Asymmetrical dynamic propagation problems on mode III interface crack

By the application of the theory of complex functions, asymmetrical dynamic propagation problems on modeⅢinterface crack are studied. The universal representations of analytical solutions are obtained by the approaches of self-similar function. The problems researched can be facilely transformed into Riemann-Hilbert problems and analytical solution to an asymmetrical propagation crack under the condition of point loads and unit-step loads, respectively, is acquired. After those solutions were used by superposition theorem, the solutions of arbitrarily complex problems could be attained.     

DYNAMIC PROPAGATION PROBLEM ON DUGDALE MODEL OF MODE Ⅲ INTERFACE CRACK

By the theory of complex functions, the dynamic propagation problem on Dugdale model of mode Ⅲ interface crack for nonlinear characters of materials was studied. The general expressions of analytical solutions are obtained by the methods of self-similar functions. The problems dealt with can be easily transformed into Riemann-Hilbert problems and their closed solutions are attained rather simply by this approach. After those solutions were utilized by superposition theorem, the solutions of arbitrarily complex problems could be obtained.     

MESHLESS METHOD FOR 2D MIXED-MODE CRACK PROPAGATION BASED ON VORONOI CELL

A meshless method integrated with linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) is presented for 2D mixed-mode crack propagation analysis. The domain is divided automatically into sub-domains based on Voronoi cells, which are used for quadrature for the potential energy. The continuous crack propagation is simulated with an incremental crack-extension method which assumes a piecewise linear discretization of the unknown crack path. For each increment of the crack extension, the meshless method is applied to carry out a stress analysis of the cracked structure. The J-integral, which can be decomposed into mode I and mode II for mixed-mode crack, is used for the evaluation of the stress intensity factors (SIFs). The crack-propagation direction, predicted on an incremental basis, is computed by a criterion defined in terms of the SIFs. The flowchart of the proposed procedure is presented and two numerical problems are analyzed with this method. The meshless results agree well with the experimental ones, which validates the accuracy and efficiency of the method.     

SURFACE STRESS EFFECT IN MECHANICS OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS

This review article summarizes the advances in the surface stress effect in mechanics of nanostructured elements,including nanoparticles,nanowires,nanobeams,and nanofilms,and heterogeneous materials containing nanoscale inhomogeneities.It begins with the fundamental formulations of surface mechanics of solids,including the definition of surface stress as a surface excess quantity,the surface constitutive relations,and the surface equilibrium equations.Then,it depicts some theoretical and experimental studies of the mechanical properties of nanostructured elements,as well as the static and dynamic behaviour of cantilever sensors caused by the surface stress which is influenced by adsorption.Afterwards,the article gives a summary of the analytical elasto-static and dynamic solutions of a single as well as multiple inhomogeneities embedded in a matrix with the interface stress prevailing.The effect of surface elasticity on the diffraction of elastic waves is elucidated.Due to the difficulties in the analytical solution of inhomogeneities of complex shapes and configurations,finite element approaches have been developed for heterogeneous materials with the surface stress.Surface stress and surface energy are inherently related to crack propagation and the stress field in the vicinity of crack tips.The solutions of crack problems taking into account surface stress effects are also included.Predicting the effective elastic and plastic responses of heterogeneous materials while taking into account surface and interface stresses has received much attention.The advances in this topic are inevitably delineated.Mechanics of rough surfaces appears to deserve special attention due to its theoretical and practical implications.Some most recent work is reviewed.Finally,some challenges are pointed out.They include the characterization of surfaces and interfaces of real nanomaterials,experimental measurements and verification of mechanical parameters of complex surfaces,and the effects of the physical and chemical processes on the surface properties,etc.     

Dynamic stress intensity factor K III and dynamic crack propagation characteristics of anisotropic materials

Based on the mechanics of anisotropic materials, the dynamic propagation problem of a mode Ⅲ crack in an infinite anisotropic body is investigated. Stress, strain and displacement around the crack tip are expressed as an analytical complex function, which can be represented in power series. Constant coefficients of series are determined by boundary conditions. Expressions of dynamic stress intensity factors for a mode Ⅲ crack are obtained. Components of dynamic stress, dynamic strain and dynamic displacement around the crack tip are derived. Crack propagation characteristics are represented by the mechanical properties of the anisotropic materials, i.e., crack propagation velocity M and the parameter ~. The faster the crack velocity is, the greater the maximums of stress components and dynamic displacement components around the crack tip are. In particular, the parameter α affects stress and dynamic displacement around the crack tip.     

THE CONSTITUTIVE RELATION OF CRACK-WEAKENED ROCK MASSES UNDER AXIAL-DIMENSIONAL UNLOADING

An accurate and efficient numerical method for solving the crack-crack interaction problem is presented. The method is mainly by means of the dislocation model, stress superposition principle and Chebyshev polynomial expansion of the pseudo-traction. This method can be applied to compute the stress intensity factors of multiple kinked cracks and multiple rows of periodic cracks as well as the overall strains of rock masses containing multiple kinked cracks under complex loads. Many complex computational examples are given. The dependence of the crack-crack interaction on the crack configuration, the geometrical and physical parameters, and loads pattern, is investigated. By comparison with numerical results under confining pressure unloading, it is shown that the crack-crack interaction under axial-dimensional unloading is weaker than those under confining pressure unloading. Numerical results for single faults and crossed faults show that the single faults are more unstable than the crossed faults. It is found from numerical results for different crack lengths and different crack spacing that the interaction among kinked cracks decreases with an increase in length of the kinked cracks and the crack spacing under axial-dimensional unloading.     

THE PERIODIC CRACKS OF AN INFINITE ANISOTROPIC MEDIA FOR PLANE SKEW-SYMMETRIC LOADINGS

This paper attempts to solve the periodic crack problems of infinitive anisotropicmedia for plane skew-symmetric loadings by means of the method of complex function. Theproblems are now reduced to the determination of two complex functions that must satisfycertain boundary conditions. In this paper, the stresses, the displacements and the boundaryconditions are assumed to be periodic, mdfurther, the stresses are assumed to be boundedat infinity. The solutions are expressed in closed forms.     

Semi-analytical finite element method for fictitious crack model in fracture mechanics of concrete

Based on the Hamiltonian governing equations of plane elasticity for sectorial domain, the variable separation and eigenfunction expansion techniques were employed to develop a novel analytical finite element for the fictitious crack model in fracture mechanics of concrete. The new analytical element can be implemented into FEM program systems to solve fictitious crack propagation problems for concrete cracked plates with arbitrary shapes and loads. Numerical results indicate that the method is more efficient and accurate than ordinary finite element method.     

多裂纹问题积分方程方法及相关问题

The content of thisreview consists of recent developments covering an advancedtreatment of multiple crack problems in plane elasticity. Severalelementary solutions are highlighted, which are the fundamentalsfor the formulation of the integral equations. The elementarysolutions include those initiated by point sources or by adistributed traction along the crack face. Two kinds of singularintegral equations, three kinds of Fredholm integral equations,and one kind of hypersingular integral equation are suggested forthe multiple crack problems in plane elasticity. Regularizationprocedures are also investigated. For the solution of the integralequations, the relevant quadrature rules are addressed. A varietyof methods for solving the multiple crack problems is introduced.Applications for the solution of the multiple crack problems arealso addressed. The concept of the modified complex potential(MCP) is emphasized, which will extend the solution range, forexample, from the multiple crack problem in an infinite plate tothat in a circular plate. Many multiple crack problems areaddressed. Those problems include: (i) multiple semi-infinitecrack problem, (ii) multiple crack problem with a general loading,(iii) multiple crack problem for the bonded half-planes, (iv)multiple crack problem for a finite region, (v) multiple crackproblem for a circular region, (vi) multiple crack problem inantiplane elasticity, (vii) T-stress in the multiple crackproblem, and (viii) periodic crack problem and many others. Thisreview article cites 187 references.      

FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF COMPLEX 3D STATIC AND DYNAMIC CRACK PROPAGATION BY EMBEDDING COHESIVE ELEMENTS IN ABAQUS

<正>This study proposes an algorithm of embedding cohesive elements in Abaqus and develops the computer code to model 3D complex crack propagation in quasi-brittle materials in a relatively easy and efficient manner.The cohesive elements with softening traction-separation relations and damage initiation and evolution laws are embedded between solid elements in regions of interest in the initial mesh to model potential cracks.The initial mesh can consist of tetrahedrons,wedges,bricks or a mixture of these elements.Neither remeshing nor objective crack propagation criteria are needed.Four examples of concrete specimens,including a wedge-splitting test,a notched beam under torsion,a pull-out test of an anchored cylinder and a notched beam under impact,were modelled and analysed.The simulated crack propagation processes and load-displacement curves agreed well with test results or other numerical simulations for all the examples using initial meshes with reasonable densities.Making use of Abaqus's rich pre/post-processing functionalities and powerful standard/explicit solvers,the developed method offers a practical tool for engineering analysts to model complex 3D fracture problems.     

Interface crack problems for mode II of double dissimilar orthotropic composite materials

The fracture problems near the similar orthotropic composite materials are interface crack tip for mode Ⅱ of double disstudied. The mechanical models of interface crack for mode Ⅱ are given. By translating the governing equations into the generalized hi-harmonic equations, the stress functions containing two stress singularity exponents are derived with the help of a complex function method. Based on the boundary conditions, a system of non-homogeneous linear equations is found. Two real stress singularity exponents are determined be solving this system under appropriate conditions about bimaterial engineering parameters. According to the uniqueness theorem of limit, both the formulae of stress intensity factors and theoretical solutions of stress field near the interface crack tip are derived. When the two orthotropic materials are the same, the stress singularity exponents, stress intensity factors and stresses for mode II crack of the orthotropic single material are obtained.     

DYNAMIC CRACK MODELS ON PROBLEM OF BRIDGING FIBER PULL-OUT OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

An elastic analysis of an internal central crack with bridging fibers parallel to the free surface in an infinite orthotropic anisotropic elastic plane was performed. A dynamic model of bridging fiber pull-out of composite materials was presented. Resultingly the fiber failure is governed by maximum tensile stress, the fiber breaks and hence the crack extension should occur in self-similar fashion. By the methods of complex functions, the problem studied can be transformed into the dynamic model to the Reimann-Hilbert mixed boundary value problem, and a straightforward and easy analytical solution is presented. Analytical study on the crack propagation subjected to a ladder load and an instantaneous pulse loading is obtained respectively for orthotropic anisotropic body. By utilizing the solution, the concrete solutions of this model are attained by ways of superposition.     

A MOVING CRACK IN A NONHOMOGENEOUS MATERIAL STRIP

This paper considers an anti-plane moving crack in a nonhomogeneous material strip of finite thickness. The shear modulus and the mass density of the strip are considered for a class of functional forms for which the equilibrium equation has analytical solutions. The problem is solved by means of the singular integral equation technique. The stress field near the crack tip is obtained. The results are plotted to show the effect of the material non-homogeneity and crack moving velocity on the crack tip field. Crack bifurcation behaviour is also discussed. The paper points out that use of an appropriate fracture criterion is essential for studying the stability of a moving crack in nonhomogeneous materials. The prediction whether the unstable crack growth will be enhanced or retarded is strongly dependent on the type of the fracture criterion used. Based on the analysis, it seems that the maximum 'anti-plane shear' stress around the crack tip is a suitable failure criterion for moving cracks in nonhomogeneous materials.     

Penny-shaped interfacial crack between dissimilar magnetoelectroelastic layers

A penny-shaped interfacial crack between dissimilar magnetoelectroelastic layers subjected to magnetoelectromechanical loads is investigated,where the magnetoelectrically impermeable crack surface condition is adopted. By using Hankel transform technique,the mixed boundary value problem is firstly reduced to a system of singular integral equations,which are further reduced to a system of algebraic equations. The field intensity factors and energy release rate are finally derived. Numerical results elucidate the eects of crack configuration,electric and/or magnetic loads,and material parameters of the magnetoelectroelastic layers on crack propagation and growth. This work should be useful for the design of magnetoelectroelastic composite structures.     

INTERACTION OF A DISLOCATION DIPOLE WITH A MODE III INTERFACE CRACK

Interaction between a screw dislocation dipole and a mode III interface crack is investigated. By using the complex variable method, the closed form solutions for complex potentials are obtained when a screw dislocation dipole lies inside a medium. The stress fields and the stress intensity factors at the tip of the interface crack produced by the screw dislocation dipole are given. The influence of the orientation, the dipole arm and the location of the screw dislocation dipole as well as the material mismatch on the stress intensity factors is discussed. The image force and the image torque acting on the screw dislocation dipole center are also calculated. The mechanical equilibrium position of the screw dislocation dipole is examined for various material property combinations and crack geometries. The results indicate that the shielding or anti-shielding effect on the stress intensity factor increases abruptly when the dislocation dipole approaches the tip of the crack. Additionally, the disturbation of the interface crack on the motion of the dislocation dipole is also significant.     

New model of propagation rates of long crack due to structure fatigue

By comparison of the characteristics of existing models for long fatigue crack propagation rates, a new model, called the generalized passivation-lancet model for long fatigue crack propagation rates （GPLFCPR）, and a general formula for characterizing the process of crack growth rates are proposed based on the passivation-lancet theory. The GPLFCPR model overcomes disadvantages of the existing models and can describe the rules of the entire fatigue crack growth process from the cracking threshold to the critical fracturing point effectively with explicit physical meaning. It also reflects the influence of material characteristics, such as strength parameters, fracture parameters and heat treatment. Experimental results obtained by testing LZ50 steel, AlZnMgCu0.5, 0.5Cr0.5Mo0.25V steel, etc., show good consistency with the new model. The GPLFCPR model is valuable in theoretical research and practical applications.     

Green’s function for T-stress of semi-infinite plane crack

Green’s function for the T-stress near a crack tip is addressed with an analytic function method for a semi-infinite crack lying in an elastical, isotropic, and infinite plate. The cracked plate is loaded by a single inclined concentrated force at an interior point. The complex potentials are obtained based on a superposition principle, which provide the solutions to the plane problems of elasticity. The regular parts of the potentials are extracted in an asymptotic analysis. Based on the regular parts, Gre...     

Incubation time fracture criterion for FEM simulations

The paper is discussing problems connected with embedment of the incubation time criterion for brittle fracture into finite element computational schemes.Incubation time fracture criterion is reviewed;practical questions of its numerical implementation are extensively discussed.Several examples of how the incubation time fracture criterion can be used as fracture condition in finite element computations are given.The examples include simulations of dynamic crack propagation and arrest,impact crater formation(i.e.fracture in initially intact media),spall fracture in plates,propagation of cracks in pipelines.Applicability of the approach to model initiation,development and arrest of dynamic fracture is claimed.     

Analysis of bonded anisotropic wedges with interface crack under anti-plane shear loading

The antiplane stress analysis of two anisotropic finite wedges with arbitrary radii and apex angles that are bonded together along a common edge is investigated. The wedge radial boundaries can be subjected to displacement-displacement boundary condi- tions, and the circular boundary of the wedge is free from any traction. The new finite complex transforms are employed to solve the problem. These finite complex transforms have complex analogies to both kinds of standard finite Mellin transforms. The traction free condition on the crack faces is expressed as a singular integral equation by using the exact analytical method. The explicit terms for the strength of singularity are extracted, showing the dependence of the order of the stress singularity on the wedge angle, material constants, and boundary conditions. A numerical method is used for solving the resul- tant singular integral equations. The displacement boundary condition may be a general term of the Taylor series expansion for the displacement prescribed on the radial edge of the wedge. Thus, the analysis of every kind of displacement boundary conditions can be obtained by the achieved results from the foregoing general displacement boundary condition. The obtained stress intensity factors （SIFs） at the crack tips are plotted and compared with those obtained by the finite element analysis （FEA）.