Equation of solvated ion oscillations in solution under an external periodic electric field

An equation describing ion oscillations with respect to solvent molecules is derived as a result of the consideration of the interaction of an external electric field with free and bound charges in the volume of a salt solution in a polar dielectric liquid. An analysis of the equation shows that the ion motion represents a drift toward one of the electrodes forming the field in the electroinsulated solution volume if amplitudes and durations of sinusoidal field half-periods are different.     

Absorption optical bistability in semiconductors under the action of an external electric field

The conditions for the realization of absorption optical bistability under the simultaneous action of two (radiative and nonradiative) mechanisms of recombination of free charge carriers are investigated. It is shown that, in the diffusion mechanism of stream of free electrons from the beam axis, the temperature dependence of radiative recombination does not expand the temperature range of the thermostat in which the optical bistability occurs. A scheme is proposed with application of an external transverse electric field, which makes it possible to realize absorption optical bistability at any ambient temperature. An important advantage of this scheme is the conservation of the state of a bistable system after the action of a light pulse and a significant decrease in the energy spent on cooling of the medium.     

外电场作用下FO分子的特性研究

采用密度泛函的B3P86方法,以6-311+G(3df)为基函数优化得到不同外电场下FO基态分子的稳定几何结构、键长、总能量、HOMO能级、LUMO能级、费米能级、能隙、红外光谱和谐振频率.结果表明,分子结构与外电场有着强烈的依赖关系,且对电场方向的依赖呈现出不对称性;随着正向电场的增大,HOMO能级、LUMO能级和费米能级是减小的,能隙是先增大后减小;红外光谱和谐振频率是增大的,而频率间隔是不断减小的.     

Theoretical investigation on the oligothienoacenes under the influence of external electric field

Theoretical investigation on a series of oligothienoacenes has been carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G* level by considering the influence of the external electric field. With the electric field increasing, the carbon-carbon single bonds become shorter and the carbon-carbon double bonds become longer, resulting in a better conjugation. Due to the different electron density, the charge mobility of the sulfur is more obvious than that of the carbon. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap decreases with the EF intensity increasing. The applied EF also changes the spatial distribution of the molecular orbits: LUMO and several higher orbitals shift to the high potential side, whereas HOMO and several lower ones shift to the low potential side. All these features behave more pronounced with increasing conjugated chain length.     

外场下SnS分子结构及其特性

对S原子采用6-311++G**基组,Sn原子采用SDB-cc-pVTZ基组,利用密度泛函(B3P86)方法对SnS分子进行了基态结构优化,并研究了外场作用下SnS基态分子键长、能量、能级分布、电荷布居分布、谐振频率和红外谱强度的影响规律.然后利用含时密度泛函(TD-B3P86)方法研究了SnS分子在外场下的激发特性.结果表明,在所加的电场范围内(-0.04 a.u.-0.04 a.u.),随着正向电场的增大,分子键长和红外谱强度均是先减小后增大;总能E,SnS基态分子的最高已占据轨道能量EH和谐振频率均是先增大后减小;分子的最低未占空轨道能量EL和能隙Eg均随正向电场的增大而减小.随着正向电场的增大,SnS分子由基态至前9个单重激发态跃迁的波长增大,激发能则减小.     

外电场下氨分子光谱与激发特性研究

利用筛选的B3PW91密度泛函方法在CC-PVQZ基组下优化出氨分子的基态稳定构型,并考察了不同外电场对NH₃分子的特性及红外光谱(IR)的影响,在此基础上利用TD-DFT考察了不同外电场对NH₃分子前9个激发态的影响.结果表明：电场由0 a.u.增加至0.04 a.u.时,NH₃的构型参数与电场强度有明显的依赖关系;总能量(E_T)呈下降的趋势;偶极矩(μ)呈增加的趋势;最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)的能级呈降低的趋势,最低空分子轨道(LUMO)的能级呈增加的趋势;能隙(E_G)呈增加的趋势,即外电场会影响NH₃参与化学反应的能力;IR在电场考察范围内的特征峰位置及强度均会受到电场的影响,即可利用电场对分子的IR进行调控,从而便于对相关谱图信息的捕捉;外电场对NH₃分子的激发能及振子强度均有影响,因此,可以利用外电场来调控NH₃的激发特性.     

外电场下二氧化锆的分子结构及其特性

对O原子采用6-311++G*基组,Zr原子采用aug-cc-pVTZ-PP基组,利用密度泛函(B3P86)方法优化得到了ZrO2分子的稳定构型,并研究了不同外电场(0—0.025 a.u.)作用下ZrO2基态分子键长、能量、电荷分布、偶极矩和能级的变化规律.在优化构型的基础上,利用含时密度泛函(TD-B3P86)方法研究了ZrO2分子在外电场作用下前6个激发态的激发能、跃迁波长和振子强度的激发特性.研究结果表明:随着电场强度的增大,Zr—2O的键长增大,而Zr—3O的键长均匀减少,总能量降低,偶极矩增大;最高占据轨道能量基本保持不变,最低未占据轨道和能隙均减小.电场的增大使得激发能减小,各个激发态跃迁波长均发生不同程度的红移现象,因而,利用外电场可以控制ZrO2的发光光谱范围在可见-红外区域扩展.     

外电场下甲醛的分子光谱与解离特性研究

摘要：以CC-PVQZ为基组,采用筛选的B3LYP研究了不同外电场对CH2O分子基态结构、电荷分布、总能量、电偶极距、最高占据轨道(HOMO)能级、最低占据轨道(LUMO)能级、能隙、红外光谱、拉曼光谱及CH2O分子中1C-2H键解离的影响。研究表明：电场由-0.04 a.u.变化至0.04 a.u.时,CH2O的结构参数与电场有明显依赖关系;体系总能量呈下降趋势;偶极矩呈增加趋势;HOMO能级与LUMO能级均逐步降低;能隙则呈增加趋势,即CH2O参与化学反应的能力会受到电场的影响;红外与拉曼光谱在电场考察范围内均出现红移现象,且光谱强度还会受到电场的影响,即可利用电场对分子的红外及拉曼光谱进行调控,从而便于对相关谱图信息的捕捉;CH2O分子中的1C-2H键的束缚情况会受不同电场的影响,且1C-2H键解离势垒与电场具有极高相关性,研究结果为电场降解甲醛提供了重要的理论依据。     

Saturated sodium chloride solution under an external static electric field: A molecular dynamics study

The behavior of saturated aqueous Na Cl solutions under a constant external electric field(E) was studied by molecular dynamics(MD) simulation. Our dynamic MD simulations indicated that the irreversible nucleation process towards crystallization is accelerated by a moderate E but retarded or even prohibited under a stronger E, which can be understood by the competition between self-diffusion and drift motion. The former increases with E, thereby accelerating the nucleation process, whereas the latter pulls oppositely charged ions apart under a stronger E, thereby decelerating nucleation.Additionally, our steady-state MD simulations indicated that a first-order phase transition occurs in saturated solutions at a certain threshold Ec. The magnitude of Ec increases with concentration because larger clusters form more easily when the solution is more concentrated and require a stronger E to dissociate.     

外电场作用下MgO分子的特性研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法在6-311+G（2DF）水平上研究了电场强度为-003—003 a.u.的外电场对MgO基态分子的几何结构、HOMO能级、LUMO能级、能隙、费米能级、谐振频率和红外光谱强度的影响规律.结果表明,在所加的电场范围内,随着正向电场的增大核间距先减小后增大,在F=002 a.u.时,R_e取得最小为017397 nm;分子总能量不断升高,但增大的幅度呈减小的趋势; E_H先增大后减小,在 关键词： MgO 外电场 能隙 红外     

外电场作用下SiO电子结构特性研究

在得到SiO分子基态稳定构型的基础上，选用B3P86/6-311++g(d，p)方法优化得到了不同外电场(-0.03—0.03a.u.)下SiO分子基态的稳定电子结构，研究了外电场对SiO分子基态键长、能量、电荷分布、能级分布，能隙及红外光谱的影响规律.结果表明，分子结构与电场呈现强烈的依赖关系，且对电场的方向依赖呈现出不对称性.同时在正向外电场逐渐增大的过程中，SiO分子能隙始终处于减小趋势，占据轨道的电子易于激发至空轨道，因而为研究材料的电致发光机理奠定了一定的理论基础.     

Enhancement of the diffraction efficiency of the hologram recorded in photorefractive media under the action of external electric field

Diffraction efficiency as a function of the applied electric field for the non-linear regime has been calculated by solving numerically the beam coupling equations. The refractive index variation used in the beam coupling equations was calculated directly from the material rate equations via the total space charge field. The diffraction efficiency of the holograms recorded in photorefractive media is not only a function of the applied external electric field but also a function of crystal thickness, diffusion field, reduced fringe contrast modulation ratio and absorption coefficient of the materials. The effects of these parameters on the efficiency of the holograms have been studied in details. In the absence of the external applied field, it is found that the diffraction efficiency of the holograms could be maximized for a thinner photorefractive crystal having lower absorption coefficient and higher value of diffusion field, which could exist at a much lower value of reduced fringe contrast modulation ratio of the index grating. More efficient holograms can be recorded in the presence of the externally applied electric field as compared to the case of no external field.     

外电场作用下苯乙烯分子结构和电子光谱

采用密度泛函B3P86方法在6-311G基组水平上优化得到了在不同外电场(0—0.05a.u.)作用下,苯乙烯分子的基态电子状态、几何结构、电偶极矩和分子总能量.在优化构型下利用杂化CIS-DFT方法(CIS-B3P86)研究了同样外电场条件下对苯乙烯的激发能和振子强度的影响.计算结果表明,分子几何构型与电场大小呈现强烈的依赖关系,分子偶极矩随电场的增加而增大.分子总能量随着电场增加而降低.激发能随电场增加快速减小,表明在电场作用下,分子易于激发和解离. 关键词： 苯乙烯 电场 激发态 杂化CIS-DFT     

外电场下二氧化硫的分子结构及其特性

以6-311++g(3d, p)为基组, 采用B3P86方法研究了不同外电场(-0.04-0.04 a.u.)对SO₂分子基态的几何参数、电荷分布、能量、电偶极距、最高占据轨道(HOMO)能级、最低占据轨道(LUMO)能级及能隙的影响, 在优化构型的基础上, 采用含时密度泛函(TD-B3P86)方法研究了SO₂分子在外电场作用下前9个激发态的激发能、跃迁波长和振子强度. 研究表明: SO₂的几何参数与电场强度大小及方向均有明显的依赖关系. 电场由-0.04 a.u. 变化至0.04 a.u.时, 体系的总能量先增加后减小; 偶极矩先减小后增加; HOMO能级一直减小; LUMO能级先增加后减小; 能隙先增加后减小. 激发态的激发能、跃迁波长和振子强度与电场关联均较为复杂, 说明SO₂的激发特性易受外电场影响.     

Tribological system in the boundary friction mode under a periodic external action

A mechanical analog of a tribological system in the boundary friction mode is studied. A thermodynamic model is used to analyze the first-order phase transition between liquidlike and solidlike structures of a lubricant. The time dependences of the friction force, the relative velocity of the interacting surfaces, and the elastic component of the shear stresses appearing in the lubricant are obtained. It is shown that, in the liquidlike state, the shear modulus of the lubricant and the elastic stresses become zero. The intermittent (stick-slip) friction mode detected experimentally is described. It is shown that, as the lubricant temperature increases, the frequency of phase transitions between the lubricant structural states decreases and the total friction force and elastic stress amplitudes lower. When the temperature or the elastic strain exceeds the corresponding critical value, the lubricant melts and a kinetic slip mode in which the elastic component of the friction force is zero takes place.     

强磁与应力场耦合作用下AZ31镁合金塑性变形行为

研究强磁场对AZ31镁合金塑变能力和微观组织的作用,在3 T脉冲强磁场条件下对合金进行磁场耦合应力时的拉伸实验.采用电子背散射衍射、Ⅹ射线衍射和透射电镜分析等方法研究材料的微观组织.结果表明:与0 T拉伸试样相比,3 T拉伸试样抗拉强度和延伸率分别提高了2.2%和28.7%,说明将强磁场耦合作用于材料塑性变形过程时,能在不降低材料强度的同时提高镁合金的塑性变形能力,有助于同步改善材料强韧性.磁场作用机理主要表现为磁致塑性效应,计算表明主要合金相β(Mg_(17)Al_(12))为顺磁性,有助于发挥磁场作用效果.磁场提高了位错运动灵活性并促使位错增殖,晶界处位错堆积和应力集中促进了再结晶形成,晶粒发生细化,发挥细晶强韧化效果;同时磁场诱发塑性变形时的晶粒转动,新生成非基面取向的晶粒弱化了镁合金(0001)基面织构,该组织特征有助于提高材料的塑变能力.     

外电场作用下ZnO分子的结构特性研究

本文以6-311++g(d,p)为基组, 采用密度泛函理论的B3P86方法优化得到了ZnO分子的基态稳定构型, 并计算了不同外电场(-0.05–0.05a.u.)下ZnO基态分子的稳定电子结构, 研究外电场对ZnO基态分子键长、总能量、电荷分布、能级分布、能隙及红外光谱的影响. 结果表明: 外加电场的大小和方向对分子结构和电子特性均有明显影响. 随着正向外加电场的增加, ZnO基态分子的平衡键长先减小后增加, 而分子总能量、振动频率和红外光谱的强度均先增加后减小. 分子的最高占据轨道能量E_H、最低未占据轨道能量E_L和能隙E_g始终处于减小趋势, 因而占据轨道的电子更容易被激发至空轨道. 这一结果可为ZnO分子的电致发光机理研究提供一定的理论参考. 关键词： ZnO 外电场 结构参数 激发     

外电场作用下Si_2O分子的激发特性

主要对2种Si2O分子异构体的激发特性进行研究,由计算结果可知,外电场对Si2O分子的激发能,振子强度,跃迁偶极矩及吸收光谱有着显著的影响.无外电场时三角型Si2O(C2v,1A1)分子在可见光区无吸收谱,外电场作用下其在可见光区(407.18—526.93nm)有比较弱的吸收谱.直线型Si-Si-O(C∞v,3Σ-)分子在有无外电场作用时在蓝光和紫光区均有一定的吸收谱,其中比较难得的是在蓝色光区(478.88—488.59nm)呈现较强的吸收谱.     

氯乙烯在外电场下的激发态结构研究

采用密度泛函B3P86方法在6-311G基组上优化了不同外电场作用下氯乙烯分子的基态几何结构、电偶极矩和分子的总能量,然后利用杂化CIS-DFT方法(CIS-B3P86)在相同基组下探讨了无电场时氯乙烯分子前9个激发态的激发能、波长和振子强度和外电场对氯乙烯分子激发态的影响规律.结果表明,分子的几何构型与外电场大小有着强烈的依赖关系.随着外电场的增大,分子总能量先增大后减小,电偶极矩μ先减小后增大.激发能随电场增加快速减小,表明在外电场作用下,氯乙烯分子易于激发和离解.激发态波长随电场的增大而不断增大,且其电子跃迁光谱都集中在紫外区.     

外电场作用下L1OH分子的特性研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-311G(d,p)基组水平上优化了不同外电场下L1OH分子的基态稳定构型、电偶极矩和分子的总能量,并且分析了L1OH分子的HOMO-2到LUMO+2轨道的能量变化,然后利用杂化CIS方法在6-311G(d,p)的基组下计算了外电场L1OH分子的前9个激发态的激发能、波长和振子强度,结果表明:在没有外电场时,L1OH分子的激发态都能够激发;在有外电场的作用下,总能量随外电场的增加而逐渐减少,偶极矩随外电场的增加而不断增加,前线轨道能量随外电场的增加不断减少,轨道分布受外电场的影响很大;外电场对L1OH分子的激发波长也产生了一定影响.