表面活性剂增溶比率荧光Zn2+检测方法研究

合成了一种新的Zn2+荧光检测试剂8-(2-(十八氨基)乙酰氨基)喹啉(AQZ-18)。通过自发荧光的非离子表面活性剂OP-10增溶AQZ-18,获得了一个与Zn2+结合后在320 nm和505 nm分别有两个荧光发射峰的溶液体系。短波长荧光峰来自OP-10,荧光峰强度不随Zn2+浓度变化;长波长荧光峰来自AQZ-18,荧光峰强度随Zn2+浓度增加而增强。利用上述两个荧光峰强度随Zn2+浓度变化时的比值变化建立了一种新的比率荧光Zn2+检测方法。研究表明,Zn2+与AQZ-18形成1∶1型基态配合物,其表观结合常数为1.1×106L/mol。常见金属离子对Zn2+荧光检测无干扰,Zn2+浓度在0～1.1×10-5mol/L范围内与荧光强度变化的比值呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)为0.996 2,检出限为55 nmol/L。该方法可用于水样中Zn2+的检测。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠在SiO2表面聚集的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)在无定形SiO2固体表面的吸附.设置不同的水层厚度,观察同液界面和气液界面吸附的差异.模拟发现表面活性剂分子能够在短时间内吸附到SiO2表面,受碳链和固体表面之间相互作用的影响形成表面活性剂分子层,并依据吸附量的大小形成不同的聚集结构;在水层足够厚的情况下,由于有较多的表面活性剂分子吸附在固体表面,从而形成带有疏水核心的半胶束结构;计算得到的成对势表明极性头与钠离子或水分子之间的结合或解离与二者之间的能垒有关,解离能垒远大于结合能垒,引起更多Na+聚集在极性头周围而只有少数Na+存在于溶液中;无论气液还是固液界面,极性头均伸向水相,与水分子形成不同类型的氢键.模拟表明,分子动力学方法可以作为实验的一种补充,为实验提供必要的微观结构信息.     

阴离子表面活性剂在油水界面聚集的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学方法模拟了油、水和阴离子表面活性剂组成的混合溶液从初始“均相”到“油水两相”分离的动力学过程, 研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)在界面分离过程中的作用. 模拟发现, 油水两相能够在短时间内分离达到平衡, 形成一个明显的油水界面; 在SDBS存在情况下, 油水界面的分离时间随着SDBS浓度的增加逐渐增加, 达到平衡时SDBS会在界面处形成一个明显的界面膜, 并对油水界面处的水分子有限制作用. 模拟表明, 分子动力学方法可以作为实验的一种补充, 为实验提供必要的微观分子结构信息.     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠在SiO2表面聚集的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)在无定形SiO2固体表面的吸附. 设置不同的水层厚度, 观察固液界面和气液界面吸附的差异. 模拟发现表面活性剂分子能够在短时间内吸附到SiO2表面, 受碳链和固体表面之间相互作用的影响形成表面活性剂分子层, 并依据吸附量的大小形成不同的聚集结构; 在水层足够厚的情况下, 由于有较多的表面活性剂分子吸附在固体表面,从而形成带有疏水核心的半胶束结构; 计算得到的成对势表明极性头与钠离子或水分子之间的结合或解离与二者之间的能垒有关, 解离能垒远大于结合能垒, 引起更多Na+聚集在极性头周围而只有少数Na+存在于溶液中; 无论气液还是固液界面, 极性头均伸向水相, 与水分子形成不同类型的氢键. 模拟表明, 分子动力学方法可以作为实验的一种补充, 为实验提供必要的微观结构信息.     

分子动力学模拟在三次采油中的应用

采用分子动力学模拟在微观尺度上解释三次采油领域的相关实验现象和过程机制,对后续提高原油采收率的现场应用有着重要的理论指导意义.本文综述了本课题组近年来利用分子动力学模拟针对三次采油中若干基本科学问题的研究,模拟表明表面活性剂的耐盐能力主要由极性头周围极化出的水化层的性质决定;泡沫的稳定性直接取决于假乳液膜和油桥结构的稳...     

一种新型的荧光探针及其在表面活性剂溶液胶束形成过程中的应用

近年来,具有分子内共扼的电荷转移化合物用作荧光探针来研究微环境的特性得到较大的发展,由Lout坛Law等提出的p-N,N一二烷基氨基爷叉丙二睛类化合物,其吸收光谱,特别是荧光光谱具有强烈的溶剂极性依赖性,即荧光光谱的峰值波长依赖于所处环境的极性,并有良好的线性关系。     

基于芘荧光行为的表面活性剂胶束及其与酶缔合作用研究

采用芘作为外源荧光探针,对4种类型表面活性剂(RL,SDS,CTAB和Tween 80)的胶束化过程及其与纤维素酶、漆酶缔合的特征进行探讨。在各表面活性剂的浓度变化范围为0.01～4倍CMC(临界胶束浓度)条件下,不同类型的表面活性剂所引起的芘荧光行为变化存在差异。结果表明:芘荧光强度的变化与表面活性剂的性质、浓度和荧光猝灭因子有关。纤维素酶因与表面活性剂和芘发生疏水性吸附,使芘荧光I1/I3值减小。而在漆酶介入下,芘的荧光强度显著减小,但I1/I3值与不含酶体系的特征相似,这与漆酶中含有Cu2+以及漆酶的强亲水性有关。在高于临界胶束浓度时,生物表面活性剂RL与酶缔合的稳定性高于SDS。     

分子动力学模拟技术在生物分子研究中的进展

Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) has gained increasing importance in current-day scientific research, as the supplement, guidance, or even replacement of experiments. In this review, we briefly introduce the history of the development of molecular dynamics simulation, focusing on recent progress including new-generation force fields, modern enhanced sampling schemes, and application for the investigation of complex biomolecules.     

分子动力学模拟全氟辛酸钠在水中的分布

为从微观上探究氟碳型表面活性剂在水中的分布情况,使用全原子分子动力学方法模拟了全氟辛酸钠(Na-PFO)在水中的分布情况。模拟平衡后,PFO^-分布在水/气界面处,且疏水的氟碳链朝向气相,亲水的羧酸根浸在水中,形成层状分布,径向分布函数证明钠离子主要分布在水中的羧酸根附近。羧酸根可与周围的水分子形成氢键,且显负电性的氟原子也可与水分子形成氢键,钠离子与水分子之间具有吸引作用,但不形成氢键;钠离子主要分布于PFO^-的氧原子附近。     

稳态荧光探针法测定松香基季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂胶束聚集数

季铵盐;双子表面活性剂;荧光探针;临界胶束浓度;胶束聚集数     

Molecular dynamics simulation of pyrene solubilized in a sodium dodecyl sulfate micelle

In the present work, the structural and dynamical aspects of the solubilization process of pyrene within a sodium dodecyl sulfate micelle were studied using molecular dynamics simulations. Our results showed that free pyrene as the fluorescence probe can be spontaneously solubilized into the micelle and prefers to be located in the hydrophobic core region. As the local concentration of pyrene increased, two molecular probes could enter into the core hydrophobic region and the excited dimer of pyrene molecules was formed, showing a stacking mode of π-π conjugation. Since the π-π stacking interaction between the two pyrene molecules was very weak, formation of the excimer was a dynamic process with the two pyrene molecules alternately separating and associating with each other. In this case, the two pyrene molecules were found to be mainly distributed in the palisade layer of the micelle due to the balance between the weak π-π stacking interaction and the hydrophobic interaction of probe molecules with the surfactant tails.     

Molecular dynamics simulation in the grand canonical ensemble

An extended system Hamiltonian is proposed to perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in the grand canonical ensemble. The Hamiltonian is similar to the one proposed by Lynch and Pettitt (Lynch and Pettitt, J Chem Phys 1997, 107, 8594), which consists of the kinetic and potential energies for real and fractional particles as well as the kinetic and potential energy terms for material and heat reservoirs interacting with the system. We perform a nonlinear scaling of the potential energy parameters of the fractional particle, as well as its mass to vary the number of particles dynamically. On the basis of the equations of motion derived from this Hamiltonian, an algorithm has been proposed for MD simulation at constant chemical potential. The algorithm has been tested for the ideal gas, for the Lennard-Jones fluid over a wide range of temperatures and densities, and for water. The results for the low-density Lennard-Jones fluid are compared with the predictions from a truncated virial equation of state. In the case of the dense Lennard-Jones fluid and water our predicted results are compared with the results reported using other available methods for the calculation of the chemical potential. The method is also applied to the case of vapor-liquid coexistence point predictions.     

甲烷水合物导热机理的分子动力学模拟

甲烷水合物导热系数是甲烷水合物勘探、开采、储运以及其他应用过程中一个十分重要的物理参数.我们采用平衡分子动力学（EMD）方法Green-Kubo理论计算温度203.15～263.15K、压力范围3～100MPa、晶穴占有率为0～1的sI甲烷水合物的导热系数,采用的水分子模型包括TIP4P、TIP4P-Ew、TIP4P-FQ、TIP4P/2005、TIP4P/Ice.研究了主客体分子、外界温压条件等对甲烷水合物导热性能的影响.研究结果显示甲烷水合物的低导热性能由主体分子构建的sI笼型结构决定,而客体分子进入笼型结构后,使得笼型结构导热性能增强,同时进入笼型结构的客体分子越多,甲烷水合物导热性能越强.研究结果还显示在高温区域（T〉TDebye/3）内不同温度作用下,所有sI水合物具有相似的导热规律.压力对导热系数有一定影响,尤其是在较高压力条件下,压力越高,导热系数越大.而在不同温度和不同压力作用过程中,密度的改变对导热系数的增大或减小几乎没有影响.     

Using molecular dynamics simulations to identify the key factors responsible for chiral recognition by an amino acid-based molecular micelle

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to investigate the binding of six chiral compounds to the amino acid-based molecular micelle (MM) poly-(sodium undecyl-(L)-leucine-leucine) or poly(SULL). The MM investigated is used as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis. The project goal was to characterize the chiral recognition mechanism in these separations and to move toward predictive models to identify the best amino acid-based MM for a given separation. Poly(SULL) was found to contain six binding sites into which chiral compounds could insert. Four sites had similar sizes, shapes, and electrostatic properties. Enantiomers of alprenolol, propranolol, 1,1′-bi-2-naphthyl-2,2′-diyl hydrogen phosphate, 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol, chlorthalidone, or lorazepam were separately docked into each binding pocket and MD simulations with the resulting intermolecular complexes were performed. Solvent-accessible surface area calculations showed the compounds preferentially associated with binding sites where they penetrated into the MM core and shielded their non-polar atoms from solvent. Furthermore, with five of the six compounds the enantiomer with the most favorable free energy of MM association also experienced the most favorable intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions with the MM. This result suggests that stereoselective intermolecular hydrogen bonds play an important role in chiral discrimination in separations using amino acid-based MMs.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT     

Molecular dynamics study of solubilization of cyclohexane,benzene, and phenol into mixed micelles composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate and octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether

Molecular dynamics calculations of a mixed micelle composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C₁₂E₈) were performed for six compositions (SDS/C₁₂E₈ = 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, and 0/100) to investigate the composition dependence of the mixed micelle structure and solubilization of cyclohexane, benzene, and phenol molecules by the micelle. The radial density distribution of the hydrophilic polyoxyethylene (POE) group of C₁₂E₈ as a function of distance from the micelle center is very sharp for micelles with high SDS content because the POE group captures a Na⁺ ion in solution and wraps around it to form a compact crown-ether-like complex. The hydrophobic dodecyl groups of SDS and C₁₂E₈ were separately distributed in the mixed micelle core. ΔG(r) evaluated for each solute showed that despite the structural changes of the micelle the binding strength of the solute molecules to the micelle did not change significantly. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

金属晶体间微观静摩擦特性的分子动力学模拟研究

以光滑干摩擦接触平面为对象,利用金属晶体间的强体积效应特征,建立了简化计算静摩擦力的界面势能模型.根据第一性原理的方法模拟得出界面分子势能的变化,通过界面分子势能计算出静摩擦力大小,并将数据结果通过通用黏附能量函数计算出的静摩擦力大小进行验证,也将计算结果与超高真空原子力显微镜试验结果进行对比.最后拟合出最大静摩擦力与法向载荷的线性函数关系,得出摩擦力的数值为真实接触面积的函数,并与法向载荷成正比的结论.从微观上对同种金属材料间库伦摩擦定律进行验证与研究.     

表面活性剂在溶液中聚集形态的动力学模拟

用耗散颗粒动力学模拟方法(DPD)展示了表面活性剂分子在溶液中的聚集形态，用扩散程度表征了表面活性剂溶液中的自组装情况。结果发现：这种分子动力学模拟方法能够直观地得到表面活性剂的聚集形态；随着表面活性剂的浓度增加，聚集形态依次从球状胶束、棒状或虫状胶束，六角状相，向层状相变化。     

IBIsCO: a molecular dynamics simulation package for coarse-grained simulation

IBIsCO is a parallel molecular dynamics simulation package developed specially for coarse-grained simulations with numerical potentials derived by the iterative Boltzmann inversion (IBI) method (Reith et al., J Comput Chem 2003, 24, 1624). In addition to common features of molecular dynamics programs, the techniques of dissipative particle dynamics (Groot and Warren, J Chem Phys 1997, 107, 4423) and Lowe-Andersen dynamics (Lowe, Europhys Lett 1999, 47, 145) are implemented, which can be used both as thermostats and as sources of friction to compensate the loss of degrees of freedom by coarse-graining. The reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation method (Müller-Plathe, Phys Rev E 1999, 59, 4894) for the calculation of viscosities is also implemented. Details of the algorithms, functionalities, implementation, user interfaces, and file formats are described. The code is parallelized using PE_MPI on PowerPC architecture. The execution time scales satisfactorily with the number of processors.     

聚乙烯在石墨表面结晶的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟了聚乙烯在石墨(001)表面的吸附和结晶过程;直观的给出了聚乙烯链被石墨(001)面吸附并诱导形成有序的片层晶体的过程;发现结晶温度对得到的有序结构中的聚乙烯链相对石墨表面的特定取向有影响(300 K和600 K时的取向方向不同);表面覆盖率影响聚乙烯吸附层的厚度,对取向的方向无影响.     

Conductance of Cs+ ion in water: Molecular dynamics simulation

The continuum theory of Hubbard-Onsager predicts for the friction coefficients the following behavior: >0 and /P<0. In contrast to Hubbard-Onsager theory, experimental observations on Cs⁺ ion in water show that at low temperatures <0 and /P>0. To explain the observed behavior of Nakahara et al. proposed the passage through cavities (PTC) mechanism. We performed a molecular dynamics computer simulation to determine if the PTC mechanism is responsible for the observed behavior of . No passage through cavities was observed. Molecular dynamics computer simulations were performed on Cs⁺ ion in water at temperature of 268 K and densities of 1.00 and 1.083 g-cm^–3. Our results indicate that the observed behavior of for Cs⁺ ion is related to the difference in the reorientation times of water molecules in the solvation shell and in the bulk.