theories of the physics of the index modification mechanism.     

Structure and electromagnetic properties of hot-pressed La0.65Sr0.35Mn1 ? x Cr x O3 manganites under different synthesis conditions

The effect of hot pressing conditions on the characteristics of the crystalline and magnetic structures of Cr-doped lanthanum-strontium manganites has been investigated for the first time using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, magneto-optical visualization of magnetic flux, ferromagnetic resonance, and magnetic measurements. It is shown that application of pressure during sintering affects the concentration of differentvalence ions and structural vacancies and phase separation in the manganites studied. Original Russian Text ? N.A. Vybornov, F.D. Aliev, V.K. Karpasyuk, A.A. Pankratov, A.V. Saitov, V.V. Senin, S.G. Titova, L.S. Uspenskaya, 2008, published in Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Fizicheskaya, 2008, Vol. 72, No. 10, pp. 1506–1509.     

Physics potential and experimental challenges of the LHC luminosity upgrade

We discuss the physics potential and the experimental challenges of an upgraded LHC running at an instantaneous luminosity of 10³⁵ cm^-2s^-1. The detector R&D needed to operate ATLAS and CMS in a very high radiation environment and the expected detector performance are discussed. A few examples of the increased physics potential are given, ranging from precise measurements within the Standard Model (in particular in the Higgs sector) to the discovery reach for several New Physics processes. Received: 25 November 2003, Revised: 21 October 2004, Published online: 18 January 2005 Conveners: F. Gianotti, M.L. Mangano, T. Virdee Contributors: S. Abdullin, G. Azuelos, A. Ball, D. Barberis, A. Belyaev, P. Bloch, M. Bosman, L. Casagrande, D. Cavalli, P. Chumney, S. Cittolin, S.Dasu, A. De Roeck, N. Ellis, P. Farthouat, D. Fournier, J.-B. Hansen, I. Hinchliffe, M. Hohlfeld, M. Huhtinen, K. Jakobs, C. Joram, F. Mazzucato, G.Mikenberg, A. Miagkov, M. Moretti, S. Moretti, T. Niinikoski, A. Nikitenko, A. Nisati, F. Paige, S. Palestini, C.G. Papadopoulos, F. Piccinini, R. Pittau, G. Polesello, E. Richter-Was, P. Sharp, S.R. Slabospitsky, W.H. Smith, S. Stapnes, G. Tonelli, E. Tsesmelis, Z. Usubov, L. Vacavant, J. van der Bij, A. Watson, M. Wielers A. Nikitenko: On leave of absence from ITEP, Moscow, Russia. F. Piccinini: On leave of absence from INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Italy.     

Pair-Breaking Critical Current Density of Two-Band Superconductor MgB2

[1]J. Nagamatsu, N. Nakagava, T. Muranaka, Y. Zenitani,and J. Akimitsu, Nature 410 (2001) 63. [2]C. Buzea and T. Yamashita, Supercond. Sci. Techn. 14(2001) R115. [3]S. Budko, G. Lapertot, C. Petrovic, C.E. Gunningham, N.Anderson, and P.C. Canfield, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001)1877. [4]H. Kotegawa, K. Ishida, Y. Kitaoka, T. Muranaka, and J. Akimitsu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 127001. [5]J. Kortus, I.I. Mazin, K.D. Belashchenko, V.P. Antropov,and L.L. Boyer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 4656. [6]A. Liu, I.I. Mazin, and J. Kortus, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87(2001) 087005. [7]X.K. Chen, M.J. Konstantinovich, J.C. Irwin, D.D.Lawrie, and J.P. Frank, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001)157002. [8]H. Giublio, D. Roditchev, W. Sacks, R. Lamy, D.X.Thanh, J. Kleins, S. Miraglia, D. Fruchart, J. Markus,and P. Monod, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 177008. [9]F. Bouquet, R.A. Fisher, N.E. Phillips, D.G. Hinks, and J.D. Jorgensen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 04700. [10]S.V. Shulga, S.-L. Drechsler, H. Echrig, H. Rosner, and W. Pickett, Cond-mat/0103154 (2001). [11]A.A. Golubov, J. Kortus, O.V. Dolgov, O. Jepsen, Y.Kong, O.K. Andersen, B.J. Gibson, K. Ahn, and R.K.Kremer, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 14 (2002) 1353. [12]H. Doh, M. Sigrist, B.K. Chao, and Sung-Ik Lee, Phys.Rev. Lett. 85 (1999) 5350. [13]I.N. Askerzade, N. Guclu, and A. Gencer, Supercond. Sci.Techn. 15 (2002) L13. [14]I.N. Askerzade, N. Guclu, A. Gencer, and A. Kiliq, Supercond. Sci. Techn. 15 (2002) L17. [15]I.N. Askerzade and A. Gencer, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 71(2002) 1637. [16]I.N. Askerzade, Physica C 397 (2003) 99. [17]V.V. Anshukova, B.M. Bulychev, A.I. Golovashkin, L.I.Ivanova, A.A. Minakov, and A.P. Rusakov, Phys. Solid State 45 (2003) 1207. [18]A.A. Abrikosov, Fundamentals of the Theory of Metals,North-Holland, Amsterdam (1988). [19]M.N. Kunchur, S.I. Lee, and W.N. Kang, Phys. Rev. B 68 (2003) 064516.     

ICP-MS在城市道路尘土中非常规监测微量元素污染评价中的应用

采集了石河子城区32个站点的道路尘土样本,测定了样品中10种非常规监测微量元素(B,Be,Bi,Co,Ga,Li,Sb,Sn,Tl,V)的含量。并采用地积累指数法、元素相关性分析和主成分分析法对尘土中的微量元素污染程度和来源进行了分析。结果表明：道路尘土中微量B,Be,Bi,Co,Ga,Li,Sb,Sn,Tl和V的平均含量分别为41.11,1.68,0.52,13.58,36.26,24.91,3.37,3.64,0.42,72.66 mg·kg-1。其中,Co,Li和Tl的平均含量均低于新疆土壤元素背景值,B,Be和V的平均含量和新疆土壤元素背景值相似,Bi,Ga,Sb和Sn的平均含量高于新疆和世界土壤元素背景值。地积累指数计算结果表明：B,Be,Co,Ga,Li,Tl和V污染级数为0,说明无污染,而Sb,Bi和Sn污染较为严重(污染等级分别为2,1,1)。元素相关性分析和主成分分析多元统计方法计算结果表明,Bi,Co,Sb和Tl主要是人为来源,B,Be,Li和V主要是自然来源,而Ga和Sn可能受自然因素和人为因素的共同影响。     

Energy transfer as a method for investigation of the structure of electrolytes

S. I. Vavilov State Optical Institute, Russia, 199034, St. Peterburg, Birzhevaya Liniya, 12. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 38–42, May–June, 1995.     

Antiproton physics at GSI: Studying the physics of hadronic matter

GSI/Darmstadt is planning a major upgrade of its accelerator and experimental facilities. One of the main components of the proposed GSI-upgrade is a storage ring, in which beams of antiprotons with unprecedented quality and intensity will be available with beam momenta up to 15 GeV/c. At this facility a wide physics program is planned to investigate the structure of hadrons in the charmonium mass range, with the goal to develop a better understanding of the transition from quarks and gluons to hadrons as effective degrees of freedom. An overview of the physics program and the detector system envisioned for this project are presented.Received: 30 September 2002, Published online: 22 October 2003PACS: 13.75.-n Hadron-induced low- and intermediate-energy reactions and scattering (energy GeV) - 25.43. + t Antiproton-induced reactionsJ. Ritman: For the Antiproton Research Study Group (Antiproton Research Study Group: J. Bacelar,KVI Groningen; R. Bertini,Torino University A. Avogadro; D. Bettoni,Ferrara,INFN; T. Bressani,Torino University I; K.-T. Brinkmann,Dresden University; R. Calabrese,Ferrara,INFN; M. Düren,Giessen University; C. Ekstrom,TSL Uppsala; W. Eyrich,Erlangen University; D. Frekers,Münster University; S. Ganzhur,Bochum University; P. Gianotti,Frascati; A. Gillitzer,FZ-Jülich IKP; O. Hartmann,GSI Darmstadt; V. Hejny,FZ-Jülich IKP; M. Holzscheiter,Los Alamos; B. Kamys,Kraków University; P. Kienle,Technical University Munich; J. Kisiel,University of Silesia; H. Koch,Bochum University; W. Kühn,Giessen University; U. Lynen,GSI Darmstadt; M. Macri,Genova University; A. Martin,Trieste University and INFN; J. Marton,Austrian Academy of Science (IMEP); R. Meier,Tuebingen University; V. Metag,Giessen University; P. Moskal,FZ-Jülich IKP; H. Orth,GSI Darmstadt; M. Pallavicini,Genova,INFN; S. Paul,Technical University Munich; K. Peters,Bochum University; J. Pochodzalla,Mainz University; G. Raciti,Catania University; J. Ritman,Giessen University; G. Rosner,Glasgow University; E.L. Rizzini,Brescia University and INFN II; A. Rotondi,Pavia University; M. Sapojnikov,JINR Dubna; L. Schmitt,Technical University Munich; C. Schwarz,GSI Darmstadt; K. Seth,Northwestern University; J. Smyrski,Kraków University; I. Tikhonov,BINP Novosibirsk; N. Vlassov,JINR Dubna; A. Vodopianov,JINR Dubna; U. Wiedner,Uppsala University; A. Zenoni,Brescia University and INFN I; B. Zwieglinski,SINS Warsaw.-1)     

The nature of empirical constants in the equation relating the frequency of the stretching vibration of oh-groups to parameters of the [MO n ]-polyhedrons coordinating these groups

Institute of Physicoorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220603, Minsk, Ul. Surganova, 13, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 104–107, January–February, 1995.     

Effect of an electric field on the deformation of incompressible rubbers: Bifurcation phenomena

Well above their glass transition temperatures, polymers behave like rubber materials. In the rubbery state, the elastic modulus is low enough to allow large deformations. Rubbery materials also deform under the application of an electric field. Rubbers can be referred as electromechanically active elastomers (EMAE) or lightweight materials that convert electrical into mechanical energy and vice versa [H. Xu, Z.-Y. Cheng, D. Olson, T. Mai, Q.M. Zang, G. Kavarnos, Ferroelectric and electromechanical properties of poly(vinylidene-fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlrotrifluoroethylene) terpolymer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 (2001) 2360–2362]. Possible applications include biomedical prostheses, actuators, energy harvesters and robots [R.E. Pelrine, R.D. Kornbluh, J.P. Joseph, Electrostriction of polymer dielectrics with compliant electrodes as a means of actuation, Sens. Actuators, A 64 (1998) 77–85; G. Kofod, W. Wirges, Energy minimization for self-organized structure formation and actuation, Appl. Phys. Lett., 90 (2007) 81916–81918; J.S. Plante, S. Dubowsky, Large-scale failure modes of dielectric elastomer actuators, Int. J. Solids Struct. 43 (2006) 7727–7751].However, although the engineering applications of EMAE are quite recent, the theoretical foundations of continua under simultaneous electrical and mechanical force fields date back the 1960s. In this paper we present the basis of the nonlinear electroelasticity according to the formulation by Dorfmann and Ogden [A. Dorfmann, R.W. Ogden, Nonlinear Electroelastic Deformations, J. Elasticity 82 (2006) 99–127; A. Dorfmann, R.W. Ogden, Nonlinear electroelasticity, Acta Mechanica 174 (2005) 167–183] and discuss the influence of an electrical field on the bifurcation phenomena appearing in some cases of electromechanical deformation in rubber materials.     

26种材料能量损失函数的计算研究

计算拟合了26种块体材料的能量损失函数,包括18种单质材料（Ag、Al、Au、C、Co、Cs、Cu、Er、Fe、Ge、Mg、Mo、Nb、Ni、Pd、Pt、Si、Te）和8种化合物（AgCl、Al₂O₃、AlAs、CdS、SiO₂、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe）.基于Drude-Lindhard模型,将实验测得的能量损失函数拟合为有限个解析函数,通过求和规则验证了拟合结果的准确性.基于拟合结果,模拟了反射电子能量损失谱,模拟结果与实验结果一致.所有材料能量损失函数的拟合参数均在线公开,地址为http：//micro.ustc.edu.cn/ELF/ELF.html.     

The evidence on the degradation processes in the midgut epithelial cells of the larval antlion Euroleon nostras (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785) (Myrmeleontidae, Neuroptera)

We analysed structural differences between midgut epithelial cells of fed instar antlions' larvae Euroleon nostras and starved ones. In starved larvae the presence of autophagolysosome-like structures was observed, which are characteristic structures associated with autophagy. The results presented here provide insight supporting the role of autophagy as a cell survival mechanism for the periods of food deprivation. Additional structural changes in the cytoplasm were seen in the spherites. The ultrastructure and chemical composition of spherites in the midgut epithelial cells of first, second and third instar larvae were observed with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A detailed characterization of the elemental composition of the spherites was studied using analytical electron microscopy; a combination of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy filtering TEM (EFTEM) was applied. The structure and elemental composition of the spherites changed during the period of larval life. Moreover, changes in chemical composition were found between spherites from fed and starved E. nostras. In fed first instar larvae, the spherites contained an organic matrix, composed of C, N and O. In this matrix, P, Cl, Ca and Fe were detected. In starved first instar larvae, only C, N and P were present. The spherites of fed second instar larvae were rich in organic and inorganic elements and were composed of C, N, O, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe and Zn. In starved second instar larvae, the chemical elements N, O, P, Ca and Fe were found. In fed third instar larvae, the spherites contained C, N, O, Na, Mg, P, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co and Zn. In starved third larvae, C, O, Si, Ca, and Fe were detected. Generally, the spherites are exploited in starved larvae. These results suggest that the elemental supply of spherites may provide crucial support for physiological processes during starvation periods amongst E. nostras instar larvae. In some cases in fed second and fed third instar larvae, spherites were seen in the lumen of the midgut. Such spherites could serve as reservoirs for nontoxic waste material that cannot be metabolized.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锁阳中15种金属元素含量

采用浓硝酸-高氯酸(φ∶4∶1)常压微沸条件下消解锁阳样品,应用火焰原子吸收法测定了锁阳中的金属元素Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Au, Ag含量,研究了测定不同元素的仪器最佳工作条件、方法的准确性和精密度。结果表明,锁阳中Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn,Cu, Mn, Pb, Ni, Ag含量分别为13 572.0, 14 260.0, 358.3, 168.3, 238.5, 19.4, 5.9, 3.4, 2.6, 1.3, 0.4 μg·g-1, Co, Cr, Cd, Au未检出。方法的加标回收率为97.8%～104.5%, 相对标准偏差(n=9)为0.2%～5.0%。测定方法简单易行,方便快捷,结果令人满意。     

NESTOR experiment in 2003

NESTOR is a submarine high-energy muon and neutrino telescope, now under construction for deployment in the Mediterranean close to Greek shores. The first floor of NESTOR with 12 optical modules was deployed successfully in March 2003 together with the electronics system. All systems and the associated environmental monitoring units are operating properly and data are being recorded. The status of the NESTOR project is presented. We outline briefly the construction of the deepwater neutrino telescope, properties of the NESTOR site, infrastructure of the project, the deployment of the first floor, and its current operation. The first data are presented and plans for the next steps are summarized. From Yadernaya Fizika, Vol. 67, No. 11, 2004, pp. 2075–2078. Original English Text Copyright ? 2004 by Zhukov, Aloupis, Anassontzis, Arvanitis, Babalis, Ball, Bezrukov, Bourlis, Butkevich, Chinowsky, Christopoulos, Darsaklis, Dedenko, Elstrup, Fahrun, Gialas, Goudis, Grammatikakis, Green, Grieder, Karaevsky, Katrivanos, Keussen, Kiskiras, Knutz, Korostylev, Komlev, Kontakxis, Koske, Learned, Ledenev, Leisos, Limberopoulos, Ludvig, Makris, Manousakis-Katsikakis, Makropoulos, Matsuno, Mielke, Mihos, Minkowski, Mironovich, Mitiguy, Nounos, Nygren, Papageorgiou, Passera, Politis, Preve, Prybylsky, Rathley, Resvanis, Rosen, N. Schmidt, Th. Schmidt, Siotis, Shnyrev, Sopher, Staveris, Stavrakakis, Stokstad, Surin, Tsagli, Tsirigotis, Tsirmpas, Tzamarias, Vasiliev, Vaskin, Voigt, Vougioukas, Voulgaris, Zakharov, Ziabko. The authors represent the NESTOR Collaboration This article was submitted by the authors in English.     

Vacuum arc ion charge-state distributions

Vacuum arc ion charge-state spectra have been measured for a wide range of metallic cathode materials. The charge-state distributions were measured using a time-of-flight diagnostic to monitor the energetic ion beam produced by a metal vapor vacuum arc ion source. Data were obtained for 48 metallic cathode elements: Li, C, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Ir, Pt, Au Pb, Bi, Th, and U. The arc was operated in a pulsed mode with pulse length 0.25 ms: arc current was 100 A throughout. The measured distributions are cataloged and compared with earlier results. Some observations about the performance of the various elements as suitable vacuum arc cathode materials are also presented     

Baikal neutrino telescope: Status, results, and prospects of development

The main physical results obtained with the Baikal neutrino telescope NT200 during the period 1998–2003 are reviewed: the limits for the diffuse flux of high-energy neutrinos, high-energy muons, and magnetic monopoles and the results of search for neutrinos from the center of the Earth due to annihilation of weakly interacting massive particles and from local neutrino sources. In April, 2005, the neutrino telescope NT200 was extended by introduction of three new strings, located at a distance of 100 m from the NT200 center. The new deep-water complex NT200+ has an effective volume for detecting cascades from high-energy neutrinos larger than that of NT200 by a factor of 4. At a cascade energy of 10 PeV, the effective volume of the new complex is 10⁷ m³. Further development of the Baikal neutrino experiment is related to the design and fabrication of a detector with a volume of about 1 km³. Original Russian Text ? K.V.Antipin, V.M. Ainutdinov, V.A. Balkanov, I.A. Belolaptikov, D.A. Borshchev, N.M. Budnev, R.V. Vasil’ev, R. Vishnevskii, I.A. Danil’chenko, G.V. Domogatskii, A.A. Doroshenko, A.P. D’yachok, Zh.-A.M. Dzhilkibaev, O.N. Gaponenko, K.V. Golubkov, O.A. Gress, T.I. Gress, O.I. Grishin, V.A. Zhukov, A.M. Klabukov, A.I. Klimov, A.A. Kochanov, K.V. Konishchev, A.P. Koshechkin, L.A. Kuz’michev, V.F. Kulepov, E. Middel, T. Mikokaiskii, M.B. Milenin, R.R. Mirgazov, S.P. Mikheev, E.A. Osipova, G.L. Pan’kov, L.V. Pan’kov, A.I. Panfilov, D.P. Petukhov, E.N. Pliskovskii, P.G. Pokhil, V.A. Poleshchuk, E.G. Popova, V.V. Prosin, M.I. Rozanov, V.Yu. Rubtsov, Yu.A. Semenei, B.A. Tarashchanskii, S.V. Fialkovskii, B.K. Shaibonov, A.A. Sheifler, A.V. Shirokov, K. Spiring, I.V. Yashin, 2007, published in Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Fizicheskaya, 2007, Vol. 71, No. 4, pp. 597–601.