合成受体与短肽相互作用研究进展*

由于在蛋白质分离,生物传感器,疾病诊断和治疗以及基础的生物医药研究等领域的潜在重要应用,合成受体与短肽（3－20氨基酸残基）相互作用的研究已引起了人们的关注。本文综述了近年来合成受体与短肽相互作用的研究进展,介绍了小分子受体与个别氨基酸残基的相互作用,小分子受体对短肽的序列选择性识别,小分子受体对短肽二级结构的诱导与识别以及高分子受体与短肽的相互作用,并对短肽受体的设计进行了建议与展望。     

磷酸化血管紧张素Ⅱ的合成及性质

蛋白质磷酸化和去磷酸化几乎调节着生命活动的所有过程，包括细胞的增殖发育和分化、神经活动、肌肉收缩、新陈代谢和肿瘤发生等［1]，而磷肽则是体现其母体蛋白磷酸化过程结构变化的最好模型［2]．磷肽合成的常用方法是将合成好的未被磷酸化的多肽与ATP在磷酸激酶的作用下进行酶法磷酸化，但是该法对于不能被磷酸激酶磷酸化的多肽并不适用．迄今为止，磷肽及其类似物的化学合成仍非轻而易举之事［3，4]     

阴离子磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂与PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物相互作用的研究

用差示扫描微量热、等温滴定微量量热、动态光散射和核磁共振(NOESY,弛豫时间)技术,研究了在pH＝9时阴离子磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂12-3-12(SO₃)₂与PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物F127 (EO₉₇PO₆₉EO₉₇)和P123 (EO₂₀PO₇₀EO₂₀)之间的相互作用. 研究发现,随着12-3-12(SO₃)₂浓度的增大,聚合物的临界胶束温度(CMT)降低. 与传统的单链离子表面活性剂相比,12-3-12(SO₃)₂具有更强的降低共聚物CMT的能力. 此外,在低于聚合物的CMT时,12-3-12(SO₃)₂与聚合物单体可以形成聚合物/表面活性剂胶束聚集体;在高于聚合物的CMT时,12-3-12(SO₃)₂的加入首先与聚合物单体和胶束的混合物或聚合物胶束形成聚合物/12-3-12(SO₃)₂混合胶束,然后随着12-3-12(SO₃)₂浓度的增大,混合胶束逐步解离为小的聚集体,但是,即使在很高的12-3-12(SO₃)₂浓度时,混合胶束也未完全解离.     

富集分离质谱检测磷酸化肽新材料与分析方法进展

本文对2005年以来,金属离子和金属氧化物亲和色谱材料及其他特别材料结合质谱检测,用于富集分离测定磷酸化肽及磷酸化蛋白的分析方法进行评述。引用文献119篇。     

5-氟尿嘧啶与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

根据合理的假设和Langmuir结合理论, 在298.15 K下, 以等温滴定微量热(ITC)实验数据为依据, 应用非线性最小方差拟合方法确定了抗肿瘤药物配5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)相互作用的热力学性质的改变. 研究结果表明, 牛血清白蛋白(BSA)与5-氟尿嘧啶相互作用存在两类结合位点. 第一类结合, N=(54.0 0.3), ⊿H⁰=(30.0±0.4) kJ·mol^-1 (吸热), ⊿S⁰=(196.0±2.6) J·mol-1·K-1(熵增), ⊿G⁰=(-28.4±0.3) kJ·mol^-1; 第二类结合, N=(77.0±0.4), ⊿H⁰=(-20.0±0.4) kJ·mol^-1 (放热), ⊿S⁰=(28.6±0.3) J·mol^-1·K^-1 (熵增), ⊿G⁰=(-28.5±0.2) kJ·mol^-1. 结合体系的圆二色谱(CD)分析结果说明, 抗肿瘤药物5-氟尿嘧啶与BSA的相互作用诱导蛋白质(BSA)二级结构单元的相对含量发生了一定程度的变化.     

磷酸化肽富集新方法研究进展

对组成复杂的生物样品中的低丰度磷酸化肽进行预富集,能够消除高丰度非磷酸化肽等干扰组分,从而提高磷酸化肽在质谱分析中的灵敏度,获得更好的检出和鉴定结果.在磷酸化肽富集过程中,对磷酸化肽具有选择性亲和作用的富集材料是实现对磷酸化肽特异高效富集的关键,多种具有不同类型亲和作用的富集材料已在磷酸化肽富集研究中得到了应用;而在材料形貌、富集操作形式、磷酸化肽富集特异性等方面,研究者们也不断在现有磷酸化肽富集材料的基础上进行多样化的改进.本文分别从不同类型亲和作用的磷酸化肽富集材料以及磷酸化肽富集方法改进两方面,对近年来磷酸化肽富集方法的研究进展进行了评述.     

丹皮酚及其两种同分异构体与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的热力学研究

在298.15 K下利用等温滴定微量热法研究了丹皮酚(2'-羟基-4'-甲氧基苯乙酮, Pae)及其两种同分异构体(2'-羟 基-5'-甲氧基苯乙酮, Hma; 4'-羟基-3'-甲氧基苯乙酮, Ace)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在缓冲溶液(pH≈7.0)中的相互作用. 从药物分子在蛋白质分子上有多种类型相互独立的结合位点的假定出发, 应用Langmuir吸附模型对这三种同分异构体与 BSA 相互作用的量热数据进行了处理. 结果表明, 有两类结合位点存在, 同时计算出了两类结合模式的结合常数、焓变、熵变及吉布斯自由能变等热力学数据. 这两类结合主要以焓驱动为主, 并且在同一类结合位点上, Pae, Hma以及 Ace与BSA结合过程的焓变绝对值依次减小, 这主要是由于客体分子苯环上取代基的相对位置不同而引起热力学数据的差异. 圆二色谱研究表明这三种同分异构体的加入均使BSA的二级结构发生变化, 说明这种生物大分子-药物分子相互作用既包含结合反应也包含小分子诱导BSA分子部分结构改变的过程.     

磷酸化肽段分离富集方法研究进展

目前磷酸化肽段鉴定主要依赖于质谱技术,但磷酸化肽段的低丰度性以及来自非磷酸化肽段的干扰等因素,影响质谱的分析与鉴定。因此质谱分析前磷酸化肽段的富集,是深入研究磷酸化蛋白质组学的先决条件。该文介绍了磷酸化蛋白质组学中传统的以及新建立的一些磷酸化肽段分离富集方法的原理及优缺点,这些方法包括固相金属离子亲和色谱法(IMAC)、金属氧化亲和色谱法(MOAC)、强阳/阴离子交换色谱法(SCX/SAX)、亲水相互作用色谱法(HILIC)、静电排斥亲水相互作用色谱法(ERLIC)、化学衍生法、MALDI靶盘富集法以及多种富集方法相结合。     

抗肿瘤药物替加氟与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的热化学研究

在298.15 K下, 以等温滴定微量热(ITC)实验数据为依据,根据合理假设和Langmuir结合理论, 应用非线性最小方差拟合方法测定了抗肿瘤药物替加氟(Tegafur)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)结合过程热力学性质的改变. 研究结果表明, 牛血清白蛋白与替加氟相互作用存在两类结合位点: (1) N=52.00±0.12, K=(9.83±0.13)×104 L/mol, ΔH=(30.10±0.17) kJ/mol>0, ΔS=(196.00±0.65) J/(mol·K)>0, ΔG=(-28.50±0.66) kJ/mol<0, 表现为熵驱动过程, 疏水相互作用为过程的主要推动力; (2) N=86.00±0.14, K=(9.35±0.13)×104 L/mol, ΔH=(-19.80±0.17) kJ/mol<0, ΔS=(28.30±0.50) J/(mol·K)>0, ΔG=(-28.40±0.43) kJ/mol<0, 表现为焓-熵协同过程, 氢键和静电相互作用为过程的主要推动力. 圆二色谱(CD)分析结果表明, 抗肿瘤药物替加氟诱导蛋白质(BSA)二级结构单元的相对含量发生了一定程度的变化.     

A predictive, simple and rapid method for thermodynamic study on the binding of copper ion with Alzheimer''s amyloid β peptide

The interaction of CuC12 to the first 16 residues of the Alzbeimer's amyliod β peptide, Aβ(1-16) was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry at pH 7.2 and 37 ℃ in aqueous solution.     

Thermodynamic Study of the Inclusion Interaction between Gemini Surfactants and Cyclodextrins by Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry

The inclusion complexes of a series of bis-quarternary ammonium surfactants, (C _n N)₂Cl₂ (where n = 12, 14, 16) and sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinae (AOT), with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) in aqueous solutions were investigated by using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) at 298.15 K. The stability constants, stoichiometry, and formation enthalpies, entropies and Gibbs energies for the complexes in aqueous solutions have been derived from the calorimetric data. The values of the binding constant, K ^∘ _i , are very large, which indicates that these complexes are quite stable in their aqueous solutions. The enthalpy changes (ΔH ^∘) for all of the inclusion processes are negative, showing that the complex process is enthalpy driven. The entropy effect (TΔS ^∘) is negative, so the inclusion process is entropically unfavorable. The large negative Gibbs energy changes indicate that formation of host-guest inclusion complexes is generally a spontaneous process. The thermodynamic parameters are discussed in the light of the different structures of the host and guest molecules.     

Interaction of cellulase with sodium dodecyl sulfate at critical micelle concentration level

The interactions between Trichoderma reesei cellulase and an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), at critical micelle concentration level have been investigated using isothermal titration calorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. SDS micelles have dual interactions with cellulase: electrostatic at first and then hydrophobic interactions. When the concentration of SDS is smaller than 45.0 mM, SDS micelles cause a partial loss in the hydrolytic activity together with a steep decrease in the -helical content of cellulase. With further increasing the concentration of SDS, however, a re-formation of the -helical structure and a partial recovery of the hydrolytic activity of cellulase induced by SDS micelles are observed. Taken together, these results indicate that SDS micelles exert dual effects on cellulase through binding as both a denaturant and a recovery reagent.     

Interaction of Pseudomonas putida with kaolinite and montmorillonite: a combination study by equilibrium adsorption, ITC, SEM and FTIR

Equilibrium adsorption along with isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were employed to investigate the adsorption of Pseudomonas putida on kaolinite and montmorillonite. A higher affinity as well as larger amounts of adsorption of P. putida was found on kaolinite. The majority of sorbed bacterial cells (88.7%) could be released by water from montmorillonite, while only a small proportion (9.3%) of bacteria desorbed from kaolinite surface. More bacterial cells were observed to form aggregates with kaolinite, while fewer cells were within the larger bacteria–montmorillonite particles. The sorption of bacteria on kaolinite was enthalpically more favorable than that on montmorillonite. Based on our findings, it is proposed that the non-electrostatic forces other than electrostatic force play a more important role in bacterial adsorption by kaolinite and montmorillonite. Adsorption of bacteria on clay minerals resulted in obvious shifts of infrared absorption bands of water molecules, showing the importance of hydrogen bonding in bacteria–clay mineral adsorption. The enthalpies of −4.1 ± 2.1 × 10⁻⁸ and −2.5 ± 1.4 × 10⁻⁸ mJ cell⁻¹ for the adsorption of bacteria on kaolinite and montmorillonite, respectively, at 25 °C and pH 7.0 were firstly reported in this paper. The enthalpy of bacteria–mineral adsorption was higher than that reported previously for bacteria–biomolecule interaction but lower than that of bacterial coaggregation. The bacteria–mineral adsorption enthalpies increased at higher temperature, suggesting that the enthalpy–entropy compensation mechanism could be involved in the adsorption of P. putida on clay minerals. Data obtained in this study would provide valuable information for a better understanding of the mechanisms of mineral–microorganism interactions in soil and associated environments.     

Interactions of Peptides and Lysozyme with Aqueous Tetraethylammonium Bromide at 298.15 K

The apparent molar volumes, V _{ø, 2}, of gly-leu, gly-gly-leu and the partial specific volume ν^° of hen-egg-white lysozyme have been determined in aqueous of TEAB solutions by density measurements at 298.15 K. These data have been used to calculate the infinite dilution apparent molar volumes V _2,m ^o for the peptides in aqueous TEAB solutions and the standard partial molar volumes of transfer Δ_tr V _2,m ^o of the peptides from water to aqueous TEAB solutions. The results on Δ_tr V _2,m ^o of peptides from water to aqueous TEAB solutions have been interpreted in terms of ion-ion, ion-polar, hydrophilic-hydrophilic and hydrophobic-hydrophobic group interactions. In order to supplement this information, enthalpies of transfer of aqueous peptides from water to TEAB solution have been determined at 298.15 K using a VP-ITC titration calorimeter. The data on partial molar volumes and enthalpies of transfer have been discussed in light of various interactions operating in the ternary system of peptides, water and TEAB. The partial specific volume of transfer of lysozyme from water to aqueous TEAB solutions also indicates the predominance of hydrophobic interactions.     

Probing with Synthetic Peptides the Interactive Properties of N-Butylphenyl and Cholesterol-10-Undecenaoate Phases Immobilised onto Open Tubular Electrochromatographic Capillaries

This study investigates the impact of peptide primary structure and the characteristics of two different types of immobilised hydrophobic ligands on the open tubular electro-chromatographic migration behaviour of a family of related synthetic peptide analogues. The results further document the important role that mixed mode electrophoretic/chromatographic processes play in determining peptide selectivity in OTCEC systems. Procedures to fine-tune selectivity of closely related peptides in these systems have been established with buffer electrolytes of different composition in terms of the organic solvent content and different pH conditions.Dedicated to Professor K. Jinno on the occasion of his 60^th birthday.     

The synthesis and characterization of lipophilic peptide-based carriers for gene delivery

Lipophilic carriers have shown great potential in improving the delivery of gene therapeutics. We have synthesized positively charged peptide-based carriers including lipoamino acids. The carriers were shown to interact with DNA by performing isothermal titration calorimetry and particle size and zeta potential experiments. An exothermic reaction resulted from the titration of carrier into DNA. The particle sizes of the carrier/DNA complexes varied over the different charge ratios from 200-800 nm. The zeta potential was negative at a low charge ratio but positive when the amount of carrier was increased. The utilisation of lipophilic carriers is a promising approach to improve the bioavailability of gene delivery.     

Controlled complexation of plasmid DNA with cationic polymers: effect of surfactant on the complexation and stability of the complexes

The aggregation of the cationic polymer-plasmid DNA complexes of two commonly used polymers, polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly-l-lysine (PLL) were systematically compared. The complexation was studied in 5% glucose solution at 25 degrees C using dynamic light scattering and isothermal titration calorimetry. The aggregation of the complexes was controlled by addition of the surfactant polyoxyethylene stearate (POES). The stability of the complexes was evaluated using dextran sulphate (DS) as relaxing agent. The relaxation of the complexes in the presence of DS was studied using agarose gel electrophoresis. This study elucidates the role of surfactant in controlling the size of the PEI/pDNA complex and reveals the differences of the two polymers as complexing agents.