Catalytic asymmetric generation of (Z)-disubstituted allylic alcohols

A one-pot method for the direct preparation of enantioenriched (Z)-disubstituted allylic alcohols is introduced. Hydroboration of 1-halo-1-alkynes with dicyclohexylborane, reaction with t-BuLi, and transmetalation with dialkylzinc reagents generate (Z)-disubstituted vinylzinc intermediates. In situ reaction of these reagents with aldehydes in the presence of a catalyst derived from (-)-MIB generates (Z)-disubstituted allylic alcohols. It was found that the resulting allylic alcohols were racemic, most likely due to a rapid addition reaction promoted by LiX (X = Br and Cl). To suppress the LiX-promoted reaction, a series of inhibitors were screened. It was found that 20-30 mol % tetraethylethylenediamine inhibited LiCl without inhibiting the chiral zinc-based Lewis acid. In this fashion, (Z)-disubstituted allylic alcohols were obtained with up to 98% ee. The asymmetric (Z)-vinylation could be coupled with tandem diastereoselective epoxidation reactions to provide epoxy alcohols and allylic epoxy alcohols with up to three contiguous stereogenic centers, enabling the rapid construction of complex building blocks with high levels of enantio- and diastereoselectivity.     

Direct, enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic amination of racemic allylic alcohols

The direct route: Iridium-catalyzed direct conversion of branched allylic alcohols into enantioenriched branched primary allylic amines is highly regio- and enantioselective (see scheme; coe=cyclooctene).     

Further studies on stereospecific epoxidation of allylic alcohols Iltifat Hasan

A stereosepcific synthesis of the epoxides $\text{4}$ and $\text{12c}$ is described.     

Direct palladium(0)-catalyzed amination of allylic alcohols with aminonaphthalenes

The direct activation of CO bonds in allylic alcohols by palladium complexes has been accelerated by carrying out the reactions in the presence of titanium reagents. The palladium-catalyzed amination of allylic alcohols using aminonaphthalenes gave N-allylic naphthylamines in good yields. The monoallylation products are formed in the main.     

A stereoselective synthesis of β,γ-disubstituted allylic alcohols of z-configuration

Reaction of alkyllithiums $\text{1}$ with isoprene epoxide $\text{2}$ gives β,γ-disubstituted allylic alcohols $\text{3}$ of Z-configuration. The reaction of π-lithiotricyclene as alkyllithium gives α-santalol $\text{5}$, which is one of the main constituents in East Indian sandalwood oil.     

Direct catalytic azidation of allylic alcohols

A direct catalytic azidation of primary, secondary, and tertiary allylic alcohols has been developed. This new azidation reaction affords the corresponding allylic azides in high to excellent yields and regioselectivities. The reaction provides straightforward access to allylic azides that are valuable intermediates in organic synthesis, including the preparation of primary amines or 1,2,3-triazole derivatives.     

A one-pot multicomponent coupling reaction for the stereocontrolled synthesis of (Z)-trisubstituted allylic alcohols

In this Communication, we outline a new one-pot, multicomponent coupling reaction that allows easy access to (Z)-trisubstituted allylic alcohols. Our strategy is based on E to Z isomerization of the 1-bromo-1-dialkylvinylborane upon reaction with dialkylzinc reagents, and subsequent transmetalation to give (Z)-trisubstituted vinylzinc species. In situ trapping of the reactive vinylzinc intermediates with aldehydes furnished a series of (Z)-trisubstituted allylic alcohols. This method represents a viable alternative to the Still-Gennari modification of the HWE olefination reaction, and it has the advantage that it allows coupling of larger fragments.     

Direct conversion of benzylic and allylic alcohols to phosphonates

Benzyl phosphonate esters often serve as reagents in Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions. In most cases, they can be prepared from benzylic alcohols via formation of the corresponding halide followed by an Arbuzov reaction. To identify a more direct synthesis of phosphonate esters, we have developed a one-flask procedure for conversion of benzylic and allylic alcohols to the corresponding phosphonates through treatment with triethyl phosphite and ZnI(2).     

Direct preparation of allylic indium(III) reagents from allylic alcohols via a reductive transmetalation of pi-allylnickel(II) with indium(I) iodide

InI-mediated direct allylation of carbonyl compounds with allylic alcohols proceeded smoothly with catalytic amounts of Ni(acac)(2) and PPh(3) to give the corresponding homoallylic alcohols in high yields. Allylindium compounds were shown to be the real allylating agents in the present system. Substituted allylic alcohols gave branched homoallylic alcohols with syn-selectivity irrespective of the geometry of the starting allylic alcohols, whereas high anti-selectivity was observed when a bulky substituent is present in the allylic alcohols. The outcome of the diastereoselectivity is discussed on the basis of the reaction mechanism, comparing with the corresponding Pd-catalyzed version. Another distinct behavior between the Ni- and Pd-catalyzed allylation was demonstrated in the reaction of hex-1,5-diene-3,4-diol derivatives: the Pd catalyst did not give any coupling product, whereas the Ni-catalyzed InI-mediated reaction with benzaldehyde afforded the 1:1 and 1:2 adduct diols selectively depending on the reaction conditions.     

Synthesis of 3-trifluoroethylfurans by palladium-catalyzed cyclization-isomerization of (Z)-2-alkynyl-3-trifluoromethyl allylic alcohols

Hydroiodonation of trifluoromethyl propargylic alcohols 1 regio- and stereoselectively produce (Z)-2-iodo-3-trifluoromethyl allylic alcohols 2. (Z)-2-Alkynyl-3-trifluoromethyl allylic alcohols 5, available through Pd(PPh3)4-mediated coupling of 2 and terminal alkynes 4, cyclize and subsequently isomerize to 3-trifluoroethylfurans 6 upon catalysis under PdCl2(CH3CN)2 in THF at 5-10 degrees C.     

Direct use of allylic alcohols in the allylation of sulfonylimidates

We have developed catalytic allylation reactions of sulfonylimidates using allylic alcohols as allylating reagents. Stoichiometric amounts of neither activators nor bases are required in this reaction.     

Direct use of allylic alcohols for platinum-catalyzed monoallylation of amines

A new direct catalytic amination of allylic alcohols promoted by the combination of platinum and a large bite-angle ligand DPEphos was developed in which the allylic alcohol was effectively converted to a pi-allylplatinum intermediate without the use of an activating reagent. The use of the DPEphos ligand was essential for obtaining high catalyst activity and high monoallylation selectivity of primary amines, allowing the formation of a variety of monoallylation products in good to excellent yield.     

钯催化下(Z)-3-碘-3-三氟甲基-1-芳基烯丙醇与末端炔 烃的偶联反应

在Pd(PPh~3)~4/CuI催化下和使用1mol的NEt~3作碱和THF作溶剂,(Z)-3-碘-3-三氟甲基-1-芳基烯丙醇(1)与末端炔烃(3)反应得到正常的偶联产物5。当以NEt~3作碱和溶剂,Pd(PPh~3)~4/CuI催化1与3的交叉偶联反应生成化合物4。4为正常偶联化合物5在NEt~3存在下双键发生重排反应的产物。     

Direct and stereospecific synthesis of allenes via reduction of propargylic alcohols with Cp2Zr(H)Cl

Allenes can be synthesized via the direct SN2' addition of hydride to propargylic alcohols. Previous examples of this approach, however, have involved harsh reaction conditions and have suffered from incomplete transfer of central chirality to axial chirality. Here we show that Cp2Zr(H)Cl can react with the zinc or magnesium alkoxides of propargylic alcohols to generate allenes in good yield and in high optical purity. Dialkyl-, alkyl-aryl-, and diaryl-allenes are accessible by this method. Furthermore, the reaction can provide silyl-substituted allenes, trisubstituted allenes, and terminal allenes.     

Syntheses of (S,S)-reboxetine via a catalytic stereospecific rearrangement of beta-amino alcohols

The formal total synthesis of (S,S)-reboxetine has been realized by two different approaches using a stereospecific rearrangement of beta-amino alcohols catalyzed by (CF3CO)2O.     

Osmium (VI) catalyzed chemoselective oxidation of allylic and benzylic alcohols

A mild and highly chemoselective approach to oxidation of allylic, electron rich/deficient benzylic, and heterocyclic alcohols employing catalytic quantities of K₂[OsO₂(OH)₄] (3 mol %) and chloramine-T (50 mol %) is described. The protocol offers short reaction times (25 min–2 h), controlled oxidation, and tolerance to a variety of substrates. A systematic mechanistic study based on the LC-ESI-MS/MS reveals the presence of imidotriooxoosmium species which further reacts with alcohol to give the oxidized product.     

Regio- and stereoselective selenium dioxide allylic oxidation of (E)-dialkyl alkylidenesuccinates to (Z)-allylic alcohols: synthesis of natural and unnatural butenolides

The first SeO(2) induced (Z)-selective allylic alcohol formation of dialkyl alkylidenesuccinates has been demonstrated to accomplish one-step syntheses of several essential butenolides and fused butenolides via an unusual E- to Z- carbon-carbon double bond isomerisation followed by the lactonization pathway. The observed regio- and stereoselective SeO(2) allylic oxidation protocol has also been extended to the diastereoselective total synthesis of bioactive natural product isomintlactone, its direct conversion to mintlactone and an example of the base-catalyzed intramolecular rearrangement of γ-lactone to δ-lactone.