共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
在入射粒子和等离子体相互作用物理学基础上,采用蒙特卡罗方法计算了常温和10 keV下,电子、氢、氘、氚和氦粒子在500 g/cm3纯氘等离子体中的能量损失、射程,以及在和燃料直径为50 m,在边缘、中心点火两种方式下的能量沉积时间,得出燃料约束时间为20 ps条件下的束流强度。实现快点火的边缘(中心)点火要求的最低入射束流强度:电子束为363(458) MA,质子束为187(355) MA,氘束为13.1(24.8) MA,氚束为10.9(20.9) MA,氦束为9.34(17.0) MA。单个粒子在边缘(中心)点火的最长能量沉积时间分别为电子0.036(0.078) ps,质子0.219(0.569) ps,氘0.241(0.651) ps,氚0.320(0.854) ps,氦0.228(0.592) ps,均小于燃料约束时间。数据的分析表明,入射粒子射程的末端设计在加热区,可以有效提高加热效率,同时也可以降低需要的束流强度。点火需要的最低总能量,应通过增加入射粒子的流强来实现。 相似文献
2.
在入射粒子和等离子体相互作用物理学基础上,采用蒙特卡罗方法计算了常温和10 keV下,电子、氢、氘、氚和氦粒子在500 g/cm3纯氘等离子体中的能量损失、射程,以及在和燃料直径为50 m,在边缘、中心点火两种方式下的能量沉积时间,得出燃料约束时间为20 ps条件下的束流强度。实现快点火的边缘(中心)点火要求的最低入射束流强度:电子束为363(458) MA,质子束为187(355) MA,氘束为13.1(24.8) MA,氚束为10.9(20.9) MA,氦束为9.34(17.0) MA。单个粒子在边缘(中心)点火的最长能量沉积时间分别为电子0.036(0.078) ps,质子0.219(0.569) ps,氘0.241(0.651) ps,氚0.320(0.854) ps,氦0.228(0.592) ps,均小于燃料约束时间。数据的分析表明,入射粒子射程的末端设计在加热区,可以有效提高加热效率,同时也可以降低需要的束流强度。点火需要的最低总能量,应通过增加入射粒子的流强来实现。 相似文献
3.
A sequential three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell simulation code PICPSI-3D with a user friendly graphical user interface
(GUI) has been developed and used to study the interaction of plasma with ultrahigh intensity laser radiation. A case study
of laser–plasma-based electron acceleration has been carried out to assess the performance of this code. Simulations have
been performed for a Gaussian laser beam of peak intensity 5 × 10 19 W/cm 2 propagating through an underdense plasma of uniform density 1 × 10 19 cm − 3, and for a Gaussian laser beam of peak intensity 1.5 × 10 19 W/cm 2 propagating through an underdense plasma of uniform density 3.5 × 10 19 cm − 3. The electron energy spectrum has been evaluated at different time-steps during the propagation of the laser beam. When the
plasma density is 1 × 10 19 cm − 3, simulations show that the electron energy spectrum forms a monoenergetic peak at ~14 MeV, with an energy spread of ±7 MeV.
On the other hand, when the plasma density is 3.5 × 10 19 cm − 3, simulations show that the electron energy spectrum forms a monoenergetic peak at ~23 MeV, with an energy spread of ±7.5 MeV. 相似文献
4.
使用蒙特卡罗方法研究入射电子束参数对XHA600D医用电子直线加速器产生的剂量分布的影响,并确定优化的入射电子束参数。根据厂商提供的XHA600D加速器治疗头的几何、材料参数,使用蒙特卡罗程序EGSnrc对不同的入射电子束参数进行模拟并记录其在水模体中产生的剂量分布,将模拟结果与测量结果进行比较。模拟的入射电子束参数包括平均能量、径向强度分布、角度展宽和能量展宽;实验测量数据包括4 cm×4 cm、10 cm×10 cm、30 cm×30 cm射野条件下的百分深度剂量与离轴剂量。结果表明当入射电子束的平均能量为6 MeV、径向强度的半高宽(Full Width at Half Maximum, FWHM)为0.25 cm、角度展宽为0.15°时,模拟结果和测量结果吻合非常好。这些参数可以作为建立适用于XHA600D加速器的TPS(Treatment Planning System)剂量计算模型的基础参数。 相似文献
5.
Models for surfaces with randomly distributed steps having a peferred direction, i.e., an unequal probability of encountering an up or down step when going from one lattice site to the adjacent one, are constructed. The terrace widths obey a geometric distribution function. A closed-form solution is obtained for the angular distribution of the electron diffraction beam intensity. We show that both the angular width of the diffracted beam and the Bragg peak position oscillate as a function of the incident electron energy. Practical implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
6.
The features of plasma formation in a substance heated by a laser-accelerated fast electron beam have been studied. These features are related to the ratio of the heating rate to the rate of energy loss because of radiation processes and electronic thermal conductivity, which are governed by the dependence of the energy of the heating beam particles on the beam intensity, which is characteristic of laser-driven electron acceleration. It has been shown that energy losses increase with the beam intensity and significantly limit the maximum temperature of the formed plasma. The possibility of generating an intense γ-radiation pulse of a nonnuclear origin because of the bremsstrahlung of laser-accelerated electrons has been discussed. 相似文献
7.
实验研究了HIRFL-CSRm中电子冷却装置对C6+,Ar15+两种束流寿命的影响。首先,通过对比实验的测量确定电子冷却可以有效提高束流寿命;其次,探究了电子冷却装置中的各项参数(主要是电子束密度分布、流强、能量、绝热展开因子)是如何影响束流寿命的,通过改变电子束参数,测量束流寿命的变化趋势和规律,并且结合电子冷却相关理论对实验结果给予解释,最终通过实验优化和确定最佳的冷却装置参数,使束流在HIRFL-CSRm上获得了较高的寿命,从而提高HIRFL-CSRm束流累积过程中的流强增益。 相似文献
8.
实验研究了HIRFL-CSRm中电子冷却装置对C6+,Ar15+两种束流寿命的影响。首先,通过对比实验的测量确定电子冷却可以有效提高束流寿命;其次,探究了电子冷却装置中的各项参数(主要是电子束密度分布、流强、能量、绝热展开因子)是如何影响束流寿命的,通过改变电子束参数,测量束流寿命的变化趋势和规律,并且结合电子冷却相关理论对实验结果给予解释,最终通过实验优化和确定最佳的冷却装置参数,使束流在HIRFL-CSRm上获得了较高的寿命,从而提高HIRFL-CSRm束流累积过程中的流强增益。 相似文献
9.
对电子束有一定初始能量分散或角度分散时的自由电子激光小信号增益用较简便的方法进行了分析计算,并给出了一个渐近公式,结果与用计算机模拟解自由电子激光微分方程组得到的结果一致。 相似文献
10.
Ghost lines due to electron reflections occurring on the wall plates of an electrostatic deflection type electron analyser are observed and studied as a function of electron intensity and energy, in the kinetic energy range 25–40keV. The model by Froitzheim et al. [3] is found to be in good agreement with our measurements. A new method, based on the angular separation of the ghost beam from the analysed beam, is used to reduce the ghost structure intensity by a factor of about 300. 相似文献
11.
Energy distributions of electrons back-scattered from copper (100) and (110) surfaces have been obtained for incident electron energies in the range 30 to 350 eV. The relations between optical measurements and the characteristic energy losses, as well as the effect of interband transitions on the bulk and surface plasmon frequencies in metals which do not have ideally free electron plasmas are discussed. By chemisorbing increasing amounts of oxygen on the clean surface, the surface plasmon loss peak was identified in the copper energy loss spectrum from its intensity dependence on the dielectric constant at the surface. This peak has been identified by previous authors as the bulk plasmon loss of a single s-electron plasma oscillation. Our identification of the surface plasmon loss peak implies that the d-electrons in copper do participate in the plasma oscillation and that the bulk plasmon frequency is shifted from its free electron value because of interband transitions. 相似文献
12.
The step heights or first interlayer spacings on ultrathin heteroepitaxial films of Fe on Au(001) have been determined from the energy-dependent angular profiles of the specular diffraction beam obtained from low energy electron diffraction (LEED). This method requires little effort in calculation and can be used as a guide in the widely used dynamical LEED calculation of the energy-dependent peak intensity. It is also very general and can be applied to other ultrathin heteroepitaxial films as long as the scattering factors of constituent atoms have slow varying phases relative to the phase change due to step height in the low energy regime. 相似文献
13.
Angular and spatial profiles of undulator radiation have been investigated to derive a universal function that evaluates the brilliance of undulator radiation and takes into account the effects of electron beam emittance and energy spread. It has been found that the effects of energy spread on the angular divergence and source size can be expressed by simple analytic expressions, and a universal brilliance function has been derived by convolution with the electron beam distribution functions. Comparisons with numerical results have been carried out to show the validity and applicability of the universal function. 相似文献
14.
In the experiments an relativistic electron beam (REB)-plasma interaction, the foilless injection of REB from a magnetized diode is of special interest due to the low spread angle of the beam and high repetition rate of the shots. In the experiments presented, the problem of diode shortening in the presence of a dense plasma from the interaction chamber has been solved using a special drift pipe as an anode of the foilless diode. The electron beam (U d~0.7 MeV, t b~100-200 ns) produced by an axially symmetric magnetically insulated diode has been injected into a magnetized hydrogen plasma column with density ranging from 1·10 15-3·10 16 cm -3. It has been found that the anode pipe substantially reduces the plasma flow into the diode gap, but does not stop it completely, thus the REB generation in a plasma-filled diode has taken place. In some regimes of the beam generation it becomes possible to increase significantly the injected current and total energy deposition of the beam in comparison with the case of a vacuum magnetized diode of the same geometry. The experiments have shown effective dense plasma heating under the foilless injection 相似文献
15.
A Monte Carlo code is developed to study mega-electron-volt(MeV) electron scattering and transport in plasma based on multiple scattering.A scaling law relating the angular width of a scattered beam to the incident electron energy and the areal density of plasma is found,which may provide a method of MeV electron radiography for diagnosing the areal density of high-temperature,dense plasma under fusion conditions.The study on the MeV electron beam radiography also shows that plasma density interfaces could be discriminated by electron scattering. 相似文献
16.
自由电子激光器要求高亮度、低能散度的电子束注入波荡器(Undulator)。本文叙述提供高亮度电子束的高频电子直线加速器中的注入器部分的设计计算。注入器由L波段(1300MHz)的十二分频和三分频两个谐振腔预聚束器和一个基波频率的变相速聚束器组成。粒子运动方程中考虑了空间电荷效应和束流负载效应。电子枪的注入参数:脉冲宽度T=4ns;电流I=5A;电子的初始动能E_0=100keV;电子束分布为高斯型。参数优化设计结果:单束团宽度小于25ps,峰值电流达400A以上,电子的平均归一化能量>4,束团内的能量差小于200keV。 相似文献
17.
A simple and practical method to calculate the small signal gain with an initial electron beam energy spread or angular spread is presented and used to analyse the optical klystron FEL, an asymptotic formula is given, contour maps are used to show the results. 相似文献
18.
报道了毛细管放电69.8 nm软X射线激光的光强分布特性. 实验中所用毛细管长度为35 cm, 放电主脉冲电流幅值为11.5 kA, 放电初始气压为14-16 Pa. 测得的光斑强度分布由两部分构成, 在中心有一个占光强绝大部分的主峰, 其发散角约为0.4 mrad, 边缘还有两个小的离轴峰, 峰-峰发散角约为1.5 mrad. 理论上采用几何光学近似的方法对其光强分布进行计算, 光斑如此小的发散角主峰的出现, 可能主要是由于毛细管放电过程中电子密度在轴心处具有轻微凹陷造成的. 相似文献
19.
A new mechanism is reported that increases electron energy gain from a laser beam of ultrarelativistic intensity in underdense plasma. The increase occurs when the laser produces an ion channel that confines accelerated electrons. The frequency of electron oscillations across the channel is strongly modulated by the laser beam, which causes parametric amplification of the oscillations and enhances the electron energy gain. This mechanism has a threshold determined by a product of beam intensity and ion density. 相似文献
20.
General expressions are obtained which show the relation between the height and area of a photoelectron peak and the partial photoionisation cross-section. It is shown that, if the height is used as a measure of intensity, the energy spread of the incident photon beam and the analyser bandpass must be considered. The importance of having a complete knowledge of the variation of analyser efficiency with electron energy is stressed, the cylindrical mirror analyser being given as an example. 相似文献
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