The energy level spacing for two harmonic oscillators with generic ratio of frequencies

The limit distribution of energy level spacing is studied for the system of two harmonic oscillators with generic ratio of frequencies. It is proved that for any fixed generic ratio no limit distribution exists, but for random with any absolutely continuous distributionp()d on [0, 1] a universal random limit distribution of the energy level spacing exists. Some properties of the random limit distribution are discussed.     

The physical nature of the production of moving striations in a d-c discharge plasma

The physical nature of the stratification of the d-c discharge plasma is found and physically interpreted. The interpretation is based on the mathematical expression of the production of periodic structure in plasma after an aperiodic disturbance, derived from an extremely simplified system of equations. Only three basic phenomena occurring in the plasma of each d-c discharge are included: a) the dependence of the rate of ionization on the electron temperature and hence on the electric field, b) the production of space charges due to the different rates of diffusion of the electrons and ions, c) the creation of additional electric fields due to the creation of space charges. The interactions of these phenomena gives rise to a chain, expanded in time and space, which leads to the production of moving striations. In agreement with experiment this structure is developed only on the side towards the anode from the place where the equilibrium state is disturbed.

---

. (9, 10) (4, ), . , , : ) , , ; ) , ; ) , . , , — — . , .

---

---

In conclusion the authors thank J. Fousek, J. Kaczér and M. Novák for carefully reading this paper and for valuable remarks, and J. Holub for carrying out the numerical and graphical work.     

К ВОПРОСУ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ИД ЕАЛЬНОЙ НАМАГНИЧЕНН ОСТИ МАРГАНЦЕВОГО ФЕРРИТ А

. .     

Спектралъный метод о пределения изотопно го состава свинца. Частъ II

, . , [1]. 1–4 mg PbJ₂, . (c. m. c.) PbI 4058 Å. , , - , 5–7%. 3–4% –183 °C. , . 10% . , .     

Superstability estimates for anharmonic systems

We consider an anharmonic crystal described by variablesS _x ,x ^d ,S _x , with one-body interaction ¦S _x ¦ and nearest neighbor (n.n.) two body interaction ¦S _x –S _y ¦. We prove that, for ^d bounded, , where is the correlation function for the free boundary condition Gibbs state in ,>0 and are suitable constants independent of and . This generalizes previous results obtained in the case.Research partially supported by Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.     

Optical conductivity of substitutionally disordered alloys: Intraband transitions

The coherent potential approximation (CPA) is applied to the investigation of the off-diagonal disorder effect on the AC conductivity of the disordered binary alloys, due to intraband absorption. The frequency dependence of the conductivity () is numerically calculated for various parameters describing the alloy and various positions of the Fermi level in the band. The anomalous behaviour in the frequency dependence of the conductivity is found. The parameter () — optical relaxation time, used by many researchers, in this case is invalid.     

The basic equations of the dynamics of the continuous distribution of dislocations I. General theory

The basic equations of the dynamics of the continuous distribution of dislocations analogical to Maxwell's equations are derived in a series of papers I, II, III. The analogy of the elastic and electromagnetic fields is analyzed. In part I the basic equations of the continuous distribution of dislocations are derived for the dynamic case (especially for small deformations and for the Poisson ratio equal to zero in a continuum, infinite with respect to space and time, from the variational problem by means of the formal apparatus of the special theory of relativity.

---

I.

, . . , , .

     

The influence of plastic deformation on the magnetostriction constant of nickel

The magnetostriction constant of nickel was measured as a function of plastic deformation up to an elongation of 30%. The values of the magnetostriction constant in deformed samples deviate considerably, a fact which cannot be explained by errors of measurement. The absolute value of the magnetostriction constant decreases with increasing plastic deformation (by around 5%).

---

30% . , . ( 5%).

---

---

In conclusion the authors thank J. Kaczér, C. Sc. and B. esták, C. Sc. for carefully reading the paper and for their remarks, J. Míová for help in the measurements and workers of the chemical department of our Institute for careful preparation of the samples.     

One-dimensional harmonic lattice caricature of hydrodynamics: Second approximation

The long-time behavior of an infinite chain of coupled harmonic oscillators is studied. In addition to a limiting hydrodynamic (Euler-type) equation, the next approximation is investigated. The corresponding equation is derived.     

Non-thermal laser-induced desorption of metal atoms with bimodal kinetic energy distribution

Laser-induced desorption of metal atoms at low rate has been studied for pulsed excitation with wavelengths of = 266, 355, 532 and 1064 nm. For this purpose sodium adsorbed on quartz served as a model system. The detached Na atoms were photo-ionized with the light of a second laser operating at = 193 nm and their kinetic energy distribution was determined by time-of-flight measurements. For = 1064 nm a distribution typical of thermal bond breaking is observed. If desorption, however, is stimulated with light of = 266 or 532 nm, the kinetic energy distribution is non-thermal with a single maximum atE _kin = 0.16 ± 0.02 eV. For = 355 nm the non-thermal distribution is even bimodal with maxima appearing atE _kin = 0.16 ± 0.02 and 0.33 ± 0.02 eV. These values of the kinetic energies actually remain constant under variation of all experimental parameters. They appear to reflect the electronic and geometric properties of different binding sites from which the atoms are detached and thus constitute fingerprints of the metal surface. The non-thermal desorption mechanism is discussed in the framework of the Menzel-Gomer-Redhead scenario. The transition from non-thermal to thermal desorption at large fluentes of the laser light could also be identified.     

Functional Relations in Stokes Multipliers—Fun with x6+αx2 Potential

We consider eigenvalue problems in quantum mechanics in one dimension. Hamiltonians contain a class of double well potential terms, x +x , for example. The space coordinate is continued to a complex plane and the connection problem of fundamental system of solutions is considered. A hidden U ( (2 1)) structure arises in fusion relations of Stokes multipliers. With this observation, we derive coupled nonlinear integral equations which characterize the spectral properties of both ± potentials simultaneously.     

Solar wind protons,alpha particles and electrons in the shock wave and the potential barrier (The intershock project)

The paper discusses the dynamics of solar wind proton,-particle and electron fluxes near the Earth's bow shock front. In subsequently developed events, deceleration and deflection of ion components and electron heating are observed. The velocity distributions of protons and-particles behind the shock front have a strongly inhomogeneous structure that is gradually smoothing out in the magnetosheath. Unlike protons,-particles behind the front do not generate beams with energy exceeding that of the solar wind.Presented at the Colloquium on Plasma physics Topics Common to the Laboratory and the Space Plasma Research, September 21–25, 1987, Skalsky Dvr, Czechoslovakia.     

Slow non-exponential changes oe surface conductivity of germanium

A study was made of slow relaxation effects produced during changes in the external d-c electric field above the oxided surface of germanium and an empirical relation was found to describe their time dependence. It is seen that the activation energy of the control process, which is about 0·4 eV, can be determined from the temperature dependence of slow effects.

---

, , , . , , 0,4 eV.

     

Microwave Photonic Signal Down‐Conversion Using a Novel Two‐Frequency Bragg Grating Based Brillouin Fiber Laser

A simple technique using a novel twofrequency Bragg grating based Brillouin fiber laser to downconvert high frequency microwave photonic signals is presented. The mechanism of the Brillouin fiber laser and the principle of this technique for microwave photonic signal downconversion are analyzed. The 12GHz microwave photonic signals are experimentally downconverted to 1.13GHz IF signal with the technique.     

OPTIS—An Einstein Mission for Improved Tests of Special and General Relativity

The mission OPTIS aims at improving tests of the foundations of Special and General Relativity by up to three orders of magnitude. The individual tests concern the isotropy and constancy of the speed of light, the time dilation (or Doppler effect), the universality of the gravitational redshift with various combinations of high precision clocks. Furthermore, laser tracking and a laser link allows a strongly improved measurement of the gravitomagnetic Lense–Thirring effect, of the gravitoelectric Einstein perigee advance, of the gravitational redshift, and a search for deviations from Newtonian gravity.For this mission, technologies are required which have been used recently to carry through the most precise tests of Special Relativity. The precision of these tests can be further increased under space conditions thanks to longer integration times, larger changes in the orbital velocity, and larger differences of the gravitational potential. Furthermore, very precise laser tracking and linking of satellites is a well established technique and will provide, in combination with the active drag–free control system, very accurate orbit data. The core technologies for OPTIS are optical cavities, highly stabilized lasers, capacitive gravitational reference sensors, drag–free control, ion clocks, frequency combs, and laser tracking systems. These technologies are also key technologies for other future missions.     

Polyene chains in molecular electronics

Current ideas of soliton switching as a possible route towards molecular electronics are reviewed. The relation between photoinduced dipole moments in dye molecules and soliton motion is pointed out. Derivates of -carotene are presented as candidates for components of molecular electronic devices.Dedicated to K. Dransfeld on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

On the mechanics of a mass point in the general theory of relativity

An investigation is made into the equations of motion for mass points of comparable masses, the energy-momentum tensor of which is a linear function of the-function, in connection with the principle of equivalence. If some conditions are fulfilled the equations of motion for mass points subject to a supplementary non-gravitational force effect can be transformed to equations of motion for free motion of mass points in a certain equivalent gravitional field. The equivalent field, in agreement with the local validity of the principle of equivalence, is defined merely along the trajectories of the mass points. , - -, . , , , . , , .

---

     

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ОРИЕНТА ЦИИ МОНОКРИСТАЛЛОВ С НЕПРАВИЛЬНОЙ ПОВЕР ХНОСТьЮ ПРИ ПОМОЩИ РЕНТГЕНОВСКОГО СПЕК ТРОМЕТРА CO СЧЕТЧИКОМ ГАЙГЕРА-МЮЛЛЕРА

, - -; - (hkl) . , (hkl) - , . - . .     

On the lunar variation of cosmic radiation

The paper investigates the lunar variation of the intensity of cosmic radiation as assumed by E. Bagge and O. Binder. By evaluating the data of two stations on the same meridian circle (Rome and Makapuu Point) we reach the conclusion that this lunar variation is only apparent. The result obtained by E. Bagge and O. Binder could be caused by a small difference between the diurnal period and the assumed lunar variation. This statement is demonstrated by searching for variations with periods 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 hours which also differ little from the 24-hour period of the diurnal variation. For these calculations the data of the station Mt. Norikura were used.

---

, . . . , ( ), , . , . . , . 22, 23, 24, 25 26 , 24 . . .

---

---

In conclusion the authors wish to express their thanks to J. Sláma for his valuable help in the numerical calculations.     

On the basic laws of reaction kinetics

The paper gives the basic laws necessary and in principle sufficient for constructing a system of differential equations for any reaction kinetic process. A new and more exact formulation of two of the basic laws (the principle of superposition of partial reaction velocities and the Guldberg-Waage law) is made possible by an exact definition of the important quantities of this subject. In conclusion the paper points out the difference between the general form of the differential equations for concentrations of components expressed in moles per unit weight and that for concentrations of components expressed in moles per unit volume.

---

, . ( ) . , , , .