Quasinormal and Hyponormal Weighted Composition Operators on $$H^2$$ and $$A^2_{\alpha }$$Aα2 with Linear Fractional Compositional Symbol

In this paper, we study quasinormal and hyponormal composition operators \(W_{\psi ,\varphi }\)  with linear fractional compositional symbol \(\varphi \) on the Hardy and weighted Bergman spaces. We characterize the quasinormal composition operators induced on \(H^{2}\) and \(A_{\alpha }^{2}\) by these maps and many such weighted composition operators, showing that they are necessarily normal in all known cases. We eliminate several possibilities for hyponormal weighted composition operators but also give new examples of hyponormal weighted composition operators on \(H^2\) which are not quasinormal.     

Unitary Equivalence of Composition C$$^*$$-Algebras on the Hardy and Weighted Bergman Spaces

Let \(\varphi \) be an arbitrary linear-fractional self-map of the unit disk \({\mathbb {D}}\) and consider the composition operator \(C_{-1, \varphi }\) and the Toeplitz operator \(T_{-1,z}\) on the Hardy space \(H^2\) and the corresponding operators \(C_{\alpha , \varphi }\) and \(T_{\alpha , z}\) on the weighted Bergman spaces \(A^2_{\alpha }\) for \(\alpha >-1\). We prove that the unital C\(^*\)-algebra \(C^*(T_{\alpha , z}, C_{\alpha , \varphi })\) generated by \(T_{\alpha , z}\) and \(C_{\alpha , \varphi }\) is unitarily equivalent to \(C^*(T_{-1, z}, C_{-1, \varphi }),\) which extends a known result for automorphism-induced composition operators. For maps \(\varphi \) that are not automorphisms of \({\mathbb {D}}\), we show that \(C^*(C_{\alpha , \varphi }, {\mathcal {K}}_{\alpha })\) is unitarily equivalent to \(C^*(C_{-1, \varphi }, {\mathcal {K}}_{-1})\), where \({\mathcal {K}}_{\alpha }\) and \({\mathcal {K}}_{-1}\) denote the ideals of compact operators on \(A^2_{\alpha }\) and \(H^2\), respectively, and apply existing structure theorems for \(C^*(C_{-1, \varphi }, {\mathcal {K}}_{-1})/{\mathcal {K}}_{-1}\) to describe the structure of \(C^*(C_{\alpha , \varphi }, {\mathcal {K}}_{\alpha })/\mathcal {K_{\alpha }}\), up to isomorphism. We also establish a unitary equivalence between related weighted composition operators induced by maps \(\varphi \) that fix a point on the unit circle.     

Convergence of powers of composition operators on certain spaces of holomorphic functions defined on the right half plane

This paper studies the asymptotic behaviour of the powers \(C_\varphi ^n\) of a composition operator \(C_\varphi \) on certain spaces of holomorphic functions defined on the right half plane \(\mathbb {C}_+\). It is shown that for composition operators on the Hardy spaces and the standard weighted Bergman spaces, if the inducing map \(\varphi \) is not of parabolic type, then either the powers \(C_\varphi ^n\) converge uniformly only to 0 or they do not converge even strongly.     

Sequences of Weighted Composition Operators on the Hardy–Hilbert Space

Let \(\varphi \) be an analytic self map of the open unit disc \(\mathbb {D}\). Assume that \(\psi \) is an analytic map of \(\mathbb {D}\). Suppose that f is in the Hardy–Hilbert space of the open unit disc \(H^2\). The operator that takes f into \(\psi \cdot f \circ \varphi \) is a weighted composition operator, and is denoted by \(C_{\psi ,\varphi }\). In this paper we relate the convergence of the sequence \(\{ C_{\psi _n,\varphi _n}\}\) in different operator topologies to the convergence of the two sequences of maps \(\{\varphi _n \}\) and \(\{ \psi _n\}\).     

Riesz Transforms Characterizations of Hardy Spaces $$H^1$$ for the Rational Dunkl Setting and Multidimensional Bessel Operators

We characterize the Hardy space \(H^1\) in the rational Dunkl setting associated with the reflection group \(\mathbb {Z}_2^n\) by means of special Riesz transforms. As a corollary we obtain Riesz transforms characterization of \(H^1\) for product of Bessel operators in \((0,\infty )^n\).     

Regularity for Inhomogeneous Dirichlet Problems of Some Schrödinger Equations on Domains

Let \(n\ge 3, \Omega \) be a bounded, simply connected and semiconvex domain in \({\mathbb {R}}^n\) and \(L_{\Omega }:=-\Delta +V\) a Schrödinger operator on \(L^2 (\Omega )\) with the Dirichlet boundary condition, where \(\Delta \) denotes the Laplace operator and the potential \(0\le V\) belongs to the reverse Hölder class \(RH_{q_0}({\mathbb {R}}^n)\) for some \(q_0\in (\max \{n/2,2\},\infty ]\). Assume that the growth function \(\varphi :\,{\mathbb {R}}^n\times [0,\infty ) \rightarrow [0,\infty )\) satisfies that \(\varphi (x,\cdot )\) is an Orlicz function and \(\varphi (\cdot ,t)\in {\mathbb {A}}_{\infty }({\mathbb {R}}^n)\) (the class of uniformly Muckenhoupt weights). Let \(H_{\varphi ,\,L_{{\mathbb {R}}^n},\,r}(\Omega )\) be the Musielak–Orlicz–Hardy space whose elements are restrictions of elements of the Musielak–Orlicz–Hardy space, associated with \(L_{{\mathbb {R}}^n}:=-\Delta +V\) on \({\mathbb {R}}^n\), to \(\Omega \). In this article, the authors show that the operators \(VL^{-1}_\Omega \) and \(\nabla ^2L^{-1}_\Omega \) are bounded from \(L^1(\Omega )\) to weak-\(L^1(\Omega )\), from \(L^p(\Omega )\) to itself, with \(p\in (1,2]\), and also from \(H_{\varphi ,\,L_{{\mathbb {R}}^n},\,r}(\Omega )\) to the Musielak–Orlicz space \(L^\varphi (\Omega )\) or to \(H_{\varphi ,\,L_{{\mathbb {R}}^n},\,r}(\Omega )\) itself. As applications, the boundedness of \(\nabla ^2{\mathbb {G}}_D\) on \(L^p(\Omega )\), with \(p\in (1,2]\), and from \(H_{\varphi ,\,L_{{\mathbb {R}}^n},\,r}(\Omega )\) to \(L^\varphi (\Omega )\) or to \(H_{\varphi ,\,L_{{\mathbb {R}}^n},\,r}(\Omega )\) itself is obtained, where \({\mathbb {G}}_D\) denotes the Dirichlet Green operator associated with \(L_\Omega \). All these results are new even for the Hardy space \(H^1_{L_{{\mathbb {R}}^n},\,r}(\Omega )\), which is just \(H_{\varphi ,\,L_{{\mathbb {R}}^n},\,r}(\Omega )\) with \(\varphi (x,t):=t\) for all \(x\in {\mathbb {R}}^n\) and \(t\in [0,\infty )\).     

Calderón–Zygmund Type Singular Operators in Weighted Generalized Morrey Spaces

We find conditions for the weighted boundedness of a general class of multidimensional singular integral operators in generalized Morrey spaces \(\mathcal {L}^{p,\varphi }(\mathbb {R}^n,w),\) defined by a function \(\varphi (x,r)\) and radial type weight \(w(|x-x_0|), x_0\in {\mathbb {R}}^{n}.\) These conditions are given in terms of inclusion into \(\mathcal {L}^{p,\varphi }(\mathbb {R}^n,w),\) of a certain integral constructions defined by \(\varphi \) and w. In the case of \(\varphi =\varphi (r)\) we also provide easy to check sufficient conditions for that in terms of indices of \(\varphi \) and w.     

On the Dilation of Truncated Toeplitz Operators

An operator \(S_{\varphi ,\psi }^{u}\in \mathcal {L}(L^2)\) is called the dilation of a truncated Toeplitz operator if for two symbols \(\varphi ,\psi \in L^{\infty }\) and an inner function u,

$$\begin{aligned} S_{\varphi ,\psi }^{u}f=\varphi P_uf+\psi Q_uf \end{aligned}$$

holds for \(f\in {L}^{2}\) where \(P_{u}\) denotes the orthogonal projection of \(L^2\) onto the model space \(\mathcal { K}_{u}^2=H^2{\ominus }{{u}H^2}\) and \(Q_u=I-P_u.\) In this paper, we study properties of the dilation of truncated Toeplitz operators on \(L^{2}\). In particular, we provide conditions for the dilation of truncated Toeplitz operators to be normal. As some applications, we give several examples of such operators.

     

Defect Distributions Related to Weakly Convergent Sequences in Bessel-Type Spaces $${H_{\Lambda }^{-s,p}}$$

We consider microlocal defect distributions associated to a weakly convergent sequences \(u_n\) in \(H^{-s,p}_{\Lambda }\) and \(v_n\) in \(H^{s+m,q}_{\Lambda }\) through the space of pseudo-differential operators with the symbols in \((s^{m,N+1}_\Lambda )_0\). Symbols correspond to a weight function \(\Lambda \) determining a quasi-elliptic symbol. Results are applied to partial differential equations with symbols related to weights of the type \(\Lambda \).     

On the image,characterization, and automatic continuity of $$\varvec{(\sigma }, \varvec{\tau }$$ )-derivations

The first main theorem of this paper asserts that any \((\sigma , \tau )\)-derivation d, under certain conditions, either is a \(\sigma \)-derivation or is a scalar multiple of (\(\sigma - \tau \)), i.e. \(d = \lambda (\sigma - \tau )\) for some \(\lambda \in \mathbb {C} \backslash \{0\}\). By using this characterization, we achieve a result concerning the automatic continuity of \((\sigma , \tau \))-derivations on Banach algebras which reads as follows. Let \(\mathcal {A}\) be a unital, commutative, semi-simple Banach algebra, and let \(\sigma , \tau : \mathcal {A} \rightarrow \mathcal {A}\) be two distinct endomorphisms such that \(\varphi \sigma (\mathbf e )\) and \(\varphi \tau (\mathbf e )\) are non-zero complex numbers for all \(\varphi \in \Phi _\mathcal {A}\). If \(d : \mathcal {A} \rightarrow \mathcal {A}\) is a \((\sigma , \tau )\)-derivation such that \(\varphi d\) is a non-zero linear functional for every \(\varphi \in \Phi _\mathcal {A}\), then d is automatically continuous. As another objective of this research, we prove that if \(\mathfrak {M}\) is a commutative von Neumann algebra and \(\sigma :\mathfrak {M} \rightarrow \mathfrak {M}\) is an endomorphism, then every Jordan \(\sigma \)-derivation \(d:\mathfrak {M} \rightarrow \mathfrak {M}\) is identically zero.     

Character Connes-amenability of dual Banach algebras

The concept of left character Connes-amenability for a dual Banach algebra \({\mathcal {A}}\) is introduced. We obtain a cohomological characterization of left character Connes-amenability as well as the relation between left \(\varphi \)-Connes-amenability and existence of left \(\varphi \)-normal virtual diagonals for a \(\omega ^{*}\)-continuous character \(\varphi \). We prove that left character amenability of \({\mathcal {A}}\) is equivalent to left character Connes-amenability of \({\mathcal {A}}^{**}\) when \({\mathcal {A}}\) is Arens regular. Moreover for a locally compact group G, we show that M(G) is left character Connes-amenable. In addition by means of some examples we show that for the new notion, the corresponding class of dual Banach algebras is larger than Connes-amenable dual Banach algebras.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>-Frequent hypercyclicity in spaces of operators

We provide conditions for a linear map of the form \(C_{R,T}(S)=RST\) to be q-frequently hypercyclic on algebras of operators on separable Banach spaces. In particular, if R is a bounded operator satisfying the q-frequent hypercyclicity criterion, then the map \(C_{R}(S)=RSR^*\) is shown to be q-frequently hypercyclic on the space \(\mathcal {K}(H)\) of all compact operators and the real topological vector space \(\mathcal {S}(H)\) of all self-adjoint operators on a separable Hilbert space H. Further we provide a condition for \(C_{R,T}\) to be q-frequently hypercyclic on the Schatten von Neumann classes \(S_p(H)\). We also characterize frequent hypercyclicity of \(C_{M^*_\varphi ,M_\psi }\) on the trace-class of the Hardy space, where the symbol \(M_\varphi \) denotes the multiplication operator associated to \(\varphi \).     

Estimates for coefficients of certain <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis>-functions

Let \(\pi _{\varphi }\) (or \(\pi _{\psi }\)) be an automorphic cuspidal representation of \(\text {GL}_{2} (\mathbb {A}_{\mathbb {Q}})\) associated to a primitive Maass cusp form \(\varphi \) (or \(\psi \)), and \(\mathrm{sym}^j \pi _{\varphi }\) be the jth symmetric power lift of \(\pi _{\varphi }\). Let \(a_{\mathrm{sym}^j \pi _{\varphi }}(n)\) denote the nth Dirichlet series coefficient of the principal L-function associated to \(\mathrm{sym}^j \pi _{\varphi }\). In this paper, we study first moments of Dirichlet series coefficients of automorphic representations \(\mathrm{sym}^3 \pi _{\varphi }\) of \(\text {GL}_{4}(\mathbb {A}_{\mathbb {Q}})\), and \(\pi _{\psi }\otimes \mathrm{sym}^2 \pi _{\varphi }\) of \(\text {GL}_{6}(\mathbb {A}_{\mathbb {Q}})\). For \(3 \le j \le 8\), estimates for \(|a_{\mathrm{sym}^j \pi _{\varphi }}(n)|\) on average over a short interval have also been established.     

On partial disjunction properties of theories containing Peano arithmetic

Let \(\varGamma \) be a class of formulas. We say that a theory T in classical logic has the \(\varGamma \)-disjunction property if for any \(\varGamma \) sentences \(\varphi \) and \(\psi \), either \(T \vdash \varphi \) or \(T \vdash \psi \) whenever \(T \vdash \varphi \vee \psi \). First, we characterize the \(\varGamma \)-disjunction property in terms of the notion of partial conservativity. Secondly, we prove a model theoretic characterization result for \(\varSigma _n\)-disjunction property. Thirdly, we investigate relationships between partial disjunction properties and several other properties of theories containing Peano arithmetic. Finally, we investigate unprovability of formalized partial disjunction properties.     

The Sobolev Stability Threshold for 2D Shear Flows Near Couette

We consider the 2D Navier–Stokes equation on \(\mathbb T \times \mathbb R\), with initial datum that is \(\varepsilon \)-close in \(H^N\) to a shear flow (U(y), 0), where \(\Vert U(y) - y\Vert _{H^{N+4}} \ll 1\) and \(N>1\). We prove that if \(\varepsilon \ll \nu ^{1/2}\), where \(\nu \) denotes the inverse Reynolds number, then the solution of the Navier–Stokes equation remains \(\varepsilon \)-close in \(H^1\) to \((e^{t \nu \partial _{yy}}U(y),0)\) for all \(t>0\). Moreover, the solution converges to a decaying shear flow for times \(t \gg \nu ^{-1/3}\) by a mixing-enhanced dissipation effect, and experiences a transient growth of gradients. In particular, this shows that the stability threshold in finite regularity scales no worse than \(\nu ^{1/2}\) for 2D shear flows close to the Couette flow.     

Two-step estimation of ergodic Lévy driven SDE

We consider high frequency samples from ergodic Lévy driven stochastic differential equation with drift coefficient \(a(x,\alpha )\) and scale coefficient \(c(x,\gamma )\) involving unknown parameters \(\alpha \) and \(\gamma \). We suppose that the Lévy measure \(\nu _{0}\), has all order moments but is not fully specified. We will prove the joint asymptotic normality of some estimators of \(\alpha \), \(\gamma \) and a class of functional parameter \(\int \varphi (z)\nu _0(dz)\), which are constructed in a two-step manner: first, we use the Gaussian quasi-likelihood for estimation of \((\alpha ,\gamma )\); and then, for estimating \(\int \varphi (z)\nu _0(dz)\) we make use of the method of moments based on the Euler-type residual with the the previously obtained quasi-likelihood estimator.     

VMO Spaces Associated with Operators with Gaussian Upper Bounds on Product Domains

In this paper, we extend the well-known result “the predual of Hardy space \(H^1\) is VMO” to the product setting, associated with differential operators. Let \(L_i\), \(i = 1, 2\), be the infinitesimal generators of the analytic semigroups \(\{e^{-tL_i}\}\) on \(L^2({\mathbb {R}})\). Assume that the kernels of the semigroups \(\{e^{-tL_i}\}\) satisfy the Gaussian upper bounds. We introduce the VMO spaces VMO\(_{L_1, L_2}(\mathbb {R}\times \mathbb {R})\) associated with operators \(L_1\) and \(L_2\) on the product domain \(\mathbb {R}\times \mathbb {R}\), then show that the dual space of VMO\(_{L_1, L_2}(\mathbb {R}\times \mathbb {R})\) is the Hardy space \(H^1_{L_1^*, L_2^*}(\mathbb {R}\times \mathbb {R})\) associated with the adjoint operators \(L^*_1\) and \(L^*_2\).     

Constructive Approximation in de Branges–Rovnyak Spaces

In most classical holomorphic function spaces on the unit disk in which the polynomials are dense, a function f can be approximated in norm by its dilates \(f_r(z):=f(rz)~(r<1)\). We show that this is not the case for the de Branges–Rovnyak spaces \(\mathcal{H}(b)\). More precisely, we exhibit a space \(\mathcal{H}(b)\) in which the polynomials are dense and a function \(f\in \mathcal{H}(b)\) such that \(\lim _{r\rightarrow 1^-}\Vert f_r\Vert _{\mathcal{H}(b)}=\infty \). On the positive side, we prove the following approximation theorem for Toeplitz operators on general de Branges–Rovnyak spaces \(\mathcal{H}(b)\). If \((h_n)\) is a sequence in \(H^\infty \) such that \(\Vert h_n\Vert _{H^\infty }\le 1\) and \(h_n(0)\rightarrow 1\), then \(\Vert T_{\overline{h}_n}f-f\Vert _{\mathcal{H}(b)}\rightarrow 0\) for all \(f\in \mathcal{H}(b)\). Using this result, we give the first constructive proof that, if b is a nonextreme point of the unit ball of \(H^\infty \), then the polynomials are dense in \(\mathcal{H}(b)\).     

Space–Time Fractional Equations and the Related Stable Processes at Random Time

In this paper, we consider the general space–time fractional equation of the form \(\sum _{j=1}^m \lambda _j \frac{\partial ^{\nu _j}}{\partial t^{\nu _j}} w(x_1, \ldots , x_n ; t) = -c^2 \left( -\varDelta \right) ^\beta w(x_1, \ldots , x_n ; t)\), for \(\nu _j \in \left( 0,1 \right] \) and \(\beta \in \left( 0,1 \right] \) with initial condition \(w(x_1, \ldots , x_n ; 0)= \prod _{j=1}^n \delta (x_j)\). We show that the solution of the Cauchy problem above coincides with the probability density of the n-dimensional vector process \(\varvec{S}_n^{2\beta } \left( c^2 \mathcal {L}^{\nu _1, \ldots , \nu _m} (t) \right) \), \(t>0\), where \(\varvec{S}_n^{2\beta }\) is an isotropic stable process independent from \(\mathcal {L}^{\nu _1, \ldots , \nu _m}(t)\), which is the inverse of \(\mathcal {H}^{\nu _1, \ldots , \nu _m} (t) = \sum _{j=1}^m \lambda _j^{1/\nu _j} H^{\nu _j} (t)\), \(t>0\), with \(H^{\nu _j}(t)\) independent, positively skewed stable random variables of order \(\nu _j\). The problem considered includes the fractional telegraph equation as a special case as well as the governing equation of stable processes. The composition \(\varvec{S}_n^{2\beta } \left( c^2 \mathcal {L}^{\nu _1, \ldots , \nu _m} (t) \right) \), \(t>0\), supplies a probabilistic representation for the solutions of the fractional equations above and coincides for \(\beta = 1\) with the n-dimensional Brownian motion at the random time \(\mathcal {L}^{\nu _1, \ldots , \nu _m} (t)\), \(t>0\). The iterated process \(\mathfrak {L}^{\nu _1, \ldots , \nu _m}_r (t)\), \(t>0\), inverse to \(\mathfrak {H}^{\nu _1, \ldots , \nu _m}_r (t) =\sum _{j=1}^m \lambda _j^{1/\nu _j} \, _1H^{\nu _j} \left( \, _2H^{\nu _j} \left( \, _3H^{\nu _j} \left( \ldots \, _{r}H^{\nu _j} (t) \ldots \right) \right) \right) \), \(t>0\), permits us to construct the process \(\varvec{S}_n^{2\beta } \left( c^2 \mathfrak {L}^{\nu _1, \ldots , \nu _m}_r (t) \right) \), \(t>0\), the density of which solves a space-fractional equation of the form of the generalized fractional telegraph equation. For \(r \rightarrow \infty \) and \(\beta = 1\), we obtain a probability density, independent from t, which represents the multidimensional generalization of the Gauss–Laplace law and solves the equation \(\sum _{j=1}^m \lambda _j w(x_1, \ldots , x_n) = c^2 \sum _{j=1}^n \frac{\partial ^2}{\partial x_j^2} w(x_1, \ldots , x_n)\). Our analysis represents a general framework of the interplay between fractional differential equations and composition of processes of which the iterated Brownian motion is a very particular case.     

Nonuniform Multiresolution Analysis on Local Fields of Positive Characteristic

A generalization of Mallat’s classic theory of multiresolution analysis (MRA) on local fields of positive characteristic was considered by Jiang et al. (J Math Anal Appl 294:523–532, 2004). In this paper, we present a notion of nonuniform MRA on local field \(K\) of positive characteristic. The associated subspace \(V_0\) of \(L^2(K)\) has an orthonormal basis, a collection of translates of the scaling function \(\varphi \) of the form \(\{ \varphi (x-\lambda ) \}_{ \lambda \in \Lambda }\) where \(\Lambda = \{ 0,r/N \}+ \mathcal{Z}, \,N \ge 1\) is an integer and \(r\) is an odd integer such that \(r\) and \(N\) are relatively prime and \(\mathcal{Z}=\{u(n): n\in \mathbb {N}_{0}\}\). We obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of associated wavelets and present an algorithm for the construction of nonuniform MRA on local fields starting from a low-pass filter \(m_{0}\) with appropriate conditions.