PATP在Ag/TiO_2纳米管基底上的表面增强拉曼散射和光催化过程研究

表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)是一种超灵敏、高选择性的分析方法,越来越受到人们的关注。对巯基苯胺(PATP)由于其易吸附在大多数SERS基底表面,并可以产生极强的SERS信号,因此常被用作SERS的探针分子。二氧化钛(TiO_2)是一种目前常用的光催化剂,但是其催化效率仍有待提高。将贵金属与TiO_2复合是提高其催化效率的有效手段。本文采用电化学阳极氧化法制备了二氧化钛纳米管(TiO_2NTs),并采用光化学还原方法在表面沉积了贵金属银,制备了一种同时具有SERS和催化性能的双功能基底,即银纳米粒子修饰的二氧化钛纳米管(Ag/TiO_2NTs),研究了PATP分子在该基底上的光催化过程,并与在银镜基底上的光催化过程进行了比较。我们发现,Ag/TiO_2NTs基底上的PATP在催化过程中峰强度逐渐减弱,但没有新峰的出现;而在银镜基底上PATP的峰强度随光照时间却几乎没有变化,证明了PATP分子在Ag/TiO_2 NTs上的光催化降解过程。本文还对Ag/TiO_2NTs上PATP的催化过程进行了动力学分析,结果表明PATP在该基底表面的催化反应为一级反应。     

有机分子隔离层对机械抛光金属银表面的罗丹明6G荧光增强效应的影响

采用物理吸附法,在机械抛光纯银表面引入对巯基苯胺(p-Amiothiophenol,PATP)分子充当隔离层,运用激光光谱学方法研究隔离层对位于银表面附近的罗丹明6G(Rh6G)分子的荧光增强效应影响。实验结果表明,未经PATP分子修饰的机械抛光金属衬底对Rh6G分子表现为猝灭效应,而经过PATP分子修饰后的银表面对Rh6G分子的荧光发射具有增强效应。根据局域表面等离子共振及辐射能量转移模型对实验观测所得结果进行了分析研究,结果表明,PATP有机分子隔离层的引入有效地减小了荧光分子与金属衬底之间的无辐射能量速率,提高了荧光辐射强度。     

银纳米粒子对组装阵列中耦联分子拉曼散射的影响

分别用硼氢化钠和氢气还原法制备了两种不同的银溶胶(I和II),并采用自组装技术将银纳米粒子组装到对巯基苯胺(PATP)修饰的光滑银基底表面,形成银纳米粒子亚单层二维阵列。比较两种阵列中PATP的表面增强拉曼光谱发现,溶胶II所得阵列中的PATP的b2振动得到了较大的增强,即存在较大程度的电荷转移,说明银纳米粒子的性质直接影响了耦联分子的光谱特征。对溶胶Ⅰ进行离心处理,组装,得到的拉曼特征与阵列II类似。就溶胶II的银纳米粒子而言,组装结构中可能形成Ag-N化学键,从而导致更强的氨基与银粒子的相互作用。     

基于金属有机框架材料复合基底表面增强拉曼光谱测定水中的戊二醛

戊二醛在精细化工中的使用,导致大量戊二醛产品如鞣革剂、消毒剂、蛋白质交联剂、组织固化剂等被排放到水体中,对水体生物及生态环境造成严重污染,对整个生态系统带来危害,因此开发对戊二醛快速简易的检测技术至关重要。表面增强拉曼光谱法(SERS)是一种基于待测物分子对光的散射效应而建立起来的定量检测技术,具有灵敏度高,所需样品量少,水干扰小等优势,功能强大,被广泛应用于分析检测领域中。目前尚未见文献报道基于SERS技术用于定量检测环境水体中戊二醛的案例。基于金纳米粒子（AuNPs）的局域表面等离子体共振效应、金属有机框架材料MIL-101(Cr)的富集能力以及对氨基苯硫酚（PATP）与戊二醛之间的席夫碱反应,基于Au@MIL-101/PATP复合材料建立了一种检测水中戊二醛的表面增强拉曼光谱分析方法。通过溶液浸渍法制备Au@MIL-101材料,再利用Au-S共价键作用将PATP修饰到AuNPs表面得到Au@MIL-101/PATP复合基底。利用透射电镜(TEM)、能量色散X射线光谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和拉曼光谱等方法对基底材料进行表征。论文研究了MIL-101(Cr)中AuNPs的密度对拉曼增强效果的影响,氯金酸浓度为0.6 g·L-1时增强效果最好。戊二醛与PATP的席夫碱反应产物在1 621 cm-1处产生C═N特征峰,戊二醛浓度与I_{1 078}/I_{1 621}信号比值在1×10-7~1×10-5 mol·L-1范围内具有良好的线性,检出限(LOD)为3.5×10-8 mol·L-1。实际样品分析结果表明,自来水和河水水样中戊二醛的加标回收率分别为91.4%~111.8%,89.8%~114.2%,相对标准偏差分别为5.2%~14.5%,8.6%~13.4%。本方法具有操作简单、分析时间短、绿色等优点,为检测水中的痕量戊二醛提供了新思路。     

几种取代苯硫酚分子结构与振动光谱的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(density functional theory, DFT)中的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-311++G**基组水平上对几种取代苯硫酚分子的构型进行了几何优化,得出了它们的最稳定构型并对其能级差、核独立化学位移、极化率和振动光谱进行了理论计算。研究结果表明,4-巯基吡啶(4-MPY)、4-巯基苯甲酸(4-MBA)和4-巯基苯胺(PATP)均为平面构型,1,4对巯基苯(BDT)中S-H键与苯环平面的夹角为20.2°,4-甲基巯基苯(4-MBT)中S-H键与苯环平面的夹角为39.6°。几种分子都具有很强的芳香性和较大的极化率值。5种分子的极化率张量平均值大小顺序为BDT>4-MBT>4-MBA>4-MPY>PATP,极化率的各向异性不变量变化趋势为4-MBA>4-MBT>BDT>PATP>4-MPY。     

HPLC与SERS联用技术及其在有机反应现场监测的应用

将高效液相色谱(HPLC)和表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)联用技术(HPLC-SERS)用于混合物的分离和检测。研究了HPLC-SERS对于有机反应的在线监测。以对氨基苯硫酚(PATP)与邻碘苯甲酰氯的反应为模型,高效利用了HPLC的分离和SERS的高灵敏度检测优势,同时获得了产物的保留时间和光谱结构信息,为有机反应产物分离和鉴定,为复杂有机反应机理的揭示提供了有效的技术手段。     

对巯基苯胺分子构象和拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论研究

本文采用密度泛函方法B3LYP/6-311+G**计算了对巯基苯胺分子(PATP)的平衡结构和振动拉曼光谱。结果表明该分子有两个稳定构象,反式构象能更低。利用振动模分析所得的势能分布我们对该分子振动基频进行了归属,并计算了低能构象的标度振动频率,其结果与实验值相吻合。     

基于整体柱的超灵敏表面增强拉曼检测

本文提出了一种全新的基于整体柱材料的SERS检测方法。通过将探针分子和银溶胶混合后滴加在整体柱上, 我们可以得到浓度低至10-18 mol/L的罗丹明6G(R6G)及10-16 mol/L的对巯基苯胺(PATP)的SERS信号。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电镜(SEM)对银溶胶及整体柱材料进行了表征。通过实验结果可以初步推测, 整体柱材料的表面形态和孔结构可以促进银溶胶产生“热点”。     

CNF@Ag@ZIF-8膜的气态醛SERS传感应用

挥发性有机物(VOCs)检测在生命健康、食品安全及环境保护等领域都有着重要价值。表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱是一种分子的指纹光谱,可以用于痕量气体及混合气体的快速检测。我们设计制备了纤维素纳米纤维@银纳米粒子@沸石咪唑酯骨架材料(CNF@Ag NPs@ZIF-8)SERS基底,表面修饰对氨基苯硫酚(PATP)后,通过醛基和氨基的席夫碱反应实现间接痕量醛类气体的SERS传感应用。结果表明,该基底能够实现苯甲醛(BA)的快速、高灵敏度检测,最低检测浓度为10 ppb,有望用于呼吸气体的成份分析,实现疾病的早期筛查与诊断。     

电荷转移对纳米金属吸附分子拉曼光谱影响

在金,银纳米粒子表面修饰对巯基苯胺(PATP)分子,对其进行紫外及拉曼光谱性质表征。紫外吸收光谱显示修饰了单分子层的纳米粒子表面等离子体共振发生较大的红移,银粒子位移程度大于金粒子的。其拉曼散射增强效应研究表明,对巯基苯胺b2振动模式的极大增强是由电磁增强和化学增强效应共同决定的。金、银粒子上对巯基苯胺单分子层拉曼散射增强效应的差异主要来自金属与对巯基苯胺之间电荷转移能力的不同。     

Direct evidence for conversion of p‐aminothiophenol to p,p'‐dimercaptoazobenzene by in situ reduplicative surface‐enhanced Raman scattering measurements

There has been a surge of interest in the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of p‐aminothiophenol (PATP), since its SERS spectra are dependent on the measurement conditions. However, there is a dispute over the origin of the so‐called b₂ modes in SERS spectrum of PATP recently. Some researchers propose that these bands come from selective chemical enhancement, while others conclude that these bands are due to the a_g modes of p,p'‐dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) produced from PATP by surface photoreaction. To solve this problem, we have studied the SERS spectra of PATP on Au and Ag nanoparticles by in situ measurement under various conditions. The results proved that the b₂ modes are not due to PATP but due to the a_g modes of DMAB. The key of the method is to ensure the SERS spectra taken from the same point in reduplicative measurements. The result showed that the stable SERS spectrum of PATP was essentially from DMAB. The reversibility of the PATP SERS spectra in previous studies is due to the variety of the measurement points, which is in nature of different PATP conversions to DMAB under different conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈/银纳米粒子复合纳米纤维及其SERS特性

利用静电纺丝技术制备了一种聚丙烯腈/银纳米粒子复合纳米纤维的表面增强拉曼光谱基底。通过调节聚丙烯腈溶液的浓度可得到不同直径、不同厚度的纤维薄膜,将聚丙烯腈的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液与硝酸银溶液混合得到聚丙烯腈/Ag种子溶液,然后利用静电纺丝技术制备聚丙烯腈/Ag种子/AgNO₃复合纳米纤维;加入AgNO₃并利用水合肼二次还原后可制备适合拉曼检测的聚丙烯腈/Ag纳米粒子复合纤维膜,聚合物纤维表面和内部的金属纳米粒子的密度可调节。通过调节不同的纳米粒子的密集程度,可构筑出具有较高的电磁场增强效果的特殊的“热”结构(高局域强电磁场的亚波长区域)。而聚合物纤维内部的银纳米粒子可通过溶胀作用吸附更多的探针分子,提高拉曼检测的灵敏度。该基底有很好的SERS信号,并且可大规模制备。     

二维银球腔阵列的制备及其在SERS检测中的应用

以密堆积的700 nm单分散聚苯乙烯微球为模板,采用多电流阶跃方法制备了不同深度的二维有序微/纳尺度银球腔阵列。通过扫描电子显微镜,反射紫外对球腔形貌及表面等离子体共振进行了表征,以对氨基苯硫酚及罗丹明6G为探针分子进行了表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的研究。结果表明,通过控制电化学沉积的条件可以实现对球腔形貌的控制。以该种球腔阵列作为SERS基底,其增强因子可达107,并具有良好的信号重现性,信号间相对标准偏差小于8%。该基底用于对罗丹明6G的定量检测,检测限可达0.1 ng·mL-1。     

偶联分子对金纳米粒子在玻片上组装的影响

将金纳米粒子组装在用3-氨基丙基-三乙氧基硅烷(APES)修饰的普通玻片上,再分别用偶联分子对巯基苯胺、1,4-二巯基苯在该基底上再次组装金纳米粒子,结果表明用对巯基苯胺作为组装的偶联分子得到双层金纳米粒子结构,对巯基苯胺的表面增强拉曼光谱信号得到增强,而用1,4-二巯基苯作为组装的偶联分子得到单层金纳米粒子结构。     

Visible light response of silver 4‐aminobenzenethiolate and silver 4‐dimethylaminobenzenethiolate probed by Raman scattering spectroscopy

Silver thiolate is a layered compound with a Raman spectrum that is known to change with time, becoming the same as the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum of the parent thiol molecule adsorbed on Ag nanoparticles. On this basis, the Raman scattering characteristics of silver 4‐aminobenzenethiolate (Ag‐4ABT) compounds were investigated to determine whether certain peaks that are identifiable in the SERS spectrum of 4‐aminobenzenethiol (4‐ABT) but absent in its normal Raman spectrum were also apparent in the Ag salt spectrum. For comparative purposes, the Raman scattering characteristics of silver 4‐dimethylaminobenzenethiolate (Ag‐4MABT) were also examined. Raman spectra acquired while spinning the sample were typified by only a₁‐type vibrational bands of Ag‐4ABT and Ag‐4MABT, whereas in the static condition, several non‐a₁‐type bands were identified. The spectral patterns acquired in the static condition were similar to the intrinsic SERS spectra of 4‐ABT or 4‐dimethylaminobenzenethiol (4‐MABT) adsorbed on pure Ag nanoparticles. Notably, the CH₃ group vibrational bands were observable for Ag‐4MABT irrespective of the sample rotation. In addition, no decrease in intensity during irradiation with a visible laser was observed for any of the bands, suggesting that no chemical conversion actually took place in either 4‐ABT or 4‐MABT. The preponderance of evidence led to the conclusion that the non‐a₁‐type bands observable in the SERS spectra must be associated with the chemical enhancement mechanism acting on the Ag nanoparticles. The chemical enhancement effect was more profound at 514.5 nm than at 632.8 nm, and was more favorable for 4‐ABT than 4‐MABT at both wavelengths. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study of human serum on PVA?Ag nanofilm prepared by using electrostatic self‐assembly

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐protected silver nanoarchitecture (PVA Ag nanofilm) on the surface of the glass substrate was prepared by using electrostatic self‐assembly at a proper voltage. The two‐dimensional morphology of the PVA Ag nanofilm has been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of human serum (HS) on PVA Ag nanofilms were recorded. The results show that the Raman scattering of HS can be enhanced efficiently based on these PVA Ag nanofilms. However, it also can be seen that the effect of sodium citrate (SC) acting as anticoagulant on the SERS spectrum of HS is unnegligible, which has not been discussed adequately in the previous reports. To discuss the effect of SC on the SERS spectrum of HS, we have studied the normal Raman spectra of solid SC and the SERS spectra of 1.0 × 10⁻³ mol/l aqueous solution of SC adsorbed on the PVA–Ag nanofilms. Meanwhile, Raman wavenumbers of the SC molecule were calculated by using the method of DFT‐B3LYP/6‐31G*, and the dominant assignations of the calculated wavenumbers were performed. It was found that the density functional theory (DFT) calculation of SC Raman spectrum matches well with the experimental results. With the perfect reproducibility and high SERS activity, this method will be useful in the development of HS detection methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Electrical properties and Raman scattering investigation of Ag doped ZnO thin films

Ag-doped ZnO thin films were deposited on quartz glass substrates by a radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique at room temperature (RT). The influence of Ag doping content on the electrical and Raman scattering properties of ZnO films were systematically investigated by Hall measurement system and Raman scattering spectrum. Two additional local vibrational modes (LVMs) at 230.0 and 394.5 cm^?1 induced by Ag dopant in ZnO:Ag films were observed by Raman analyses at RT, corresponding to Ag atoms located at O sites (LV M_Zn?Ag) and Zn sites (LV M_Ag?O) in ZnO lattice. Moreover, we further studied the effect of donor Ag_O and acceptor Ag_Zn defects on the electrical properties of ZnO:Ag films. The results indicate that O-rich condition is preferred to suppress the formation of Ag_O defects and enhance Ag_Zn defects. The p-type ZnO:Ag film was achieved by properly optimizing the annealing conditions under O-rich condition.     

糠醛分子表面增强拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(density functional theory,DFT),在B3LYP/6-31+G**(C,H,O)/LANL2DZ(Ag)水平上,对糠醛(furfural,FUR)分子进行了几何结构优化,并计算了FUR分子的常规拉曼散射(normal Raman scattering,NRS)光谱和FUR与Ag原子以及Ag2和Ag4团簇吸附的表面增强拉曼散射(surface-enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)光谱。结果表明,理论值与已有的实验值符合得较好,采用FUR-Ag4吸附构型的计算结果比FUR-Ag和FUR-Ag2吸附构型的计算结果更符合已有实验值。最后,通过Gauss View可视化软件,对FUR分子的振动频率进行了更为全面地归属。通过FUR分子SERS与NRS的比较,可得出FUR分子与Ag原子发生了相互作用,且被吸附的糠醛分子的杂五环是与银表面垂直的。