糠醛分子表面增强拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(density functional theory,DFT),在B3LYP/6-31+G**(C,H,O)/LANL2DZ(Ag)水平上,对糠醛(furfural,FUR)分子进行了几何结构优化,并计算了FUR分子的常规拉曼散射(normal Raman scattering,NRS)光谱和FUR与Ag原子以及Ag2和Ag4团簇吸附的表面增强拉曼散射(surface-enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)光谱。结果表明,理论值与已有的实验值符合得较好,采用FUR-Ag4吸附构型的计算结果比FUR-Ag和FUR-Ag2吸附构型的计算结果更符合已有实验值。最后,通过Gauss View可视化软件,对FUR分子的振动频率进行了更为全面地归属。通过FUR分子SERS与NRS的比较,可得出FUR分子与Ag原子发生了相互作用,且被吸附的糠醛分子的杂五环是与银表面垂直的。     

对巯基苯胺分子构象和拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论研究

本文采用密度泛函方法B3LYP/6-311+G**计算了对巯基苯胺分子(PATP)的平衡结构和振动拉曼光谱。结果表明该分子有两个稳定构象,反式构象能更低。利用振动模分析所得的势能分布我们对该分子振动基频进行了归属,并计算了低能构象的标度振动频率,其结果与实验值相吻合。     

胸腺嘧啶分子表面增强拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论和从头计算研究

采用量子化学B3LYP(含电子相关效应的杂化密度泛函)方法和HF(Hartree-Fock, 哈特利-福克)方法,在6-31+G**(C,H,N,O)/LANL2DZ(Ag)水平上,对TH(Thymine, 胸腺嘧啶)分子进行了几何结构优化,计算了TH分子的NRS(normal Raman scattering, 常规拉曼散射)光谱和TH与Ag原子以及Ag₂团簇吸附的SERS(surface-enhanced Raman scattering, 表面增强拉曼散射)光谱,并将两种理论方法计算的结果和实验值进行比较。结果表明：对于NRS光谱,采用DFT方法的计算结果比HF方法的计算结果更符合已有实验值;而对于SERS光谱,采用HF方法的计算结果更好。最后,通过GaussView可视化软件,对TH分子的振动频率进行了更为全面地归属。     

基于DFT的间羟基苯甲酸分子表面增强拉曼光谱研究

本文研究了间羟基苯甲酸(m-hydroxybenzoic acid,MHBA)的常规拉曼散射(normal Raman scattering,NRS)光谱及其吸附在Ag纳米颗粒上的表面增强拉曼散射(surface-enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)光谱。采用密度泛函理论(density functional theory,DFT),在B3LYP/6-31+G**(C、H、O)/LANL2DZ(Ag)水平上,对MHBA分子进行了几何结构优化,在此基础上计算了MHBA分子的NRS光谱以及其吸附在Ag纳米颗粒上两种不同吸附构型下的SERS光谱,并和实验值进行比较。结果表明,间羟基苯甲酸分子通过羧基与羟基共同吸附构型的计算结果比该分子通过羧基吸附构型的计算结果更符合实验值。最后,利用GaussView可视化软件对其振动模式进行了全面归属。     

葡萄糖分子的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

本文以密度泛函理论(density functional theory, 简称DFT)采用B3LYP混合泛函和6-31++G(d, p)基函数组计算的葡萄糖的分子振动光谱为根据, 首次对葡萄糖分子的常规拉曼光谱(NRS)进行了详细的指认, 并对葡萄糖分子的振动模式进行了归属。在以4-巯基吡啶为桥联剂分子修饰的银镜衬底上, 观测到葡萄糖分子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS), 并对葡萄糖分子在银表面的吸附状态进行了分析。     

噻菌灵分子的表面增强拉曼光谱的理论研究

表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)是指当分子靠近或者吸附于基底表面时,分子的拉曼散射信号会显著增强的现象。SERS克服了常规拉曼散射信号强度比较弱的缺点,被广泛地应用在环境检测、催化化学、有机化学和生命科学等领域。本文利用密度泛函理论计算方法对农残噻菌灵分子的SERS光谱进行模拟,并探讨SERS增强机理。系统研究了噻菌灵在金团簇的吸附行为和SERS增强效应,得到金团簇在噻菌灵分子上的最佳吸附位置。利用五种吸附结构(噻菌灵-Au_n,n=1-5)对噻菌灵与金团簇的相互作用进行了理论研究,研究表明噻菌灵-Au₄最稳定。结合拉曼光谱和理论计算的结果,借助高斯软件的图形化功能,对噻菌灵分子的振动模式、普通拉曼光谱和SERS光谱进行了系统的指认。     

吩噻嗪表面增强拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论研究

吩噻嗪是含有N、S的杂环化合物,具有大的离域π键。用Gaussian 09程序,在B3LYP方法下,Ag原子使用LANL2DZ赝式基组,C、H、N、S等原子使用6-31++G(d,p)基组,优化并计算了吩噻嗪和吩噻嗪银配合物(PTH-Ag)的拉曼光谱,并利用GaussianView对PTH分子进行归属,为食品和产品中吩噻嗪残留的定性、定量测定提供理论依据。计算结果说明连接Ag原子越多,增强效果越明显。     

二维组装纳米银粒子上对巯基苯胺的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用表面自组装方法在聚赖氨酸修饰ITO电极表面和对巯基苯胺修饰光滑银表面组装了纳米银粒子的二维结构。FT -SERS光谱结果表明 ,巯基苯胺的吸附取向垂直于金属银表面 ,其中电磁增强机理起主导作用 ,但同时也存在化学增强的贡献。纳米银粒子的“体积效应”使其与吸附分子间的电荷转移更为有利。耦联于纳米银和光滑银表面间的巯基苯胺的拉曼散射增强则与纳米银粒子和光滑银表面的耦合而导致的局部电磁场增强直接相关。     

苯甲酸分子表面增强拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论研究

基于密度泛函理论,利用量子化学软件,在B3LYP/6-311G**(C,H,S)/Lanl2dz(Ag)水平上对苯甲酸(Benzoic Acid,C7H6O2,BA)进行几何优化,得到BA与Ag原子和Ag离子结合,即C7H5O2-Ag和C7H5O2Ag的平衡构型,在此基础上得到了两种形态的计算拉曼谱图,并和其他文献值进行比较,其中C7H5O2Ag的计算结果与文献中的BA表面增强拉曼光谱的实验值符合得较好。同时采用简正振动分析方法得到其势能分布,从而对其简正振动模式进行了全面归属。     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱及密度泛函理论的农药毒死蜱检测研究

毒死蜱作为一种广谱高效有机磷杀虫剂,在农业等领域被广泛使用。但是,环境毒理学研究发现,毒死蜱可直接施于土壤中,与土壤颗粒牢固结合,几乎不会迁移或挥发,而且水溶性低,容易造成药物残留,影响着农副产品食用的安全性,对生态环境具有潜在的危险性,许多国家对毒死蜱在农产品中的残留量有严格的规定。因此,检测毒死蜱残留的生态风险问题是当务之急。表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术具有快捷、高效、灵敏度高等优势,已经成为光谱检测领域的热点研究技术;密度泛函理论被广泛用于分子结构与性质的理论模拟计算及光谱分析。基于表面增强拉曼光谱和密度泛函理论对杀虫剂毒死蜱的拉曼和表面增强拉曼光谱进行理论研究。首先,利用GaussView5.0对毒死蜱分子及加入银团簇基底的分子结构进行构型。其次,对毒死蜱分子采用6-31G基组,并基于密度泛函理论进行结构优化,利用Gaussian09模拟计算出其拉曼及表面增强拉曼光谱,并确定拉曼光谱和SERS光谱峰值归属。最后,从频移量角度分析银团簇Ag₂和Ag₃对毒死蜱拉曼光谱的增强效应,并进行频移量大小对比。研究发现,在两种尺寸银团簇作用下,拉曼光谱在326,463,741,781,1 068,1 294,1 435和1 602 cm-1波数处的特征峰强度均有明显的增强,且随着银团簇结构尺寸增大,拉曼信号增强效果更为明显;在不同银团簇增强作用下,一些特征峰发生偏移,其频移量与银团簇结构相关联,在Ag₂和Ag₃银团簇增强下,表面增强拉曼光谱在463,741～781 cm-1波数处均产生了较大的频移,其余特征峰波数处频移量较小,均在20 cm-1以下,毒死蜱分子分别与Ag₂和Ag₃入侵后的表面增强拉曼光谱进行对比,频移方向有很好的一致性。该研究结果为表面增强拉曼光谱技术在农药残留检测领域的应用提供了理论依据。     

Adsorption of aniline on silver mirror studied by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations

The adsorption of aniline on a silver mirror was studied by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculation methods. The normal Raman and SERS spectra of pure aniline liquid and its solutions were recorded by a micro‐Raman spectrometer with excitation at 514.5 nm. Orientation of the aniline molecule adsorbed on the Ag mirror is discussed. The results indicate that pure aniline is adsorbed on the surface of the Ag mirror with a tilted orientation. The conformer with the nitrogen atom interacting with the metal surface would be dominant. DFT calculations further confirm the experimental results that charge transfer (CT) takes place from the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) of aniline to the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) of the silver surface. In this paper, the frontier molecular orbital theory has been successfully used to explore the interaction between the aniline molecule and the silver surface. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering and density functional theory studies of bis(4‐aminophenyl)sulfone

Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of dapsone by using colloidal silver nanoparticles have been recorded. Density functional theory was used for the optimization of ground state geometries and simulation of the vibrational spectrum of this molecule. The SERS spectrum with a large silver cluster as a model metallic surface was simulated for the first time. Taking into account the experimental and calculated Raman as well as the SERS normal modes and the corresponding assignments, along with the modeling of the free dapsone and the one in the presence of the colloidal silver nanoparticles, the importance of the sulfone group on the SERS effect in dapsone was inferred. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

IR absorption and surface-enhanced Raman spectra of the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine

We present the IR absorption and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine adsorbed on a silver hydrosol and on the surface of a silver electrode for different potentials. Based on quantum chemical calculations, for the first time we have assigned the vibrations in the berberine molecule according to vibrational mode. The effect of the potential of the silver electrode on the geometry of sorption of the molecule on the surface is considered, assuming a short-range mechanism for enhancement of Raman scattering. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 1, pp. 31–36, January–February, 2007.     

Raman spectroscopy of seized drugs and density functional theory interpretation

Abstract

The demand for a hand-held Raman spectrometer in the fast and accurate detection and identification of seized drugs is much higher than before, especially when facing unknown suspicious drugs. However, Raman spectra for the different drugs are less reported due to the inaccessibility of them. Here, we reported the experimental Raman spectra in detail of four typical drugs (such as methamphetamine, ketamine, caffeine, and magu). The Raman vibrational frequencies were also calculated by the method of density functional theory (DFT) at Becke-3-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) level with the 6-31?G and 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The results show that the experimental Raman spectra of these typical drugs are consistent with the theoretical Raman spectra. Using the potential energy distribution (PED) calculation with the GAR2PED program, the assignments of the observed Raman bands to the vibrational modes were presented. Further, methamphetamine and its camouflage N-benzylisopropylamine were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations, and the result showed that the obvious differences of the Raman characteristic bands for these two samples could be found so that Raman technique could be used to identify the authenticity of methamphetamine. All the above results confirm the potential of the approach involving Raman spectroscopy combined with DFT calculations in the characterization of drugs. Based on this, the experimental spectra of seized drugs measured directly through a plastic package were studied. Raman spectroscopy has the advantage of being performed through packaging without disturbing the samples. Polypropylene transparent packaging does not alter the spectra of the drugs but will mask the corresponding bands if the Raman spectrum has a strong autofluorescence interference.     

Piperidine adsorption on two different silver electrodes: A combined surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory study

The surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of piperidine in silver colloid solution, on roughened silver electrode and on roughened silver electrode modified with silver nanoparticles were studied, and the high-quality SERS spectra of piperidine on roughened silver electrode modified with silver nanoparticles were obtained for the first time. Surface selection rules derived from the EM enhancement model were employed to deduce piperidine orientations on the different surfaces. On the basis of this, two models of piperidine adsorbed on the surface of the silver nanoparticles were built, and DFT-B3PW91/LanL2dz was applied to calculate the Raman frequencies. It proves that, at higher potential values, the piperidine is perpendicularly standing on the roughened silver electrode surface though its lone-electron pair, but in silver colloid solution and on the silver nanoparticles modified silver electrode the piperidine molecular lies flat on the silver surface. In the meantime, the potential dependent SERS of piperidine on the modified electrode were studied.     

Microbiological identification by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

New methods for pathogens identification are of growing interest in clinical and food sectors. The challenge remains to develop rapid methods that are more simple, reliable, and specific. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) appears to be a promising tool to compete with current untargeted identification methods. This article presents the intensive research devoted to the use of SERS for bacterial identification, from the first to the very recent published results. Compared to normal Raman spectroscopy, the introduction of nanoparticles for SERS acquisition introduces a new degree of complexity. Bacterial Raman fingerprints, which are already subject to high spectral variability for a given strain, become then very dependent on numerous experimental parameters. To overcome these limitations, several approaches have been proposed to prepare the sample, from the microbiological culture conditions to the analysis of the spectrum including the coupling of nanoparticles on the bacterial membrane. Main strategies proposed over the last 20 years are examined here and discussed in the perspective of a protocol transfer towards industry.     

Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectra of flavone and several hydroxy derivatives

The Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) of flavone and three of its hydroxy derivatives, 3‐hydroxyflavone (3‐HF) and 5‐hydroxyflavone (5‐HF) and quercetin (3,5,7,3′,4′ pentahydroxyflavone) have been obtained. The normal Raman (NR) spectra were taken in the powder form. The SERS spectra were obtained both on Ag colloids and Ag electrode substrates. Assignments of the spectrally observed normal modes were aided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the B3LYP functional and the 6‐31 + G* basis, a split valence polarized basis set with diffuse functions. Excellent fits were obtained for the observed spectra with little or no scaling. The most intense lines of the NR spectra are those in the CO stretching region (near 1600 cm⁻¹). These lines are often weakened by proximity to the surface, while other lines at lower wavenumbers, due to in‐plane ring stretches, tend to be strongly enhanced. The SERS spectrum of flavone is weak both on the colloid and on the electrode, indicating weak attachment to the surface. In contrast, the SERS spectra of the hydroxy derivatives of flavone are intense, indicating the assistance of OH groups in attachment to the surface. The spectra of the various species are compared, and a case study of application to detection of a textile dye (Persian berries), which contains quercetin, is presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Theoretical elucidation of the origin of surface‐enhanced Raman spectra of PCB52 adsorbed on silver substrates

To better understand experimentally observed surface‐enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) adsorbed on nanoscaled silver substrates, a systematic theoretical study was performed by carrying out density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory calculations. 2,2′,5,5′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) was chosen as a model molecule of PCBs, and Ag_n (n = 2, 4, 6, and 10) clusters were used to mimic active sites of substrates. Calculated normal Raman spectra of PCB52–Ag_n (n = 2, 4, 6, and 10) complexes are analogical in profile to that of isolated PCB52 with only slightly enhanced intensity. In contrast, the corresponding SERS spectra calculated at adopted incident light are strongly enhanced, and the calculated enhancement factors are 10⁴ ~ 10⁵. Thus, the experimentally observed SERS phenomenon of PCBs supported on Ag substrates should correspond to the SERS spectra rather than the normal Raman spectra. The dominant enhancement in Raman intensities origins from the charge transfer resonance enhancement between the molecule and clusters. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.