Effect of Preparation Conditions on the Stability of Pt/Al2O3 Catalysts in Methane Combustion

Alumina supported platinum catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method using aluminum-sec-butoxide, platinum acetylacetonate and sec-butanol. Various gelation process were performed either by the help of a gelation agent (water or acetic acid) or by a slow condensation without hydrolysis source. The textural and the structural study of the catalysts using the nitrogen physical adsorption and the hydrogen chemisorption showed that the BET surface area and the metal dispersion varied when the hydrolysis and the gelation processes were modified. The catalytic activities for methane combustion performed on the fresh and aged catalysts were correlated to the metal dispersion values. In addition the catalytic activity loss under reaction mixture seemed to be caused by the metal dispersion decrease. When the catalysts were aged under the reaction mixture at 600°C for 72 h, a BET surface area decrease and a metallic surface area loss were observed. The resistance to sintering observed to be dependant on the hydrolysis and the gelation processes was in favor of the catalyst prepared by acetic acid.     

Influence of ZrO2 on Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Over Pd/Al2O3

The influence of ZrO₂ on the properties of Al₂O₃ and performances of Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst in CO oxidation have been investigated. TPD results show that the activity enhanced is due to the increase of the adsorptive capacity of CO and the activation of C=O bond after the introduction of ZrO₂.     

Preparation of Alumina Supported Palladium Catalysts by Sol-Gel Method

The chemical reactivity of the aluminium-sec-butoxide (ASB) and the palladium acetylacetonate Pd(acac)₂, used as precursors for the preparation of the alumina supported palladium catalysts by sol-gel method was investigated by the spectroscopic study of the precursor mixture during ageing, using FTIR, UV-VIS and ²⁷Al NMR. The obtaind results showed that acetylacetonate ligands were linked to aluminum when the mixture was aged at 40°C. This was proved by the bands observed at 1530 and 1600 cm^–1 in the FTIR spectra, the band obtained at 289 nm in the UV-VIS spectra and the ²⁷Al NMR sharp peak at 3 ppm. Furthermore, in order to avoid the Pd(acac)₂ reduction to metallic palladium by the SB occurring when the mixture is aged for 3 h, an optimum ageing time should be selected. The precursors modification and the preservation of the palladium oxidation state during ageing could be the required conditions to create a bond between palladium and aluminium during the gelation step. This should be the reason of the thermal stability improvement of the alumina supported palladium catalyst prepared by the sol-gel method.     

模板-聚合法Pd/Al2O3催化剂制备及其蒽醌加氢性能研究

以丙烯酸铵为模板剂,由油柱成型法制备了系列球形Al2O3载体,采用XRD、BET等分析测试手段对其晶体结构、比表面积、孔容和孔径分布进行了表征,结果表明,600℃焙烧的球形γ-Al2O3载体具有介孔结构,并且比表面较不使用模板剂的样品有大幅度增加。焙烧温度升至960℃得到δ-Al2O3,介孔结构消失,但由于结构记忆效应,载体的大表面特性得以保持。以δ-Al2O3为载体制备Pd/Al2O3催化剂,采用氢-氧滴定(HOT)方法测定发现,比表面的增加显著提高了Pd金属的分散度,从而大幅度提高了催化剂的蒽醌加氢活性,氢化效率最高可达10.5 g.L-1。     

CO Hydrogenation by K-Promoted Coprecipitated Co/Al2O3

Effect of K promotion on the CO hydrogenation activity and selectivity of coprecipitated Co/Al₂O₃ has been studied. K addition is found to lower total activity while enhancing C₂-C₄ olefins selectivity; kinetic data indicate that the reaction mechanism is not affected.     

Thermal Stability of Pt/Al2O3 Catalysts Prepared by Sol-Gel

A series of Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method. The influence of several parameters used in the synthesis including: metal content, identity of the metal precursor, and the water/alkoxide ratio on the structural properties of the fresh (dried) and calcined samples were studied. It was found that the BET surface area decreased with an increase in the platinum content. A surface area of 500 m²/g was obtained following calcination at 773 K. The structure of fresh samples as determined by FTIR corresponded to that of a pseudoboehmite structure. Samples prepared using a water/alkoxide ratio (H₂O/ATB) of 9 showed a well-defined, uniform pore size distribution following calcination at 773 K. Metal dispersions comparable to those obtained using impregnation methods were obtained. Aging studies (calcination at 873 K for 24 h) performed on these catalysts, exhibited sintering behavior which were similar to Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts prepared by other methods. The sample prepared using a H₂O/ATB ratio of 9 had the highest surface area and was more thermally resistant towards metal sintering. A bimodal metal particle size distribution was observed: some particles exhibited sintering while others of similar size showed a greater thermal stability to sintering. The sample having the largest surface area and the highest thermal stability following thermal treatment was a consequence of a more condensed structure and a higher pore roughness obtained after drying the gel. This enabled the formation of an alumina structure which was more amorphous and limited aggregation of platinum particles due to surface diffusion within the pore structure.     

Mn修饰Al2O3载体负载Pd催化剂及其蒽醌加氢催化性能

以活性氧化铝(γ-Al2O3)为载体,分别以Mn(NO3)2溶液和酸性氯化钯(PdCl2)溶液为修饰组分和活性组分前体,采用分步浸渍法制备了Mn修饰Al2O3载体负载钯催化剂。将催化剂应用于蒽醌加氢反应,考察了催化剂制备方法、活性组分负载量和催化剂还原温度对反应效果的影响。用XRD、BET、XPS和TPR对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂活性受到制备方法的影响,在对Mn修饰Al2O3载体进行焙烧,Pd负载量0.2(wt)%、还原温度300℃的条件下,催化剂蒽醌加氢活性较高,较未修饰的催化剂提高了约16%。催化剂中Mn以MnO的形式存在,影响了γ-Al2O3的组织结构,使载体与活性组分之间的作用力增强,活性组分Pd高度分散在催化剂表面,从而提高了催化剂的活性。     

Mn/Al2O3 Systems: Structure and Activity

-Mn₂O₃ and KMn₈O₁₆ were detected on catalysts prepared by pore volume impregnation of -alumina using manganous nitrate and ammonium permanganate, respectively. While the surface texture was not remarkably affected: decomposition activities towards H₂O₂ and 2-propanol were higher for the later.     

H2-induced CO adsorption and dissociation over Co/Al2O3 catalyst

The activation of adsorbed CO is an important step in CO hydrogenation. The results from TPSR of pre-adsorbed CO with H2 and syngas suggested that the presence of H2 increased the amount of CO adsorption and accelerated CO dissociation. The H2 was adsorbed first, and activated to form H＊ over metal sites, then reacted with carbonaceous species. The oxygen species for CO2 formation in the presence of hydrogen was mostly OH^＊, which reacted with adsorbed CO subsequently via CO^＊＋OH^＊ → CO2^＊＋H^＊; however, the direct CO dissociation was not excluded in CO hydrogenation. The dissociation of C-O bond in the presence of H2 proceeded by a concerted mechanism, which assisted the Boudourd reaction of adsorbed CO on the surface via CO^＊＋2H^＊ → CH^＊＋OH^＊. The formation of the surface species （CH） from adsorbed CO proceeded as indicated with the participation of surface hydrogen, was favored in the initial step of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.     

EXAFS characterization of Ti/Al2O3 supports and Co/Ti/Al2O3 catalysts

The structure of Ti/Al₂O₃ supports (0–14 wt% Ti) and Co/Ti/Al₂O₃ catalysts (3 wt% Co) was examined by EXAFS. The results indicated that the Ti was present primarily as a highly dispersed surface phase. The Ti EXAFS results indicated that the Ti species were octahedrally coordinated. Evidence of Ti—Ti interactions was found for all loadings (2–14 wt% Ti) suggesting that the Ti surface species are present as small clusters of TiO₂.The Co EXAFS results showed evidence for several structurally different Co surface phases as a function of Ti loading. Evidence of a Co species interacting with the Ti surface phase was observed for the 3% Co/2% Ti-3%Co/6%Ti catalysts. At the highest loadings studied, 3%Co/8%Ti and 3%Co/14%Ti, evidence was found for a CoTiO₃-like phase.     

New Gelation Process for Pt/Al2O3 Catalysts Preparation

Gel of platinum and aluminum was prepared by an anhydrous gelation process using a mixture of aluminum sec butoxid, platinum acetylacetonate and Butanol-2. The investigation of this gelation by FTIR, UV-vis and ²⁷Al NMR spectroscopies suggest that a slow polymerization of aluminum precursors occurs according to an etheration mecanism likely catalysed by metallic platinum which could be formed by the reduction of platinum in Pt(acac)₂ by sBuOH in the mixture during aging.     

The Effect of MoO3 Addition to V2O5/Al2O3 Catalysts for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3

The effect of MoO₃ addition to alumina supported vanadia catalysts on the catalytic activity for the selective catlaytic reduction of NO is investigated. Upon the addition of MoO₃, catalytic activity is enhanced and the particle size of V₂O₅ which is shown by the results of XRD and Raman spectroscopy is decreased. The MoO₃-V₂O₅/Al₂O₃ catalyst also exhibits more resistance to SO₂ deactivation than V₂O₅/Al₂O₃ does.     

Determination of Equilibrium Dispersion of Pt on Al2O3 Support in Sintering Process

The variation of dispersion of Pt on Al₂O₃ support with sintering time is measured and the value of equilibrium dispersion of Pt is obtained directly. It is found that a General Power Law Expression can fit the experimental data well.     

The Thermal Properties and Firing Characteristics of Zr/KClO4 Priming Compositions Containing Graphite,Fe2O3 and Al2O3 additives

Thermal decomposition of Zr/KClO₄ priming compositions containing different concentration of additives, such as graphite, Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ have been studied by DSC/TG techniques. The firing characteristics of these primer mixtures have also been examined by Bruceton test and by adiabatic calorimeter. The results of these experiments suggest that strong interaction has been occurred between KClO₄ and Fe₂O₃ in the solid state. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

阴极等离子体电解法制备氧化铝纳米颗粒

以金属铝为阴极材料,以3mol·L-1浓度的NH4NO3水溶液为电解液,采用非对称电极阴极等离子体电解方法制备出氧化铝纳米颗粒.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDX)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对颗粒的形貌和结构进行了表征.结果表明颗粒以立方相Al2O3为主.还对放电过程的电流变化和发光现象进行了研究.结合实验结果提出了这种颗粒的生长机制.     

NOx储存催化剂Pt/BaAl2O4-Al2O3的XAFS研究

采用共沉淀-浸渍法在不同载体焙烧温度下,制备了不同Al/Ba原子比的Pt/BaAl2O4-Al2O3系列样品.用XRD, XANES, EXAFS,以及NSC (NOx storage capacity）测定等手段对样品的微观结构和NOx储存性能进行了详细的表征.样品中Ba物种是以BaAl2O4和BaCO3两种混合物相的形式存在,且伴随着载体焙烧温度和Ba含量的降低, BaAl2O4物相的分散度变高, NOx储存活性也随之提高,这表明BaAl2O4相的分散度与样品的NOx储存性能密切相关,小颗粒的BaAl2O4相是NOx的主要储存活性中心.在样品中, Pt物种以金属原子簇形式存在,分散度很高,其Pt－Pt壳层配位数较标样Pt粉有显著下降, Pt－Pt键长变短,出现了纳米收缩现象.高分散的小颗粒金属Pt原子簇为捕获和氧化NOx的主要活性中心.     

EDTA配合法制备beta-Al_2O_3固体电解质

以金属硝酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)为原料,采用EDTA配合溶胶-凝胶法制备了beta-Al2O3前驱粉料,并利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、红外光谱分析(FTIR)、热分析(TG/DSC)、交流阻抗谱(EIS)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试技术对beta-Al2O3的合成工艺进行了详细的研究。结果表明:该法合成beta-Al2O3前驱粉料的温度为1150℃,比固相反应法低了150℃,平均粒径约为42nm,具有较好的成型和烧结性能。将素坯在1630℃保温烧结,得到的烧结体相对密度为96%以上,300℃时beta-Al2O3固体电解质的离子电导率为0.026S·cm-1。     

Effect of sodium oxide doping on solid-solid interactions between V2O5 AND Al2O3

A V₂O₅/Al₂O₃ mixed solids sample was prepared with a molar ratio of 0.41 Na₂O (4 and 10 mol%) was added in the form of sodium nitrate prior to calcination in air in the temperature range 500–1000C. Solid-solid interactions between V₂O₅ and Al₂O₃ were studied using DTA and TG curves and their derivatives together with XRD techniques.The results obtained showed that Na₂O interacted with V₂O₅ at temperatures starting from 500C to yield a sodium/vanadium compound, Na_0.3V₂O₅ which remained stable and decomposed in part by heating at 1000C. V₂O₅ exists in orthorhombic and monoclinic forms in the case of pure mixed solids and those containing 4 mol% of Na₂O and preheated at 500C, and in monoclinic form in the case of the mixed solid doped with 10 mol% of Na₂O.Heating of pure and doped mixed oxide solids at 650C resulted in the conversion of most of the V₂O₅ into AlVO₄. Doping with sodium oxide enhanced the solid-solid interaction between V₂O₅ and Al₂O₃ at 650C to produce AlVO₄. The produced AlVO₄ decomposed completely on heating at 700C to form -Al₂O₃ and V₂O₅, (orthorhombic and monoclinic forms).The presence of Na₂O was found to decrease the relative intensity of the diffraction lines of -Al₂O₃ (corundum) produced at 750C which indicated some kind of hindrance of the crystallization process.Heating of pure and doped mixed solids at 1000C resulted in a further crystallization of acorundum together with V₂O₅ and sodium vanadate, Na_0.3V₂O₅. However, the intensities of diffraction lines relative to those of the sodium vanadium compound were found to decrease markedly by heating at 1000C, indicating partial thermal decomposition into vanadium and aluminium oxides.     

Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers Through the Copper-Catalyzed Arylation of Phenols with Aryl Iodides Using KF/Al2O3

An efficient synthesis of diaryl ethers by the copper-catalyzed arylation of phenols with a variety of aryl iodide susing KF/Al₂O₃ as a suitable base and CuI and 1,3 diphenyl-1,3 propandione as the catalyst is described.     

Devitrification Behavior of Calcium Phosphate Glasses Containing Al2O3 and SiO2 Additives

The effects of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ additives on the crystallization of calcium phosphate glasses were studied. When the Al₂O₃ content was higher than 7 mol%, surface devitrification occurred in the glasses. However, for glasses with Al₂O₃ contents higher than 10 mol%, bulk devitrification predominanted. For the glasses with SiO₂, a surface devitrification mechanism predominanted. Non-isothermal DTA techniques were applied in order to establish the devitrification mechanism, and the kinetic parameters of crystal growth were obtained. The parameter m depends on the mechanism and morphology of devitrification of calcium phosphate, glass containing SiO₂ as additive, the values of m being lower than 1.2. These results indicate that the devitrification is controlled by the reaction at the glass-crystal interface, or occurs from surface nuclei. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.