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1.
CuO-CeO2 catalyst prepared with co-precipitation showed high catalytic performance for the preferential oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen (PROX). Influence of pH values in the preparation of CuO-CeO2 on its catalytic performance was investigated in this work. The CuO-CeO2 catalyst prepared at pH = 13.03 had the smallest particle size (5.4 nm), the largest surface areas (138 m2/g) and the highest activity with CO conversion of 99.6% at 130 ℃. The CuO-CeO2 catalyst was characterized using BET, XRD and TPR techniques. The results showed that when the pH value of the mixed solution containing Cu and Ce species was properly adjusted, both the adsorption layers and diffusion layers of the formed colloidal particles in hydroxide precursor of CuO-CeO2 were modified, resulting in the better catalytic performance for PROX on the final CuO-CeO2 catalyst.  相似文献   

2.
Influence of three different preparation methods, i.e. impregnation, coprecipitation, and inverse coprecipitation, on the preferential oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen (PROX) over CuO-CeO2 catalysts has been investigated and CuO-CeO2 catalysts are characterized using BET, XPS, XRD, UV Raman, and TPR techniques. The results show that the catalysts prepared by coprecipitation have smaller particle sizes, well-dispersed CuOx species, more oxygen vacancies, and are more active in the PROX than those prepared by the other methods. However. the inverse coprecipitation depresses the catalytic performance of CuO-CeO2 catalysts and causes the growth of CuO-CeO2 because of different pH value in the precipitation process.  相似文献   

3.
In the present study, we have investigated the reducibility of CuO species on CuO-CeO2 catalysts and the influence of CuO species on the catalytic performance for CO preferential oxidation (CO PROX) in excess hydrogen. It is revealed that the smaller the difference of reduction temperature (denoted as ?T) for two adjacent CuO species is, the higher the catalytic activity of CuO-CeO2 for the PROX in excess hydrogen may be obtained. It means that if the reduction energy of Cu0-Cu2+ pairs matched better, the reduction-oxidation recycle of Cu0-Cu2+ pairs would go on more easily, then the transferring energy of Cu0-Cu2+ pairs would be lesser. Therefore, the CuO-CeO2 catalysts will be largely improved in their catalytic performance if the different CuO species on the catalysts have matched the reduction energy, which would allows them to cooperate effectively.  相似文献   

4.
氮氧化物(NOx)作为煤炭燃烧过程主要污染物之一, 可直接或间接引起如光化学烟雾、酸沉降、平流层臭氧损耗和全球气候变化等大气环境污染问题. NOx的选择性催化还原技术(SCR)被认为是目前处理固定源NOx的最有效方法之一. 由于燃煤工业锅炉烟气中还有1%~3%的CO, 远高于NOx的0.02%~0.04%, 因此, 以CO为还原剂进行CO-SCR脱硝具有现实意义, 它可在反应过程中同时消除CO和NO两种有害气体, 但对催化剂的活性及抗毒性提出更高要求. CeO2作为一种常用的稀土材料, 因具有良好的储放氧能力而广泛应用于SCR反应中. 过渡金属改性可进一步改善CeO2的物化性能, 从而可能达到CO-SCR的应用要求.本文利用超临界水热技术合成了MOx-CeO2(M = Co, Fe, Cu)固溶体催化剂, 并利用X射线衍射(XRD), 氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR), 傅里叶变换原位红外(DRFTIR)等探究了催化剂在CO-SCR反应中的催化活性与作用机制. CO-SCR反应活性测试表明, CuO-CeO2催化剂活性明显优于FeOx-CeO2和CoOx-CeO2催化剂, 在126 ℃ NO去除率即可达到90%; 其N2选择性也可在179 ℃时达到90%. 为了进一步探究MOx-CeO2(M = Co, Fe, Cu)催化剂的CO-SCR反应途径,本文随后进行了系列原位DRFTIR实验, 发现NO在三种催化剂表面均能被高效吸附, 其吸附态中间产物主要为双齿硝酸根, 桥式硝酸根, 桥式硝基和亚硝酰基等. 另外, 在CuO-CeO2催化剂表面还存有螯合硝基和单齿硝酸根. CO在催化剂表面主要以COx, 碳酸根和羧酸根等形式存在. 值得注意的是, 在CuO-CeO2表面, CO因吸附于Cu+而形成Cu+-CO, 在2100 cm-1左右形成明显的特征峰. 当催化剂表面吸附CO至饱和后再通入NO发现, CO的吸附特征峰逐渐被NO的特征吸附峰取代; 而当NO被吸附至饱和后再通入CO, NO的特征峰则不出现明显变化. 这表明NO和CO在催化剂表面存在竞争吸附, NO可能优先于CO吸附在催化剂表面. 当NO和CO同时通入红外反应仓时发现, 在CoOx-CeO2和FeOx-CeO2催化剂表面只观察到NO的吸附峰, 而在CuO-CeO2催化剂表面观察到Cu+-CO的特征峰, 说明在CO-SCR反应过程中, CO可以在Cu+表面被有效吸附,其与吸附于CeO2表面的NO物种反应生成N2和CO2, 遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood反应机理. 而在CoOx-CeO2和FeOx-CeO2催化剂表面, 因NO的竞争吸附, 使得二者主要遵循Eley-Rideal反应机理.  相似文献   

5.
MnOx/Al2O3/Ce0.45Zr0.45M0.10Oy (M = Mn,Y,La) catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by BET,TPR and XRD analyses.The catalytic activities toward ethanol combustion were investigated in a microreactor.The results demonstrated that the catalytic activity of MnOx/Al2O3/Ce0.50Zr0.50O2 monolithic catalyst could be improved by doping Mn,Y and La into Ce0.50Zr0.50O2.When doping Y into Ce0.50Zr0.50O2,the catalyst MnOx/Al2O3/Ce0.45Zr0.45Y0.10O1.95 showed the highest activity.The 100% conversion temperature of ethanol was 230 ℃.Furthermore,once the conversion of ethanol started,the complete conversion was quickly achieved.The doping of Mn,Y and La led to better activity for ethanol combustion and lower temperature reduction peaks in TPR profiles.The doping of Mn resulted in enhanced oxygen storage capacity (OSC),larger area of the reduction peaks,and excellent reactivity,and the doping of Y resulted in the lowest reduction temperature and the best activity.  相似文献   

6.
The increasingly restrictive regulations on car exhaust emissions will necessitate the development of a new generation of three way catalysts (TWC) with better performance1. Ceria (CeO2) is the main component of the current TWC: its key role is to compensate the fluctuations in the exhaust stream composition, therefore, allowing to expand the air/fuel(A/F) operating window of catalytic converters2. This property is related to its oxygen storage capacity (OSC), associated to the redox couple Ce4+/Ce3+. However, CeO2 alone is easy to sinter to lost OSC at high temperature3.Ceria-zirconia (CexZr1-xO2) solid solutions by incorporation of Zr4+ in the CeO2 lattice have enhanced OSC and greater thermal stability, which are becoming the key materials for the new generation of TWC4. OSC of ceria-zirconia solid solutions can be further improved by the addition of M3+ dopants5. Besides Ce, other rare-earth elements such as Pr and Tb can vary their oxidation state. Pr and Tb are particularly suitable for making solid solutions with cerium because the known structure of PrO2 and TbO2 is of the cubic fluorite type, and the ionic radii of Pr4+ and Tb4+ are close to that of Ce4+6.In this paper, Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2 (M=Y, La, Pr, Tb) were prepared by co-precipitation technique and characterized by a series of methods. Meanwhile, palladium-only TWCs were prepared by slurry coating and their catalytic activity was evaluated under the condition of simulated exhaust in the lab.XRD and FT-Raman spectra results show Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2 have cubic fluorite structure which keep unchanging at high temperature. The different dopant ion radii brought different effect on the cell parameter of Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show that the binding energy of Ce3d, Zr3d and O1s for Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2 rose compared with that for Ce0.6Zr0.4O2, indicating dopant elements changed chemistry environment of solid solutions which was available to improve redox performance From TPR results, doping La can not change redox performance of solid solution, but doping Y decreased reduction temperature. Doping Pr and Tb notably improved redox performance of solid solutions due to appearance of low-temperature reduction peak in TPR profile which come from mobility of bulk oxygen.Compared with Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2, doping Y and La unchanged A/F characteristic of TWCs, but doping Pr and Tb widen A/ F operating window and make HC, CO and NO have higher conversion.The light-off temperature of Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.3La0.1O2 was corresponded to that of Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2.However, the light-off temperatures of Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2 (M=Y, Pr, Tb) were lower than that of Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2, which kept much lower after high temperature treatments. Among Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2 (M=Y, La, Pr, Tb), Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.3Tb0.1O2 showed wider A/F operating window,higher conversion, lower light-off temperature and better high-temperature resistance  相似文献   

7.
The CuO-CeO2 catalyst prepared by chelating method has a superior catalytic performance for the preferential oxidation of CO in rich hydrogen, compared with the CuO-CeO2 catalyst prepared by coprecipitation method. The CO conversions over these catalysts, at 120℃and 120000 ml/(g-h) in the absence of CO2 and H2O, are 99.6% and 88.6%, respectively, and the selectivity of O2 over these catalysts is very close (i.e. 51.3% and 55.8%, respectively). The influence of certain factors such as hydrogen concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, H2O, O2/CO ratios, and space velocity on the catalytic performance of CuO-CeO2 catalyst prepared by chelating method is also studied. The results show that the addition of hydrogen and H2O has a negative effect on the catalytic performance of CuO-CeO2 catalyst, however, the variation of space velocity and the O2/CO ratio causes a comparatively slight influence.  相似文献   

8.
采用顺序浸渍法制备了掺杂助剂M(M=Cr、Zn、Y、La)的CuO/CeO_2催化剂,并利用XRF、XRD、BET、H_2-TPR和XPS等手段对催化剂进行了表征,考察了不同助剂对CuO/CeO_2催化剂结构、性质和性能的影响。结果表明,助剂的掺杂主要影响CuO/CeO_2催化剂的CuO分散、催化剂的还原性质、CuO与CeO_2间的相互作用和催化剂表面氧空穴含量。掺杂助剂Cr和Zn后,提高了CuO在催化剂表面的分散度,使CuO和CeO_2间的相互作用加强,表面氧空穴增加,进而使得催化活性提高。而掺杂助剂Y和La后,降低了CuO在催化剂表面的分散度,使CuO和CeO_2间的相互作用减弱,表面氧空穴减少,进而使得催化活性降低。其中,掺杂Cr助剂的催化剂催化性能较优,当反应条件为260℃,n(CH_3OH)∶n(H_2O)=1∶1.2,甲醇水蒸气气体空速为1760 h~(-1)时,最终转化率可达100%,重整尾气中CO含量为0.15%,与CuO/CeO_2催化剂相比,转化率提高了10%,重整尾气中CO含量降低了0.34%。  相似文献   

9.
制备了一种粘附在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体上的CeO_2-Y_2O_3(CeY)复合氧化物新涂层.以二氧化铈和柠檬酸钇为前驱体,制备过程中无有害物质产生,对环境友好.CeY涂层和Pd/CeY催化剂通过SEM、EDX、XRF和Raman光谱等表征.结果表明,此涂层的粘结强度高,对活性组分的吸附性能好,适合用来负载钯催化剂.Y_2O_3大部分进入了峰窝陶瓷的孔道内,CeO_2和Pd物种则富集在载体的表面.以CO、甲苯和乙酸乙酯的催化燃烧来评价Pd/CeY催化剂的性能,此催化剂具有较好的催化活性和热稳定性.500℃焙烧的催化剂,CO、甲苯和乙酸乙酯的T_(99)(转化率99%以上所需的最低反应温度)分别为150、220和310℃;1050℃焙烧的催化剂,它们的T_(99)分别为180、250和330℃.高温焙烧的催化剂,活性物种PdO的晶粒增大,这可能导致催化剂的活性下降.  相似文献   

10.
采用草酸盐热分解-浸渍法制备了一系列不同CuO负载量的CuO/CeO_2催化剂,并将其用于CO优先氧化(PROX)研究.当CuO负载量为10%时催化剂活性最高,具有温区最宽且温度最低的CO完全转化窗口(96~160℃),并且当反应温度低于131℃时,产物中CO2选择性始终保持100%.研究结果表明,当负载少量CuO时,Cu~(2+)离子会进入CeO_2晶格形成固溶体;进一步提高CuO负载量会导致CuO在CeO_2表面聚集.对于CuO/CeO_2催化剂,形成Cu-Ce固溶体会在催化剂表面生成大量的表面氧空位和Ce3+;Ce3+则与Cu~(2+)作用产生更多的表面Cu~+,而Cu~+是CO PROX的活性中心,因此表面Ce3+含量的提高和Cu-Ce之间相互作用的增强是活性提高的主要原因.与普通沉淀-浸渍法制备的CuO/CeO_2催化剂相比,草酸盐热分解-浸渍法制备的催化剂更有利于Cu-Ce固溶体的形成,从而具有更多的表面Ce3+和更强的表面Cu-Ce相互作用,因此具有更高的CO优先氧化活性.  相似文献   

11.
钙钛矿型稀土复合氧化物催化剂上一氧化碳的选择氧化   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
考察了在钙钛矿型稀土复合氧化物催化剂上,氢气中一氧化碳选择氧化的催化性能,发现该催化剂具有优良的催化活性和选择性。LaMnO3中的锰被铜部分取代后可以提高其催化活性,当其中的镧再被锶或钡部分取代后所得的催化剂的催化活性进一步提高。其中以La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.5Cu0.5O3的催化活性为最佳,在该催化剂上,在40 000 mL·g-1·h-1下,155 ℃时CO可被完全转化为CO2,此时的选择性达54%,与铂催化剂的性能相近。反应气中加入CO2时,CO转化率下降,但选择性有所提高;加入水蒸气则使CO的转化率和反应选择性均下降。  相似文献   

12.
稀土对二氧化碳加氢合成低碳烯烃催化剂活性的影响   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
以La、Ce、Pr、Nd作为铁-海泡石催化剂的催化剂,用于地中氢反应,合成低碳烯烃,得到了良好的结果。稀土元素的加入影响产物的分布与二氧化碳的转化率,其中,以含25%钕的化剂及选择性最佳。  相似文献   

13.
使用复杂晶体化学键理论计算了La0.5R0.5Ba2Cu3O7(R=Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy,Y,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)(La-R123),Pr0.5R0.5Ba2Cu3O7(R=La,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy,Ho,Y,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)(Pr-R123)以及RBa2Cu3O7(R=La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy,Ho,Y,Er,Tm)(R123)中Cu-O键的键共价性,结果表明Pr-R123,La-R123,以及R123都应具有超导性,而实验结果是La0.5Pr0.5Ba2Cu07,R0.5,Pr0.5Ba2Cu3O7(R=La,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd)无超导性,产生这种矛盾的原因尚不明确,需要做进一步的研究。  相似文献   

14.
采用非晶态多核配合的方法合成了La1-xCuxMnO3(x=0、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5)系列催化剂, 并用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、比表面测定仪(BET)等手段对催化剂的微观结构进行了表征. 研究了Cu掺杂对钙钛矿结构及其对CO催化氧化发光性能及催化氧化CO、CH4性能的影响规律. 结果表明, 当x≤0.1 时, Cu掺杂仍可形成单相的钙钛矿结构; 当x>0.1时, 过量掺杂的Cu以CuO杂相存在. Cu掺杂可改善La1-xCuxMnO3催化剂对CO和CH4的催化氧化活性. 经700 ℃焙烧3 h制备的La0.9Cu0.1MnO3催化剂具有最高CO催化氧化活性(T100%=170 ℃), 该结果与CO催化氧化发光结果一致.而La0.95Cu0.05MnO3催化剂对CH4的催化氧化活性最高(T95%=705 ℃).  相似文献   

15.
RE/TiO2用于NO2-光催化氧化的研究   总被引:73,自引:0,他引:73  
 以稀土盐和钛酸丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂稀土\r\n光催化剂RE/TiO2(RE=La,Ce,Er,Pr,Gd,Nd,Sm),并用XRD,\r\nDRS和IR等手段对RE/TiO2进行了表征;以NO-2为目标降解物,考察了\r\n其光催化氧化活性.结果表明,适量RE的掺入,可有效扩展TiO2的光谱\r\n响应范围,有利于NO-2的吸附,使光催化活性均有不同程度的提高.\r\n其中掺杂Gd样品的光催化活性最高.掺杂量是影响光催化活性的重要因\r\n素,一般最佳掺杂量为w(RE)≈0.5%.  相似文献   

16.
Han F  Teng Q  Zhang Y  Wang Y  Shen Q 《Inorganic chemistry》2011,50(6):2634-2643
The monoamido lanthanide complexes stabilized by Schiff base ligand L(2)LnN(TMS)(2) (L = 3,5-Bu(t)(2)-2-(O)-C(6)H(2)CH═N-8-C(9)H(6)N, Ln = Yb (1), Y (2), Eu (3), Nd (4), and La (5)) were synthesized in good yields by the reactions of Ln[N(TMS)(2)](3) with 1.8 equiv of HL in hexane at room temperature. It was found that the stability of 1-5 depends greatly on the size of the lanthanide metals with the increasing trend of Yb ≈ Y < Nd < La. The amine elimination of Ln[N(TMS)(2)](3) with the bulky bidentate Schiff base HL' (L' = 3,5-Bu(t)(2)-2-(O)-C(6)H(2)CH═N-2,6-Pr(i)(2)-C(6)H(3)) afforded the monoamido lanthanide complexes L'(2)LnN(TMS)(2) (Ln = Yb (9), Y (10), Nd (11), and La (12)). While the amine elimination with the less bulky Schiff base HL' (L' = 3,5-Bu(t)(2)-2-(O)-C(6)H(2)CH═N-2,6-Me(2)-C(6)H(3)) yielded the desired monoamido complexes with the small metals of Y and Yb, L'(2)LnN(TMS)(2) (Ln = Yb (13) and Y (14)), and the more stable tris-Schiff base complexes with the large metals of La and Nd, yielded L'(3)Ln as the only product. Complexes 1-14 were fully characterized including X-ray crystal structural analysis. Complexes 1-5, 10, and 14 can serve as the efficient catalysts for addition of amines to carbodiimides, and the catalytic activity is greatly affected by the lanthanide metals with the active sequence of Yb < Y < Eu ≈ Nd ≈ La.  相似文献   

17.
氧化铈独特的氧化还原性能使其适合用作氧化反应中的催化剂或载体.氧化铈负载的过渡金属纳米粒子或孤立的单原子提供了金属-载体界面,从而降低了去除界面氧原子的能耗,提供了可以参与ManVanKulvian氧化过程的活性氧物种.CO氧化是测试氧化铈负载催化剂还原性的主要探针反应,并且它常见于在相对低温下消除CO的各种应用中.在过量H2中优先氧化CO(PROX)反应可控制CO浓度达到超低水平,以防止氢氧化电催化剂中毒.催化剂在CO氧化反应中的活性和在PROX反应中对CO和H2的选择性取决于金属物种的种类和分散性、CeO2的结构和化学性质以及催化剂的合成方法.在这篇综述中,我们总结了最近发表的关于CeO2负载的金属纳米粒子和单原子催化CO氧化和PROX反应的相关工作;以及不同的负载金属和同种金属在普通CeO2表面上的反应性.我们还总结了密度泛函理论计算中提出的最可能的反应机理;并且讨论了各种负载型金属在PROX反应中影响CO氧化选择性的因素.  相似文献   

18.
以Beta分子筛为核、Y型分子筛为壳层的多级孔复合分子筛(BFZ)作为甲醇脱水催化剂用于固定床中合成气一步法制备二甲醚,并与纯Y型分子筛进行了比较,研究了二甲醚合成催化反应活性与甲醇脱水催化剂孔道结构和酸性之间的关系.结果表明,复合分子筛HBFZ具有中等强度的酸性和中孔孔道结构,有利于提高合成气制备二甲醚的催化反应活性.二甲醚直接合成催化剂由工业CuO/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂(CZA)与分子筛(HBFZ、HY)采用机械混合方法制备;催化评价结果显示,CZA/HBFZ比CZA/HY具有更优的催化活性和稳定性.在250 ℃, 5.0 MPa 和 1 500 h-1的反应条件下,CZA/HBFZ催化剂上CO的转化率和DME的选择性分别达到94.2%和67.9%.  相似文献   

19.
The effects of CeO2 contents and silica carrier porosity with their pore diameters ranging from 5.2 nm to 12.5 nm of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 cata-lysts in CO oxidation were investigated.The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption at low temperature,X-ray diffraction (XRD),temperature-programmed reduction by H2 (H2-TPR),oxygen temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The results suggested that,the ceria content and the porosity of SiO2 carrier possessed great impacts on the structures and catalytic performances of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts.When appropriate content of CeO2 (Ce content 8 wt%) was added,the catalytic activity was greatly enhanced.In the catalyst supported on silica carrier with larger pore diameter,higher dispersion of CuO was observed,better agglomeration-resistant capacity was displayed and more lattice oxygen could be found,thus the CuO-CeO2 supported on Si-1 showed higher catalytic activity for low-temperature CO oxidation.  相似文献   

20.
The effects of CeO2 contents and silica carder porosity with their pore diameters ranging from 5.2 nm to 12.5 nm of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts in CO oxidation were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption at low temperature, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction by H2 (H2-TPR), oxygen temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results suggested that, the ceria content and the porosity of SiO2 carder possessed great impacts on the structures and catalytic performances of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts. When appropriate content of CeO2(Ce content ≤8 wt%) was added, the catalytic activity was greatly enhanced. In the catalyst supported on silica carrier with larger pore diameter, higher dispersion of CuO was observed, better agglomeration-resistant capacity was displayed and more lattice oxygen could be found, thus the CuO-CeO2 supported on Si-1 showed higher catalytic activity for low-temperature CO oxidation.  相似文献   

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