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1.
以空心球状TiO2为基体、以片状TiO2为骨架,采用刮刀法制备了染料敏化太阳能电池的多孔TiO2光阳极薄膜。光电转化效率测试结果表明,当作为骨架支撑材料的片状TiO2含量为20wt%时,光阳极薄膜组装成太阳能电池的光电转化效率达到最高值4.53%,比商业P25制备的无孔无骨架TiO2薄膜电池(4.06%)及无骨架结构的多孔TiO2薄膜电池(4.17%)的性能均有显著提高。当片状TiO2的最佳含量为20wt%电池薄膜厚度为33 μm时,太阳能电池光电转化效率进一步提升为7.06%。光电性能增强的原因是骨架结构有利于快速传输电子并增大染料吸附量。本研究通过设计制备具有骨架结构的多孔TiO2薄膜为提高染料敏化太阳能电池性能提供了新的思路。 相似文献
2.
以四氯化钛、盐酸为原料,制备出花状TiO2纳米微球,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等测试方法,对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征。为了提高TiO2微球电池的光电性能,利用TiO2微球作为反射层构造了双层结构的薄膜电极,结果表明,双层结构染料敏化太阳能电池在100 mW·cm-2(1.5 G)光照条件下,短路光电流Jsc为17.64 mA·cm-2,开路光电压Voc为0.74 V,填充因子FF为0.63和光电转化效率η为8.33%。相比TiO2微球制备的太阳能电池,双层结构染料敏化太阳能电池光电转化效率提高至5.3倍。最后对电极中染料的吸附量、电极的光散射性能和电池的电化学阻抗做了进一步研究和分析,研究表明,双层结构电池增强光的捕获能力,从而提高光伏性能。 相似文献
3.
表面活性剂对染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的提高 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
在硝酸/醋酸(HNO3/HAc)的水溶液中分别加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、吐温20等不同类型的表面活性剂来水解钛酸四正丁酯制得前驱体溶液,通过水热法制备纳晶TiO2,并组装成染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)。通过XRD、SEM和UV-Vis对纳晶TiO2薄膜进行表征,并对DSSC进行光电流-光电压(I-V)曲线的测试,研究了不同类型的表面活性剂和不同浓度的CTAB对DSSC光电性能的影响。结果表明:加入阳离子表面活性剂CTAB时提高了DSSC的光电性能,而加入阴离子表面活性剂DBS和非离子表面活性剂吐温20时,DSSC的光电性能反而降低。随着CTAB浓度的增加,电池的光电性能先提高后下降,当cCTAB=0.08 mol·L-1时,DSSC的光电转化效率最高为5.76%,比不添加表面活性剂制备的纳晶TiO2所组装的DSSC的光电转化效率提高了约18%。 相似文献
4.
采用不同沉积电压制备TiO2光阳极,研究电压对薄膜沉积速率、厚度和形貌的影响。通过台阶仪、光学照片、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电化学交流阻抗谱、开路电压衰减曲线对光阳极和电池进行系统表征,并测试了染料敏化太阳能电池器件的电流密度-电压(J-V)曲线,计算其光电转换效率。结果表明,提高沉积电压时,光阳极薄膜的沉积速率加快,膜厚也增加,但是电压过高时,薄膜会有裂缝和覆盖不全的问题,这会对电池的效率造成负面影响。综合考虑低沉积电压条件下薄膜均匀无裂缝和高沉积电压条件下沉积速率快的优点,采用先30 V电压、后60 V电压的电泳沉积方式来制备光阳极,结果呈现协同效果,既降低了制备时间又得到高质量的薄膜,在无其他修饰的情况下,电池的光电转换效率可以达到7.29%。 相似文献
5.
采用不同沉积电压制备TiO2光阳极,研究电压对薄膜沉积速率、厚度和形貌的影响。通过台阶仪、光学照片、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电化学交流阻抗谱、开路电压衰减曲线对光阳极和电池进行系统表征,并测试了染料敏化太阳能电池器件的电流密度-电压(J-V)曲线,计算其光电转换效率。结果表明,提高沉积电压时,光阳极薄膜的沉积速率加快,膜厚也增加,但是电压过高时,薄膜会有裂缝和覆盖不全的问题,这会对电池的效率造成负面影响。综合考虑低沉积电压条件下薄膜均匀无裂缝和高沉积电压条件下沉积速率快的优点,采用先30 V电压、后60 V电压的电泳沉积方式来制备光阳极,结果呈现协同效果,既降低了制备时间又得到高质量的薄膜,在无其他修饰的情况下,电池的光电转换效率可以达到7.29%。 相似文献
6.
本文采用水热反应法,通过改变合成条件,经XRD和FESEM表征,证实合成了四方金红石相异形复层(阵列-团簇)结构的TiO2薄膜。合成薄膜的下层是TiO2的阵列,上层是团簇状的TiO2,并且构成阵列和团簇的每个方柱又由多根纳米棒(25~65 nm)组成。上层团簇的生成量和厚度可以通过改变反应物的初始浓度、反应时间和生长基片的角度进行调控。将这种异形复层结构薄膜试用于染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)光阳极,发现其光电转化效率比单层阵列TiO2薄膜提高了2.6倍。由此表明TiO2这种以纳米棒为单元结构的异形复层薄膜,上层团簇结构有利于产生采光作用以及吸附微粒的作用,下层阵列结构有利于载流子的定向快速传输,其复合结构的形成,致使光电转换效果明显提高。 相似文献
7.
采用溶胶-凝胶水热法制备了TiO2纳晶薄膜电极,晶型为锐钛矿型。为了提高电极的光电性能,利用聚苯乙烯小球做造孔剂,制备了含有大孔隙的TiO2纳晶薄膜电极,孔径约为200 nm,该电极具有较好的光漫反射性能,更重要的是球形大孔的存在,提高了凝胶电解质在TiO2薄膜电极中的渗透和I3-离子的扩散性能,与不含大孔的TiO2电极相比,电池的短路光电流提高约2 mA·cm-2,光电转换效率提高0.6%。 相似文献
8.
本文综述了制备TiO2薄膜的各种方法,详细介绍了阳极氧化法制备TiO2多孔膜的进展,在非含氟电解液体系中,对纯钛进行阳极氧化处理可制得表面呈无规则生长的多孔膜结构;在含氟电解液体系中,则可自组织形成高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列,并指出阳极氧化法是可在常温低压下进行、操作工艺简单、薄膜性能稳定、再现性好的一种最具工业化应用潜力的制备方法。 相似文献
9.
采用溶胶凝胶法制备了系列不同含量的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)/TiO2纳米复合薄膜电极, 通过SEM和XRD表征了薄膜的形貌和晶型结构. 以1 mol/L KOH为电解质, 考察了MWCNT的含量对纳米复合薄膜电极在白光、可见光照射下光电性能的影响. 结果表明: 相对纯TiO2薄膜电极, MWCNT/TiO2纳米复合薄膜电极的光电压、光电流明显增大, 对可见光区的光电响应能力也明显提高. MWCNT薄膜具有良好的电子导电性、吸光性和镂空的网状结构等性质, 形成了一个理想的基板负载TiO2纳米颗粒, 而且显著提高了纳米复合薄膜电极光生载流子的分离效率和模拟太阳光的利用效率. 研究发现, 纳米复合薄膜电极中MWCNT的最佳含量是0.04 mg/cm2. 相似文献
10.
11.
在气相燃烧反应器中成功地合成了TiO2-SiO2、TiO2-SnO2复合粒子。TiO2-SiO2复合粒子中TiO2以金红石型和锐钛型存在,SiO2以无定型的形式存在。复合结构为SiO2附着于TiO2的外部,在Ti∶Si的进料比较大时SiO2附着于TiO2的表面,Ti∶Si比值减小到1∶4时,SiO2包覆全部TiO2表面。包覆层的厚度大约为6~7nm。TiO2-SnO2的复合粒子中同时存在着三种晶体结构SnO2、金红石型和锐钛型的TiO2。在复合粒子的表面,TiO2和SnO2两种组分分布均匀。通过改变进料方式可以调整复合粒子的结构。 相似文献
12.
TiO2 photoelectrodes with various nanostructures have been successfully prepared by the anodization method. The morphology, microstructure and optical properties of as-prepared photoelectrodes were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet/visible light diffuse reflectance spectra (UV/vis/DRS), surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) and photocurrent. The electronic structure and optical properties of La doped/undoped TiO2 photoelectrodes with different crystal structures were calculated by the density function theory. The photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic activities of as-prepared photoelectrodes were evaluated. The results showed that the anodization potentials played a crucial role in the surface morphology and microstructure. Both results of theoretical calculations and experimental tests demonstrated that La-doped photoelectrodes were more sensitive to light than undoped one. The difference of photoelectrodes performance was ascribed to the crystal configuration, impurity energy levels and long-range orientation moving of photogenerated carriers. 相似文献
13.
Toshikazu Nishide Fujio Mizukami Hidenobu Yamaguchi 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1994,1(2):113-121
Many types of TiO2-SiO2 (Ti:Si=50:50 mol%) were prepared by the sol-gel procedure with and without 2-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol (MPD) as an organic ligand. The effect of MPD on the gel structure and the properties of the TiO2 crystals were studied by XRD and raman spectroscopy, and the effect of the sol standing time on the properties of the TiO2 crystals were also studied by XRD spectroscopy. In the gels with MPD, anatase of TiO2 appeared at approximately 580°C, and the crystal structures were similar despite the difference in the gel preparation procedure. The titania gels with MPD were presumed to be dispersed in the silica gel matrix without any Ti-O-Si bond. In the presence of MPD, the formation of titania gels is controlled and the specified TiO2 crystal is produced. 相似文献
14.
本文研究了中性条件下TiO2纳米粒子与双阴离子态荧光素F2-的结合能力,发现所形成的复合物与文献报道的强酸性条件下TiO2-质子化荧光素H3F+复合物相比,结构与性能均很不同,F2--TiO2复合物吸收光谱红移30 nm以上且发射荧光。用UV-vis吸收光谱测定了复合物的结合常数、用稳态和瞬态荧光光谱测定了复合物的荧光效率和寿命分别为0.14和1.08 ns,与相应自由态F2-的测定值0.92和4.68 ns相比,复合物荧光效率和寿命都有很大的降低,这是由于复合物内部光诱导电子转移所致,因这一电子转移是热力学上非常有利的过程,其自由能变化达1.1 eV。光致电子转移的速率常数为7.1×108s-1,是其它竞争过程的3倍以上,复合物内光诱导电子转移效率达77%。 相似文献
15.
The effects of CuO loading, reaction temperature, and surface gas velocity (Ug) on the photocatalytic reduction of NO have been determined in an annular flow type and a modified two-dimensional fluidized bed photoreactor. The optimum CuO loading was found to be 3.3 wt.% and NO degradation conversion in the modified two-dimensional fluidized bed photoreactor is more than 70% at 2.5 Umf. 相似文献
16.
All solid state electrochromic devices have potential applications in architectural and automotive fields to regulate the transmission and reflection of radiant energy. We present the optical and electrochemical characteristics of two solid state windows having the configuration glass/ITO/TiO2-CeO2/TiO2/TiO2-CeO2/ITO/glass and glass/ITO/WO3/TiO2/TiO2-CeO2/ITO/glass where the three internal layers have been prepared by sol gel methods. The preparation of the individual sols and some physical properties of the different sol gel coatings are reported. 相似文献
17.
The crystal phase evolution of TiO2 nanoparticles, during hydrolysis and condensation of titanium tetraisopropoxide, was quenched at various reaction times by a freeze-drying method, followed by various characterizations. Three types of solutions with different acid input times were studied: (1) addition in infinite time (no addition), (2) addition at 24 h after the hydrolysis/condensation reaction started, and (3) addition from the beginning of the reaction. The acid-free solution yielded amorphous TiO2, which transformed to anatase very slowly. The acid input in 24 h resulted in a fast transformation of amorphous to a metastable anatase having a highly distorted atomic arrangement: thereby its transformation to a more stable phase, rutile, was suitable. The acid addition from the beginning of the reaction yielded the formation of a relatively stable anatase from the hydrolysis seed, thereby the subsequent transformation to rutile was sluggish. 相似文献
18.
Catalytic oxidation of no to NO2 over Cr/TiO2 and Cu/TiO2 under oxidizing atmosphere 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The catalytic activity of Cr/TiO2 and Cu/TiO2 for the oxidation of NO under an oxidizing atmosphere has been examined. Both catalysts had excellent ability for the oxidation of NO to NO2 in the temperature range of 350–400°C. 相似文献
19.
The present paper reviews in detail the different studies now being conducted by our research team concerning the ultradeep hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) derivatives over Mo/TiO2 and Mo/TiO2–Al2O3 catalysts. First, a detailed characterization of Mo/TiO2 (P-25 Degussa, 50 m2/g) catalysts prepared by equilibrium adsorption technique shows that Mo- species are highly and uniformly dispersed on the surface of titania up to 6.6 wt% MoO3 loading. Above this value, some aggregation of Mo occurs, leading to the formation of bulk MoO3. Below 6.6 wt% MoO3 loading, the Raman spectroscopy data of the calcined samples show that the supported Mo-species possess a highly distorted octahedral MoO6 structure. TiO2–Al2O3 composites were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using TiCl4 as a precursor. Using several characterization techniques, we demonstrated that the support composite presents a high dispersion of TiO2 over -Al2O3 without forming precipitates up to ca. 11 wt% loading. Moreover, the textural properties of the composite support are comparable to those of alumina. Under the present sulfidation conditions (673 K, 5%H2S/95%H2), Mo-species supported on TiO2 are better sulfided than on alumina, as demonstrated using XPS. This can be attributed to the relatively lower interaction between Mo-species and titania. The state of sulfide species supported on the composite support can be considered as a transition state between TiO2 and Al2O3. However, at relatively higher TiO2 loadings (ca. 11 wt%), Mo/TiO2–Al2O3 catalysts exhibit sulfidability similar to that of Mo/TiO2. The HDS tests conducted in both the laboratory and in industry show that sulfide catalysts supported on TiO2–Al2O3 (ca. 11 wt% TiO2) are more active than those supported on TiO2 or Al2O3. 相似文献
20.
将Ti(SO4)2溶于稀盐酸合成酸性钛溶胶,再将其与铝溶胶和六次甲基四胺溶液混合后采用油柱成型法制备了球形TiO2-Al2O3复合氧化物。通过XRD、低温氮吸附-脱附与NH3-TPD等手段对样品进行表征,结果表明600 ℃焙烧得到的球形TiO2-Al2O3中TiO2以无定型形式存在;随TiO2含量的增加,球形TiO2-Al2O3的比表面积、孔容和平均孔径呈增加趋势;TiO2的引入没有对球形TiO2-Al2O3的强酸和弱酸中心的强度产生影响,弱酸中心数量显著增加,强酸中心数量稍有增加;球形TiO2-Al2O3的堆密度和压碎强度随TiO2含量的增加而减小,颗粒直径基本保持不变。 相似文献