亲电环化合成异喹啉的研究进展

综述了以2-炔基苄亚胺、2-炔基苄基叠氮、2-炔基苯甲醛肟及其2-炔基苯甲醛腙为底物,在亲电试剂催化下合成多取代异喹啉及其衍生物,对部分反应的机理进行了讨论,并对比讨论了这四种底物合成方法的优缺点.2-炔基苯甲醛肟及2-炔基苯甲醛腙的衍生物与亲电试剂反应不仅可以生成异喹啉骨架的叶立德化合物,而且这些叶立德可以一步与活性...     

亲电环化合成异喹啉的研究进展

综述了以2-炔基苄亚胺、2-炔基苄基叠氮、2-炔基苯甲醛肟及其2-炔基苯甲醛腙为底物,在亲电试剂催化下合成多取代异喹啉及其衍生物,对部分反应的机理进行了讨论,并对比讨论了这四种底物合成方法的优缺点.2-炔基苯甲醛肟及2-炔基苯甲醛腙的衍生物与亲电试剂反应不仅可以生成异喹啉骨架的叶立德化合物,而且这些叶立德可以一步与活性...     

一锅法合成吡咯并[2,1-a]异喹啉类化合物

以[3+2]环加成反应产物吡咯烷酮作为底物（1）,经过一锅法N-烯丙基化/分子内Heck环合反应合成了12个吡咯并[2,1-a]异喹啉类化合物2a~2l,产物收率50%~79%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR,¹⁹F NMR和HR-MS(ESI)表征。      

异噁唑拼接吡咯螺环氧化吲哚化合物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

以取代靛红,(E)-硝基异噁唑芳烯烃和苯基甘氨酸为原料,乙腈为溶剂,经1,3-偶极子3+2环加成反应合成了8个新型的异噁唑拼接吡咯螺环氧化吲哚化合物(3a~3h),产率41%~62%,d/r值为2∶1~10∶1,其结构经~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR和HR-ESI-MS表征。采用MTT法研究了3a~3h对人肺癌细胞(A549),人前列腺(PC-3)和人白血病细胞(K562)的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果表明:3a,3b和3c分别对K562,PC-3和A549具有较好的抑制活性,其对应的IC50为16.0μmol·L~(-1),21.2μmol·L~(-1)和24.4μmol·L~(-1),优于顺铂(26.1μmol·L~(-1),27.2μmol·L~(-1)和25.6μmol·L~(-1))。     

环稠卟啉合成的研究进展

利用卟啉大环的碳架组成及其连带成分进行各种环合反应是构建环稠卟啉分子的有效方法. 基于这一合成策略, 概述了近年来通过卟啉分子的结构修饰完成环稠卟啉合成的最新研究进展.     

异喹啉酮类衍生物的合成研究

以间甲氧基苯乙胺和氯甲酸乙酯为原料,通过亲核取代、关环、四氢铝锂还原得到1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉衍生物.其中关键步骤环化反应实现了使用多聚磷酸(PPA)简便有效地进行了关环,合成了一系列异喹啉酮类衍生物.     

银催化的环化反应合成异喹啉的研究进展

含有异喹啉骨架的化合物是一类很重要的含氮杂环化合物,广泛存在于具有生物活性的天然产物、有机材料、以及药物分子中。传统的合成异喹啉的方法需要苛刻的反应条件,因此使用温和,简单的方法构建这一骨架的化合物具有重要的现实意义。银类化合物具有路易斯酸特性能够催化活化三键,利用这一特点并使用含氮的亲核试剂进行分子内亲核加成活化的三键是合成异喹啉衍生物的重要方法。本文主要综述了以2-炔基苄亚胺、2-炔基苄基叠氮、2-炔基苯甲醛肟、2-炔基苯甲醛腙及其（2-（乙炔基）芳基）-1,2,3-三唑为反应物,在银催化条件下构建异喹啉环的研究进展,并对部分反应的机理进行了讨论。     

抗肿瘤活性四氢异喹啉类抗生素的生物合成研究进展

四氢异喹啉类生物碱因其独特的化学结构和良好的抗肿瘤活性,长期以来备受化学家和生物学家的广泛关注.特别是近十年来,随着生物技术的不断进步,有关这类抗生素生物合成的研究取得了突飞猛进的发展.主要综述了该家族成员如Safracin B,Saframycin A,Naphthyridinomycin,Quinocarcin,Ecteinascidin 743等近年来生物合成研究的主要成果,特别是有关这类化合物共有的核心结构四氢异喹啉环的前体来源和前体的生物合成途径,以及四氢异喹啉环独特的形成机制.     

通过异喹啉盐与环状1,3-二酮一锅合成二氢异喹啉-3-酮-1,4-桥环结构

异喹啉盐具有两个亲电位点, 用它与双亲核试剂发生去芳构化/环化反应, 是高效构建异喹啉桥环结构的有效策略. 然而, 这一策略主要集中在1,3-桥环结构的合成. 最近利用异喹啉盐与4-羟基香豆素反应, 首次实现了二氢异喹 啉-3-酮-1,4-桥环的合成. 但是, 当用环状1,3-二酮代替4-羟基香豆素反应时, 意外地得到了异喹啉-1,3,4(2H)-三酮. 利用高分辨质谱分析发现, 这一意外转化是由于环状1,3-二酮发生O-亲核取代后, 消除2-溴-1,3-环状二酮, 得到4-溴异喹啉-3(2H)-酮. 该中间体发生两次连续水解/空气氧化后, 得到了异喹啉-1,3,4(2H)-三酮. 基于此机理的认识, 向反应体系中添加催化量的三氟甲烷磺酸后, 成功抑制了环状1,3-二酮的O-亲核取代反应, 顺利得到了二氢异喹啉-3-酮的1,4-桥环结构(33个反应实例). 反应条件温和, 提供了一种构建异喹啉1,4-桥环骨架的高效合成方法.     

中环大环化合物合成研究进展

中环(8～11元环)与大环(12元环及以上)是药物和天然产物中非常重要的结构并广泛应用于药物合成、有机化学以及其他领域.科研工作者一直致力于开发更加简单、绿色、高效的合成中环大环的方法.归纳并总结近五年来最新的通过扩环和环化反应方法合成中环大环化合物的研究现状和进展,并对其未来的发展方向进行了总结和展望.     

Recyclable,Graphite-Catalyzed,Four-Component Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrroles

A facile, convenient, and multicomponent coupling strategy for the synthesis of highly functionalized pyrroles is developed using graphite as a catalyst, but devoid of moisture-sensitive metal catalysts and corrosive acidic reagents. This method involves four-component coupling reactions of ethyl acetoacetate compound or diethyl acetylene dicarboxylate, amines, aromatic aldehydes, and nitromethane without an inert atmosphere. This approach provides easy access to highly substituted pyrroles in good yields via one-pot tandem reaction. The method is very simple, straightforward, and environmentally friendly compared to the existing methods.

[Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]     

Synthesis and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of a new enantiopure cyclic nitrone

A new enantiopure cyclic nitrone has been efficiently synthesized from a d-glyceraldehyde derivative. Its 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to different classes of dipolarophiles show complete antifacial selectivity, furnishing highly functionalized enantiopure bicyclic isoxazolidines.     

Efficient Route for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrroles

A mild and efficient synthesis of highly substituted pyrroles using the reaction of triphenylphosphine, α-diketone, ammonium acetate, and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates is described.     

Simple Synthesis of Pyrroles Under Solvent-Free Conditions

Paal–Knorr condensation of 2,5-hexadione with primary amines in the presence of a catalytic amount of praseodymium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate under solvent-free conditions has been accomplished with an excellent yield. This method is a very easy, rapid, and high-yielding reaction for the synthesis of N-substituted pyrrole derivatives.     

Synthesis and Toxicity Evaluation of New Pyrroles Obtained by the Reaction of Activated Alkynes with 1-Methyl-3-(cyanomethyl)benzimidazolium Bromide

A series of new pyrrole derivatives were designed as chemical analogs of the 1,4-dihydropyridines drugs in order to develop future new calcium channel blockers. The new tri- and tetra-substituted N-arylpyrroles were synthesized by the one-pot reaction of 1-methyl-3-cyanomethyl benzimidazolium bromide with substituted alkynes having at least one electron-withdrawing substituent, in 1,2-epoxybutane, acting both as the solvent and reagent to generate the corresponding benzimidazolium N3-ylide. The structural characterization of the new substituted pyrroles was based on IR, NMR spectroscopy as well as on single crystal X-ray analysis. The toxicity of the new compounds was assessed on the plant cell using Triticum aestivum L. species and on the animal cell using Artemia franciscana Kellogg and Daphnia magna Straus crustaceans. The compounds showed minimal phytotoxicity on Triticum rootlets and virtually no acute toxicity on Artemia nauplii, while on Daphnia magna, it induced moderate to high toxicity, similar to nifedipine. Our research indicates that the newly synthetized pyrrole derivatives are promising molecules with biological activity and low acute toxicity.     

Tandem Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted NH Pyrroles from Simple Nitriles

An efficient tandem route to obtain tetrasubstituted NH pyrroles in a one-pot manner has been developed, staring from simple nitriles, ethyl bromoacetates, and zinc. This reaction involves oxidative dimerization of the zinc bromide complex of β-enaminoesters using cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) as an oxidant, affording 2,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrroles in yields up to 91%.     

1,3-偶极环加成反应在有机合成方面的新进展

1,3-偶极环加成是新近被用于杂环和天然产物合成的重要反应。本文主要综述1,3-偶极环加成反应在有机合成方面的研究现状和发展趋势,着重介绍基于硝酮,腈氧化物等偶极体系的合成策略和实例。     

Fused Pyrroles in Cholestane and Norcholestane Side Chains: Acaricidal and Plant Growth-Promoting Effects

Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of fused pyrroles in cholestane and norcholestane side chains derived from kryptogenin and diosgenin, respectively. Both conventional and microwave heating techniques were used to synthesize the steroidal pyrroles from primary amines, with the microwave method producing the highest yields. In particular, the norcholestane pyrroles were tested as acaricides against the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) under laboratory conditions and as plant growth promoters on habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq) under greenhouse conditions.     

Manganese-Catalyzed Sustainable Synthesis of Pyrroles from Alcohols and Amino Alcohols

The development of reactions that convert alcohols into important chemical compounds saves our fossil carbon resources as alcohols can be obtained from indigestible biomass such as lignocellulose. The conservation of our rare noble metals is of similar importance, and their replacement by abundantly available transition metals, such as Mn, Fe, or Co (base or nonprecious metals), in key technologies such as catalysis is a promising option. Herein, we report on the first base-metal-catalyzed synthesis of pyrroles from alcohols and amino alcohols. The most efficient catalysts are Mn complexes stabilized by PN₅P ligands whereas related Fe and Co complexes are inactive. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions at catalyst loadings as low as 0.5 mol %, and has a broad scope and attractive functional-group tolerance. These findings may inspire others to use Mn catalysts to replace Ir or Ru complexes in challenging dehydrogenation reactions.