涡旋提取-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定酸性和中性土壤中交换性盐基总量

传统的土壤交换性盐基总量检测方法前处理过程复杂,检测时间长,建立涡旋提取-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法,大大提高了检测效率。采用涡旋提取中性和酸性土壤中交换性盐基总量,结合电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）同时测定土壤提取液中交换性盐基总量钙镁钠钾含量。通过考察土液比,涡旋时间,涡旋转速以及方法的精密度和准确度。结果表明,最佳涡旋条件为土液比为1:50,涡旋时间为20 min,涡旋速度为1500 r/min。利用ICP-OES测定国家标准物质RMH-A275、RMH-A274和GBW07458a（ ASA-7a）土壤提取液中交换性盐基总量钙镁钠钾含量,各元素测定结果均在标准值范围内,相对标准偏差均小于2 %,交换性钙镁钠钾的方法检出限分别为0.048 cmol/kg、0.035 cmol/kg、0.038cmol/kg和0.072 cmol/kg。应用该方法检测20份耕地实际土壤样品,与国标法相比,交换性盐基总量钙镁钠钾的测定值相对误差均小于2 %,满足土壤样品分析检测的要求。该方法操作简便、试剂用量少,准确度和精密度好,适用于大批量生态地球化学评价土壤样品中交换性盐基总量钙镁钾钠的测定。     

聚氧化乙烯絮凝-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定土壤中水溶性钾、钠、钙、镁、硫酸根

建立了聚氧化乙烯絮凝-4000r/min离心,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定土壤水溶性钠钾钙镁硫酸根离子的方法。本法在常规方法浸提的基础上,加入聚氧化乙烯絮凝剂使溶液中的胶体形成絮凝物聚沉,制得澄清溶液,消除了胶体对钾、钠、钙、镁吸附的干扰;采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法一次性测定钾、钠、钙、镁、硫酸根,相较传统方法简便快速,结果准确可靠。本法各离子检出限为0.37-2.91g/g,相对标准偏差小于5.55%,完全满足检测要求。该法操作简便,快速,实用性强,对环境无二次污染,已成功应用于土壤水溶性钾、钠、钙、镁、硫酸根离子的测试分析中,适合土壤批量样品分析。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定植物中钾、钠、钙和镁

采用硝酸–高氯酸湿法消解或硝酸–双氧水微波消解植物样品,以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定样品溶液中钾、钠、钙和镁含量。用该法测定灌木枝叶和茶叶标准样品,测定值均在标准值范围内,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.45%~4.05%(n=8)。钾、钠、钙、镁的加标回收率分别为94.4%~107.6%,92.6%~107.9%,93.7%~105.4%,92.9%~107.2%。该方法操作简便,测量精密度和准确度完全满足植物中钾、钠、钙和镁含量的测定要求。     

聚氧化乙烯絮凝-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定土壤中水溶性钾、钠、钙、镁、硫酸根

建立了聚氧化乙烯絮凝-4000 r/min离心,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定土壤水溶性钠、钾、钙、镁、硫酸根离子的方法.在常规方法浸提的基础上,加入聚氧化乙烯絮凝剂使溶液中的胶体形成絮凝物聚沉,制得澄清溶液,消除了胶体对钾、钠、钙、镁吸附的干扰;采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钾、钠、钙、...     

Determination of magnesium and calcium ions in seawater by capillary zone electrophoresis

Capillary zone electrophoresis is proposed for the determination of magnesium and calcium ions in seawater. A carrier solution containing EDTA was adopted for the complexation of these ions and the effect of sodium chloride concentration in the sample solutions on the results was examined. It was found that magnesium and calcium ions could be determined without any pretreatment by injecting 100-fold diluted seawater samples. Linear calibration graphs were obtained for standard solutions containing up to 10.0 mg/l of calcium ion when both peak area and peak height were used. On the other hand, a linear calibration graph was obtained for standard solutions containing up to 20.0 mg/l of magnesium ion when the peak area was used, while a curved one was obtained when the peak height was used. Relative standard deviations were 0.8 and 1.2% when a standard solution containing 5.0 mg/l of magnesium and 8.0 mg/l of calcium ions was analysed 8 times using the peak area. Limits of detection for magnesium and calcium ions were 0.13 and 0.26 mg/l, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of magnesium and calcium ions in surface and bottom seawater samples.     

Determination of magnesium,calcium, sodium,and potassium in blood plasma samples by capillary zone electrophoresis

A capillary zone electrophoretic assay has been developed and validated for analysis of magnesium, calcium, sodium, and potassium in blood plasma samples. Optimum results were obtained with 20 mmol L⁻¹ imidazole (pH 2.8) and 0.5 mmol L⁻¹ oxalic acid containing 5% methanol, capillary temperature 25°C, applied voltage 30 kV, hydrodynamic injection time 3 s, and a poly(vinyl alcohol)-coated capillary (i.d. 50 μm, total length 64.5 cm and effective length 56 cm). Indirect detection was performed at 214 nm. Cadmium was used as internal standard. The migration times of magnesium, calcium, sodium, and potassium were 4.25, 3.79, 3.96, and 2.79 min, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of magnesium, calcium, sodium, and potassium in blood plasma samples. The results were compared with those from atomic absorption spectrophotometry and no statistically significant difference was found (P>0.05). This study was supported by the Turkish Republic, Prime Ministry State Planning Organization (Project Number: 98K121730)     

Single-column method of ion chromatography for the determination of common cations and some transition metals

A single-column method for the simultaneous determination of common cations and transition metals in real samples is proposed in this paper. Eleven cations (copper, lithium, sodium, ammonium, potassium, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, calcium, strontium and zinc) were separated and analyzed by means of ion chromatography using an isocratic elution with 2.5 mM methane sulfonic acid and 0.8 mM oxalic acid as mobile phase, IonPac SCS1 (250 mm x 4 mm I.D.) as the separation column and non-suppressed conductor detection. Optimized analytical conditions were further validated in terms of accuracy, precision and total uncertainty and the results showed the reliability of the IC method. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the retention time and peak area were less than 0.04 and 1.30%, respectively. The coefficients of determination for cations ranged from 0.9988 to 1.000. The method developed was successfully applied to determination of cations in samples of beer and bottled mineral water. The spiked recoveries for the cations were 94-106%. The method was applied to beer and beverage without interferences.     

Evaluation of Matrix Effects in a Pulsed Electrolyte Cathode Atmospheric Pressure Discharge Source for Atomic Emission

In sample measurements, matrix effects are unavoidable. The matrix effects are one of the main factors affecting the accuracy of the pulsed electrolyte cathode atmospheric pressure discharge detection system. The stability of sodium, potassium, and magnesium, under optimized parameters is measured; the relative standard deviation of spectral intensity is found to be no more than 2%; and the relative standard deviation of background intensity is less than 2%. The matrix effects on the elements potassium, sodium, and magnesium were studied, and the experiments showed that high concentrations of sodium and potassium interfere with each other. A concentration of 200?mg?L^?1 K⁺ affected the sodium signal with an enhancement of more than 120%; and the K⁺ intensity increased 20% in the presence of a high concentration of 200?mL^?1 Na⁺. In high concentrations of sodium or potassium, the elemental signal for magnesium enhancement was approximately 8%. Sodium, potassium, and magnesium were quantitatively determined using a mixed calibration sample. When sodium, potassium, and magnesium are present at low concentrations in solution, there were no obvious matrix effects. The sodium, potassium, and magnesium in the calibration samples are quantitatively determined. The relative error and precision are less than 3%, and the recoveries are less than 105%. The detection limits for sodium, potassium, and magnesium were found to be 2.1, 3.4, and 92.6?µg?L^?1, respectively.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测生物质中的碱金属和碱土金属

为研究并解决测试生物质样品中碱金属和碱土金属含量的干扰,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法对生物质中的碱金属和碱土金属钾、钙、钠、镁元素进行测定,考察了样品消解后不同的酸体系,共存元素干扰对钾、钠、钙、镁含量测定的干扰研究。经过研究表明,接近分析标准曲线酸浓度的样品干扰小,铅、铟、钛、锰元素对钠元素测定造成干扰,砷、铜、镉对钙元素测定干扰,铝对钾元素测定有干扰,镁测定不受共存元素干扰影响,运用干扰系数法可以减少共存元素对测定元素的误差。各待测元素标准曲线相关系数大于0.9996,检出限为0.0014~0.023 mg/L,玉米芯各元素的相对标准偏差为0.98%~1.9%,加标回收率为80.2%~106%;西瓜皮的各元素相对标准偏差为0.91%~2.3%,加标回收率为85.3%~106%。方法用于测定国家标准物质GBW07603,各元素结果均在标准值参考范围内。方法用于测定生物质中碱金属和碱土金属的结果,用t检验法与离子色谱测定值进行比对,结果无显著性差异。     

水和氯化铵提取-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定石灰性土壤中交换性钾钠钙镁

为了提高石灰性土壤中交换性钾钠钙镁的分析效率及分析准确度,本文创新性采用水和氯化铵对石灰性土壤进行处理,并采用振荡交换、离心分离的方式进行石灰盐清洗、钾钠钙镁离子交换提取,提取液直接在电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)上测定。该方法交换性盐基钙、镁、钾、钠的检出限分别为0.01、0.009、0.004、0.012cmol/kg。用国家一级标准物质GBW07498-新疆棕漠土和新疆地区石灰性土壤进行验证,方法精密度均小于5%,回收率在97％~105%。方法适用于石灰性（碱性）土壤（特别是新疆土壤）样品中交换性钾、钠、钙、镁的分析测定。     

Preconcentration and determination of calcium and magnesium in brine with flow-injection systems

On-line preconcentration on a chelating resin (Dowex A-1) and elution with 0.1 M hydorchloric acid is followed by spectrophotometry based on the metal complexes formed with 1- (2-hydroxy-4-diethylamino-1-phenylazo)-2-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid. The total concentration of calcium and magnesium is determined; in a second sample, calcium is masked with a ligand buffer containing excess of barium(II) and EGTA, and magnesium is determined. The calcium concentration is measured by difference. Magnesium (1–30 μg l^?1 and calcium (8– 10 μg l^?1) in 2.5 M sodium chloride can be determined. Calcium and magnesium in analytical reagent-grade sodium chloride and potassium chloride and primary standard sodium chloride are aslo determined. The method based on the exchange between calcium ions and Mg(EDTA) is proposed to enchance the sensitivity for calcium.     

EDTA络合滴定法快速测定矿石中钙、镁

试样用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解,在pH值为6～9时,经六次甲基四胺-铜试剂分离铁、铝、镍、钴、铅、锌、铜、镉、锰等干扰元素后,在pH=10的氨水和氯化铵缓冲溶液中,以酸性铬蓝K-萘酚绿B为指示剂,用EDTA络合滴定法测定钙镁合量;另在氢氧化钾溶液中,用钙试剂为指示剂,以EDTA络合滴定法测定钙量,从而计算镁的含量。当样品钙高镁低或者镁高钙低时,低含量的镁量或钙量(<5%)可用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法准确测定,使结果更准确。实验中对三个标准样品中的钙和镁进行多次测定,结果与认定值相符,相对标准偏差在0.69%～1.3%(n=7),加标回收率在99%～102%。方法实用性强,已经成功应用于各类矿石中钙镁的检测。     

Elemental Analysis of Mineral Water by Solution-Cathode Glow Discharge–Atomic Emission Spectrometry

A solution-cathode glow discharge was used for atomic emission spectrometry. The acidic reagent, discharge current, and flow rate were optimized. The detection limits for sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were 1.51, 4.13, 131, and 54.9?µg?L^?1, respectively. The relative standard deviation for five replicates was from 0.52 to 3.00%. Sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were determined in mineral water by solution-cathode glow discharge–atomic emission spectrometry. The results demonstrate that the protocol is suitable for the elemental analysis of mineral water.     

An ion-exchange scheme for the determination of the major cations in sea water

A cation-exchange scheme is described for the determination of the principal cations in sea water. The cations are adsorbed onto a column of Amberlite CG 120. Sodium and potassium are eluted together using 0.15 M ammonium chloride and determined gravimetrically as sulphates; potassium is then determined gravimetrically as potassium tetraphenylboron and sodium is determined by difference. Magnesium and calcium are eluted by means of 0.35 M ammonium chloride and 1 M ammonium acetylacetonate (pH 9.6) respectively, and titrated with EDTA. Finally, strontium is eluted with 2 M nitric acid and determined by flame photometry. Tests made using an artificial sea water showed that the method had coefficients of variation of 0.02, o.22, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.8% for sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and strontium respectively.     

微波等离子体原子发射光谱法(MP-AES)测定果汁中的常量元素

介绍了使用配有Agilent 4107氮气发生器的Agilent 4200微波等离子体原子发射光谱法(MPAES)分析果汁样品中的钙、镁、钠和钾等常量元素的分析方法,在分析两种质量控制(QC)测试材料时,加标回收率在90%~110%,6h中所有四种元素的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于4%。与火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)相比,MP-AES的等离子体源在检出限和线性动态范围等性能方面有所改善,MP-AES无需使用可燃性气体,也无需使用昂贵又费时的改性剂和电离抑制剂,对标准物质的测定结果与标准值基本一致。4200 MP-AES将是替代火焰原子吸收仪器的理想选择。     

原子吸收光谱和原子发射光谱法测定酸雨中钾、钠、钙、镁方法比较

采用原子吸收光谱法和原子发射光谱法分别测定了酸雨中的钾、钠、钙、镁4种元素的含量,并对两种方法的样品前处理技术、标准曲线、方法检出限、准确度、精密度、干扰及消除等进行了比较研究。结果表明,两种方法无显著性差异,均可用于酸雨中钾、钠、钙、镁4种元素的测定。     

Differentiation of Spanish brandies according to their metal content

Eleven metals, namely, aluminium, calcium, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium and zinc were determined in twenty samples of Sherry brandies and twelve samples of Penedés brandies by applying atomic spectrometry techniques. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used for quantitating calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese and zinc; atomic emission spectrometry to determine potassium and sodium; and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry to analyse aluminium, cadmium and lead. A chemometric approach was followed to study the discrimination between brandies from Sherry or Penedés according to the metal profile.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定气井产出液中金属元素

气井产出液中金属元素组成和含量的测定,对于集输系统缓蚀剂的配伍性研究和应用,以及判定下游天然气净化厂脱硫装置发泡、堵塞、腐蚀产生的原因均具有指导意义,因此建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定气井产出液中钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、钡元素的含量。实验确定了最佳分析谱线、样品前处理步骤和酸度等分析条件。利用膜过滤、有机溶剂萃取分离油脂和酸处理3个步骤对工业样品进行前处理,实现了6种元素同时检测。各元素在1~100μg/mL内呈良好线性关系,检出限不高于0.08μg/L,加标回收率达到97.1%~105%,重现性相对标准偏差(RSD)<3.5%;和国家标准溶液比对,方法的相对误差<4%。方法重现性和准确度均满足分析要求。方法成功地检测了气田水、酸化返排液中钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、钡组分含量,具有良好的可靠性和实用性。     

Simultaneous determination of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium in surface, ground and domestic water by flow-injection analysis

Summary A simple, rapid, automated procedure is described for the simultaneous determination of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium in surface, ground and domestic water, based on the principles of the flow-injection technique in combination with flame photometry and AAS. The method is suitable for the simultaneous analysis of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium at a rate of up to 128 samples per hour with a coefficient of variation of better than 2.1% for sodium, 1.7% for potassium, 2.7% for calcium and 1.8% for magnesium.

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Simultanbestimmung von Natrium, Kalium, Magnesium und Calcium in Oberflächen-, Grund- und Trinkwasser mit Hilfe des Flow-Injections-Systems

Zusammenfassung Das beschriebene automatisierte Verfahren zur einfachen und schnellen Bestimmung von Na, K, Mg und Ca in Wasser beruht auf dem Flow-Injektionsprinzip in Kombination mit Flammenphotometrie und AAS. Je Stunde können 128 Proben analysiert werden. Die Variationskoeffizienten sind < 2,1% für Na, < 1,7% für Kalium, < 2,7% für Calcium und < 1,8% für Magnesium.

     

Direct FIA-AS determination of potassium and magnesium in cement samples by use of the slurries approach

A direct procedure has been developed for the flame atomic determination of potassium and magnesium in cement samples. A 50-mg sample is dispersed in 25 ml of 0.13M nitric acid; 100 mul of this slurry is injected in a double channel FIA manifold simultaneously with 100 mul of a 10% (w/v) lanthanum solution. This procedure allows the rapid extraction of potassium and magnesium by leaching of the sample; nitric acid is not necessary if only potassium must be determined and the sample can be diluted with only distilled water. Aqueous standards are used. The manifold employed includes a well-stirred mixing chamber, which provides an adequate on-line dilution of the sample, in order to obtain emission or absorbance measurements in the dynamic range of the elements to be determined. The results obtained in the analysis of real samples agree with those found by flame atomic spectrometry after a previous alkaline fusion with lithium carbonate, and exhibit better precision. The limit of detection of the procedure is 0.007% for K(2)O and 0.01% for MgO and the precision of the entire procedure corresponds to a relative standard deviation of 1%.