Character analysis of slow light with communication waveband in fiber optical parametric amplifier

The comprehensive characters of delay time and delay bandwidth with distortion, signal wavelength dependence and delay bandwidth product in fiber optical parametric amplifier are investigated theoretically when the pump locates at anomalous dispersion region. The delay character of single pulse, data stream with certain bit pattern and pseudo random data stream are analyzed comprehensively. In this category of fiber optical parametric amplifier, the delay time and delay bandwidth product vary from signal wavelengths and bit rates. For the same nonlinear coefficient, pump power and fiber length, the diverse dependences of bit pattern in different signal wavelengths are found by numerical simulation. The impacts of pump power and fiber length on the delay character and distortion are also discussed. These relations are conductive to the design of slow light based on fiber optical parametric amplifier in telecommunication waveband.     

单模光纤开关特性的研究

首次对单模光纤的开关特性进行了分析和计算,得出了色散光纤中不仅存在开关信号的延迟,而且开关速度将受到限制,给出了计算光纤开关时间(上升时间或下降时间)的公式。公式表明,光纤的开关时间与色散绝对值的平方根成正比,与长度的平方根成正比。工作在1.55μm波长的长1km的G652光纤,其开关时间约为7ps,这一参量最终限制了由光纤构成的二光平开关器件的开关速度。     

掺铒光纤中亚稳态粒子振荡和慢光时间延迟关系研究

由于光纤慢光在实际中的应用价值引起广泛关注. 技术手段上利用相干布居振荡效应实现光速可控更具有优势. 本文主要介绍了利用相干布居振荡效应 (CPO) 实现掺铒光纤中的光速减慢传输, 通过改变掺杂浓度、光纤长度、入射信号光及抽运光功率等参量, 具体研究了亚稳态粒子振荡和时间延迟的关系. 研究结果表明: 选择高浓度光纤、增加光纤长度、关闭抽运光源, 选择适当强度的信号光可以有效地增大时间延迟. 关键词： 掺铒光纤 时间延迟 相干布居振荡 慢光     

主动相位偏置折叠型萨尼亚克光纤传感阵列时分复用技术

针对折叠结构萨尼亚克(Sagnac)光纤传感阵列存在噪声光与信号光混叠的问题,提出了一种主动相位偏置时分复用方案.在传统梯形结构传感阵列的基础上,通过调整总线光纤的长度关系和附加延迟光纤的方法,使噪声光和信号光依次交替返回而不会发生混叠.进一步分析表明,通过调整延迟光纤环的长度,可以使输入光脉冲的重复频率达到标准时分复用系统重复频率的二分之一.整个阵列的相位偏置由一个与输入光脉冲同步的相位调制信号驱动集成光学芯片实现.实验演示了一个两基元的传感阵列,最小时间间隔为331.25 ns,输入光脉冲重复频率可达754.727 kHz,在5 kHz处相位灵敏度为7.3μrad√(Hz),探头间串扰约为-51.75 dB.     

高精度光链路授时时延估算

授时系统中信号单程传输时延的估算直接影响到授时的精度, 环路时延测试是估算单程传输时延的方法之一。在光缆授时系统中光纤的色散特性将导致不同波长光信号在同一光链路中的传输时延存在差异, 基于G.652光纤的色散特性, 提出的时延差精确估算方法, 能够得到这种传输时延的差异。仿真显示来回链路工作波长在1.55 μm附近时, 此方法能够很好地补偿时延差, 从而精确估算信号传输时延。     

基于偏振叠加和干涉两种方法的可控光脉冲延时器

可控的光信号延时在科研和通信领域有着广泛的应用.本文提出了两种可控光脉冲延时器的方案,分别基于偏振叠加和干涉原理.通过相位调制器的调制将光脉冲约束在一个环路中,需要时再释放,以达到光脉冲延时的目的.调节环路的长度和循环的次数便可以实现延时时间的可控.这两种方案均可以应用于全光纤光路中,通过集成光学技术可以实现微小尺寸的封装.基于偏振叠加的方案还可以方便地应用于自由空间光延时. 关键词： 光延时 可控 偏振 干涉     

Multiple-element photonic microwave true-time-delay beamforming incorporating a tunable chirped fiber Bragg grating with symmetrical bending technique

We experimentally demonstrate a novel scheme for a multiple-element photonic microwave true-time-delay device with high tunability based on a tunable chirped fiber Bragg grating without center wavelength shift. We achieve the different true time delay by controlling the grating period of a chirped fiber Bragg grating based on the symmetrical bending technique as a multiwavelength signal source is applied to carry microwave signals. The proposed method does not require the complex structure of systems, wavelength tuning, and synchronization of optical devices such as tunable bandpass filters and optical input signals. We achieve the tunabilty of the time delay for a microwave signal carried over an optical signal in a range from 1 to 230 ps.     

Backward influence of the interference signal from the sensors of physical quantities on the radiation intensity spectrum of a low-coherent source

We consider specific features of optical-circuit operation in the presence of radiation which is returned to the source after having passed an optical path exceeding the initial coherence length of the reference wave when, as was previously assumed, the delay modulation should not influence the oscillation mode. However, experiments with the Michelson and Sagnac fiber interferometers showed that intensity modulation of the interference signal and, therefore, intensity modulation of the source radiation related to the active-medium nonlinearity appear when the interfering waves with the phase-difference modulation return. The revealed effect leads to distortion of a signal at the interferometer output irrespectively of the delay time and can be removed by placing an optical isolator at the source output.     

频域反射法光纤延时精密测量

本文提出了一种应用于光纤延时系统中实现光纤延时精密测量的新方法,用以提高光纤延时测量的精度和准确性.该方法以1064 nm激光调制信号作为光源,通过测量回波信号的幅值和相位信息得到被测通道的频率响应,采用快速傅里叶逆变换得到被测目标的延时信息,实现光纤延时测量.本文通过理论分析和延时测量实验对频域反射法与传统的时域测量方法进行对比,使用频域反射法在调制频率范围10—200 MHz,采样频率间隔0.5 MHz的实验条件下,实现了3.3 ps延时测量分辨率,并证明了该方法具有比时域方法更高的测量精度,测量结果的准确性更好.     

New method for self-homodyne laser linewidth measurements with a short delay fiber

A versatile method for self-homodyne laser linewidth measurements is presented. The acousto-optic modulator used in the standard self-heterodyne technique is replaced by electronic upconversion. This results in reduced optical loss and a simpler setup. The dependence of the detected homodyne signal on the mean phase difference between the mixed beams was averaged out with a phase modulator on the delay fiber. A delay fiber shorter than the coherence length of the laser can then be used.     

Conversion wavelength and power dependence of an optical delay system utilizing HNLFs and DCF

Conversion wavelength and power dependence of the time delay and output signal quality for an optical delay system consisting of dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) and highly nonlinear fibers (HNLFs) is investigated in this paper. The numerical results show that the time delay generally varies linearly with the conversion wavelength propagating through DCF and changes slightly with the power launched into HNLFs. But it has abrupt change at some values of conversion wavelength or input power level. Output signal quality of the overall system varies significantly with the conversion wavelength and input power level. The reasons behind these results are analyzed. Finally, the input power level is optimized to achieve linearly varying time delay and desirable output signal quality for an optical delay system.     

损耗可控条件下掺铒光纤中光速减慢现象的研究

由于相干布居振荡效应,光脉冲通过处于吸收状态的掺铒光纤介质时,将导致群速度传输减慢. 由掺铒光纤的吸收特性可知,此时必伴随着强烈的吸收损耗,这势必会给实际的慢光信号测量及光通信领域带来诸多的困难. 从铒离子基态粒子速率方程出发,对损耗可控条件下的光速减慢传输进行了数值仿真研究,并加以实验验证. 研究表明：抽运光强度越高,信号光损耗系数越小;抽运掺铒光纤长度越长,信号光损耗系数越小. 通过优化抽运光强度、掺铒光纤长度等参量,可以实现损耗可控条件下的光脉冲群速度减慢传输. 关键词： 时间延迟 吸收损耗 掺铒光纤     

适用于光突发交换网的可编程光缓存器

提出了两种适用于光突发交换网的可编程光缓存器结构：交叉型和多端口开关型.两种结构都能满足突发包缓存的超长性和可变性的要求,且结构简单紧凑,成本低,可扩展.交叉型缓存器通过指定信号在每个子缓存模块的光纤环中的循环次数即能实现可变时间的延迟.多端口开关型缓存器通过指定信号在两个多端口开关相应端口与所接光纤延迟线组成的光纤环中的循环次数实现可变时间的延迟.仿真结果表明,两种可编程光缓存器都能对光突发包实现ns级指定时间延迟,可用于解决光突发交换网突发包的冲突问题.     

基于重采样技术的调频连续波激光绝对测距高精度及快速测量方法研究

调频连续波激光测距方法可以实现高精度的大尺寸绝对距离测量, 且测量过程无需合作目标, 在大空间坐标精密测量领域有很高的研究价值. 而如何提高测量分辨率和实用化一直是近年来调频连续波激光绝对测距研究的热点. 本文研究了调频连续波激光测距的原理, 基于双光路调频连续波激光测距系统, 提出了通过信号拼接提高测量分辨率的信号处理优化方案, 该方案可以提高测距分辨率, 且可以降低对激光器的性能要求; 提出了可实现高速测量的简易测量方法. 设计加工了双光路光纤调频连续波激光测距系统, 利用该系统进行了测距分辨率及测距误差标定实验, 实验结果表明: 优化方案可以有效地提高测量分辨率和测量效率, 在26 m测量范围内, 测距分辨率达到了50 μm, 测距误差不超过100 μm; 快速测量方案有较高实用价值.     

Simple and highly accurate technique for time delay measurement in optical fibers by free-running laser configuration

A novel and simple technique for the measurement of time delay in the optical fiber by a free-running laser is proposed and demonstrated. The fiber to be measured was spliced to an erbium-doped fiber so as to form a ring-cavity laser. The mode beating frequency of the laser was measured to determine the round-trip time delay. This precise and efficient technique has an accuracy of 10(-8) for a fiber length of 100 km and of 10(-6) for a several-meters-long one.     

A novel method for measuring optical fiber delay lines based on the optical fiber low-coherence Young's interferometer

According to the principle of double-beam interference imaging using an infrared broadband light source, a novel method based on the optical fiber low-coherence Young's interferometer for the measurement of programmable optical fiber delay line is proposed. By measuring the small length increments of delay fiber through the evaluation of the central positions of zero-order interference fringes, we successfully construct a system with a variety of important functions, such as real-time controlling, measurement and displaying. This system offers the benefit that it can be regulated precisely to generate interference stripes once again after the length of fiber segment changes. When the locations of central stripes are moved to coincide with the original markers, the determination of the corresponding fiber optical delay time becomes really simplified, as just by reading out the tinny displacement of the reference arm. Multiple groups of experimental results demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed system since it bears a measuring accuracy of μm and a measuring range from 1 mm to 20 cm.     

Time Domain Optical Spectrometry with Fiber Optic Waveguides

Abstract

The transit time, τ, of a light pulse in a fiber optic waveguide is a function not only of the fiber length but also of the frequency content of the pulse and, to some extent, the electric and magnetic field distributions within the fiber. Thus, we can write τ = τ(L, γ, μ, v) where L is the fiber length and γ is the wavelength. The integers and v index the mode of propagation which is excited. The purpose of this article is to review a number of ways the various transit time effects in optical fibers can be used to measure optical spectra in the time domain. Conventional spectrometers disperse the light spatially. The spectrum is measured either with an array of detectors or, if a single detector is used, by mechanically scanning some element of the spectrometer. The instruments described in this review use optical fibers to selectively delay the wavelength components of a modulated light source so that these components arrive sequentially at a single detector. If the light source is already pulsed, these instruments have the same inherent capability as a multiple detector spectrometer in terms of measurement time or signal-to-noise ratio. For a steady source, special modulation schemes can be used to improve the signal collection and reduce the effective dead time required to measure the dispersed light.     

Tunable slow and fast light with large bandwidth in the band-edge of gain spectrum of the wide band fiber optical parametric amplifier

We propose a novel method theoretically to generate the slow and fast light with large bandwidth and low gains, which is based on the parametric process in fiber. In our scheme, the wide band fiber optical parametric amplifier is employed and the whole signal bandwidth should be located at a certain frequency range of the band-edge of gain spectrum, and then signal waves will be delayed or advanced with low signal gains because of the peculiar feature of signal gain and phase shift. By changing the pump power, the delay time is continuously-tunable optically. The ultimate delay bandwidth and the delay bandwidth product are constrained by the shape of time delay spectrum. Our simulation verifies that 22.4 ps delay or advanced time for the bandwidth of 10 GHz with little distortion can be obtained at certain wavelengths in the optical communication waveband, and their gains are nearly zero. The tunable range is from 0 ps to 22.4 ps for the signal bandwidth of 10 GHz, and it is from 0 ps to 15.6 ps for the bandwidth of 15 GHz. This type of slow and fast light in wide band FOPA has the potential capability to produce the tunable slow and fast light for large bandwidth with low signal gains in future.     

马赫-曾德光纤干涉光谱测量系统的设计

光纤干涉光谱仪由于其体积小、分辨率高、抗电磁干扰和耐高温的特点,广泛应用于各种领域的物质检测中。设计了一种使用电动光纤延迟线实现光程差调制的基于Mach-Zehnder光纤干涉仪的光谱测量系统。介绍了系统的构成,推导了基于该系统的光谱计算公式以及分辨率计算公式。搭建了实验平台,对一宽谱光源进行测试,并采集其干涉信号,解调出了相应的光谱图。对结果进行分析,当最大光程差变为0.479 5 cm时,光谱分辨率为2.085 4 cm-1。电动光纤延迟线的性能在很大程度上决定了最终解调出的光谱的分辨率、精度,尤其是速度和延时时间的精度和线性度。     

Research on the temperature characteristics of optical fiber refractive index

The delay of optical signal is determined by the refractive index and length of optical fiber, and temperature would have an intense influence on the index. To establish the relationship between refractive index and temperature, the temperature characteristics of refractive index was analyzed and the thermo-optical coefficient equation was derived according to the polarization of the induced electric dipole moment in SiO₂ optical fiber. A measuring system based on optical fiber delay was carried out to measure the index within the temperature range of −30 °C to 70 °C and the experimental result was compared with the theoretical result. The final result shows that the relationship between refractive index and temperature is linear in the temperature range of discussion.