ICP—MS法直接测定冰芯样品中的超痕量镉

采用ICP－MS法对冰芯样品中超痕量Cd的直接测定进行了研究。确定了直接测定浓度为pg/mL级的Cd的最佳参数、载气流速、进样速度等与灵敏度之间的关系以及浓度和扫描参数对分析精度的影响。本方法对浓度5－200pg/mL Cd的分析,RSD＜10％,回收率在88％－105％之间,检测限为0．15pg/mL。     

螺旋藻中铅镉的ICP-MS测定

采用微波消解、高压罐消化以及HNO3 HClO4消化3种方法对螺旋藻样品进行处理,比较了不同方法产生的空白值和加标回收率。建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定螺旋藻样品中的铅镉的方法。铅镉检出限分别为0.06ng mL和0.05ng mL,RSD均小于3%,加标回收率在98%～101%之间。方法用于实际样品分析。     

ICP-MS测定农产品样品中6种痕量元素

建立了ICP-MS测定分析果蔬类、大米等农产品样品中痕量元素的方法。样品通过HNO3-H2O2混酸体系微波消解,以Rh作为内标溶液消除基体干扰,在仪器最佳条件下测定植物样中镉、铅、铬、铜、镍、锌六种痕量元素。结果表明：检出限为0.002～0.5ug/g ;相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.84% ~7.35% 。利用所建立的方法测定了大米(GBW10010)、小麦(GBW10011)、芹菜(GBW10048)、大葱(GBW10049)4种标准物质,分析结果均在参考值范围内。方法简单、快速、准确,适用于批量样品中多元素的同时测定。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料吸附ICP-MS测定地球化学样品中的痕量金

探讨了聚氨酯泡沫塑料的预处理,样品浓度,水洗条件,基体元素对金吸附率的影响。结果表明,用泡沫塑料吸附含金量为5ng-500μg的溶液,吸附率均在90%以上。影响聚氨酯泡沫塑料吸附率的重要条件是振荡前要用水充分浸透,水洗基体元素,矿渣宜在酸性环境下进行。铁、钛等离子可以提高吸附率,钠,钙,锌,矿渣等影响不显著,铝离子有微弱的拟制作用。ICP-MS的灵敏度与介质的雾化率有一定的相关性,应当使用硫脲介质的工作溶液作为工作曲线,内标元素可用103Rh或185Re,但是对于高W样品,只能使用103Rh。用金矿石国家标准物质做精密度与准确度验证,测定值与标准值无显著差异,标准偏差（RSD）均小于10%,精密度能满足地球化学样品中的痕量金的分析要求。     

ICP-MS/MS直接测定高纯Eu_2O_3中超痕量的铥、砷、硅

运用三重串联电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS/MS)仪直接测定高纯Eu_2O_3中超痕量的Tm,As和Si。采用H_2的原位质量法和O_2质量转移法,有效克服了基体对待测元素的干扰。通过优化仪器参数得到Tm,As和Si的背景等效浓度分别为0.0005763,0.08435,8.268μg·L~(-1)。在选定条件下,样品加标回收率为95.74%~103.82%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.22%~4.38%。本方法简单实用,能够满足纯度99.999%以上的高纯Eu_2O_3中杂质元素的快速测定。     

塞曼效应无火焰原子吸收法直接测定化探样品中痕量镉

地球化学样品中痕量镉(0.0Xppm)不经分离富集直接用无火焰原子吸收法测定是困难的。现有文献多采用分离富集后才能测定,或加入基体改进剂,我们曾在此基础上进行试验与探讨,但基体干扰仍未能消除。我们发现,用硫脲-EDTA盐-磷酸二氢铵作为基体改进剂,能消除基体干扰且提高了镉的原子化效率,无需分离富集可直接测定地球化探样品中痕量镉。用拟定的方法测定地球化学标准样中镉的结果与可用值相符,本法灵敏,快速、能满     

流动注射离子交换预浓集火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定人尿中痕量镉

应用高效的流动注射在线离子交换预浓集火焰原子吸收光谱测定系统直接测定了人尿中痕量镉。选择２００μＬ锥形离子交换柱，内装多孔玻璃固定化的８－羟基喹啉离子交换剂，在ｐＨ９条件下样品流速为３．５ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ，４０ｓ装样，用２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ洗脱，在分析速度为６０样／ｈ，获得３０倍的富集倍率。检出限为０．３μｇ／Ｌ。镉含量水平为４０μｇ／Ｌ的尿样，连续测定１１次的相对标准偏差为１．５％。尿标准参考物...?     

微波消解ICP-MS快速测定生物样品中的多种元素

建立了微波辅助HNO3消解样品,ICP-MS快速测定生物样品中Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ge、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Ag、Cd、I、Ba、Hg、Tl、Pb、Bi共21种微量及痕量元素。通过在线加入内标来校正基体效应和信号漂移对测量所造成的影响。各元素线性相关系数在0.9990以上,RSD小于6.0%。用本方法对国家标准样品GBW07601a(头发),GBW10010(大米),GBW10016(茶叶),GBW10023(紫菜)进行分析,结果满意。方法能满足生物样品痕量分析的要求。     

电热原子吸收法直接测定牛奶样中痕量的铅和镉

采用石墨炉原子吸收法，直接测定了牛奶与奶粉中痕量Pb与Cd．发现食品加工过程中荐在着重金属的污染．     

王水提取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中微量银、镉、铋

样品用水浴加热、王水提取预处理,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定了土壤、水系沉积物及岩石等地质样品中的痕量Ag、Cd和Bi。在样品预处理阶段,主要干扰元素Zr和Nb只有少量被溶出,而分析元素Ag、Cd和Bi的溶出趋于完全,这样在样品预处理阶段就完成了分析元素与干扰元素的有效分离,减小了多原子离子93Nb16O ,92Zr16OH ,92Mo16OH 对109Ag的干扰和95Mo16O ,94Zr16OH ,94Mo16OH 对111Cd的干扰。方法对实际样品的检出限(10σ,DF=300)Ag,Cd和Bi的质量分数分别为5.1,4.3和10.5ng/g。对不同含量样品7次测定的RSD为8.7%~1.8%。用该方法对土壤、水系沉积物及岩石等国家一级标准物质进行分析,分析数据均在标准推荐值的允许误差范围内。     

镉基体分离及纯镉中杂质成分的ICP-MS法测定

研究了用阴离子交换树脂分离纯镉中铜、锌、铅、铁的条件，所得优化分离条件为：717型阴离子交换树脂柱，样品溶液为2mol/L HCl溶液；三段淋洗液依次为2mol/L HCl溶液、0．2mol/L HBr 0．25mol/L HNO3的混合酸溶液及3mol/L HNO3溶液。经ICP-MS测定证明，95％以上的镉得到分离，95％以上的铜、锌、铅、铁可以分离测定，有效地降低了ICP-MS测定纯镉中铜、锌、铅、铁时镉基体的干扰。     

TNA负载聚氨酯泡塑富集ICP-MS测定地球化学样品中痕量金、铂、钯

研究提出了负载聚氨酯泡沫塑料富集ICP—MS测定地球化学样品中的金、铂、钯的方法,研究了样品经灼烧、王水溶样后,负载泡沫塑料吸附条件、干扰的消除、仪器的最佳化、内标元素的选择等。在本工作的实验条件下获得的方法检出限分别为Au：0．12ng／g,Pt：0．10ng／g,Pd：0．08ng／g。本法测定了国家一级地球化学标准物质中的痕量Au,Pt,Pd,测定值与标准值相吻合。     

ICP-MS法测定电子级高纯硝酸中的金属杂质

用ICP-MS的不同状态（标准状态、冷等离子体技术、碰撞池技术）直接测定电子级高纯硝酸中的34个痕量金属杂质,用铟作内标可补偿基体效应,方法检出限为0.1-70ng/L,加标回收费率为90%-110%,相对标准偏差为4.0%,样品测定结果与ICP-AES测定结果基本一致。     

ICP-MS法测定金属镝中的非稀土杂质

用ICP-MS法对高纯金属镝中10种非稀土杂质Al、Fe、Ni、Ti、Co、Cd、Mn、Pb、Cu、Ba、Mg的测定进行了研究。估算了元素的测定下限；研究了酸度影响；并进行了不同方法的结果对照实验；采用In作内标，方法的加标回收率在80.5%-110.2%之间，相对标准偏差低于12%。     

Coprecipitation with calcium hydroxide for determination of iron in fish otoliths by collision cell ICP-MS

A method has been described for the determination of iron from fish otoliths containing high levels of calcium by collision cell technology (CCT) ICP-MS. Iron (Fe) in otolith solutions was quantitatively coprecipitated with small amounts of calcium hydroxide by adding 1.0 M sodium hydroxide solution. The performance of CCT-ICP-MS pressurized with He/H(2) cell gas was investigated on the elimination of Ca-based spectral interferences at m/z 54, 56 and 57. Molecular ion interferences at m/z 54 and 56 were reduced by 2 orders of magnitude. However, the interferences at m/z 57 increased by the same amount in the presence of Ca in solutions owing to the formation of (40)Ca(16) OH(+) through reactions with H(2) in collision cell, indicating that (57)Fe was not suitable for the determination of Fe from otoliths. Results for (56)Fe suffered significantly from interferences of Ca-based molecular ions when the Ca concentration in solution exceeded 100 microg ml(-1), for which matrix-matched calibration was required for accurate determination. CCT with the aid of He/H(2) cell gas proved to be very effective in eliminating the interferences ((40)Ar(14)N(+) and (40)Ca(14)N(+)) at m/z 54. Presence of Ca up to 300 microg ml(-1) had virtually no effect on the ion signals of (54)Fe, which with low background signals, afforded accurate determination of Fe from otoliths by using aqueous external standards.     

稀土化合物中Cl-的ICP-MS测定

研究了用ICP－MS法测定稀土化合物中Cl^-1。对分析线，内标元素和基体浓度进行了合理选择。方法的加标回收率在80％－125％。相对标准偏差在6．24％－14．70％，测定下限为0．005％。     

Cloud point extraction for ultra-trace Cd determination in microwave-digested biological samples by ETAAS

Cloud point extraction (CPE) has been used for the preconcentration of cadmium, after the formation of a complex with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(diethylamino)-phenol (5-Br-PADAP), and further determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) using polyethyleneglicolmono-p-nonyphenylether (PONPE 7.5) as surfactant. The chemical variables that affect the cloud point extraction were optimized. The separation of the two phases was easily accomplished by cooling the mixture in order to make more viscous the surfactant-rich phase. In order to establish the optimum conditions for the determination of Cd by ETAAS, Pd + Mg, Pt, Ir, Rh and Ru were studied as chemical modifiers. The best thermal stabilization was obtained with Pd + Mg, with a maximum pyrolysis temperature of 1100 °C. Under the optimum conditions i.e., pH 9.0, [5-Br-PADAP] = 2.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹, [PONPE 7.5] = 0.02% (w/v), an enhancement factor of 22-fold was reached. The lower limit of detection (LOD) obtained under the optimal conditions was 0.008 μg L⁻¹. The precision for 10 replicate determinations at 0.2 μg L⁻¹ Cd was 3.5% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.). The calibration graph using the preconcentration method was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.9984 at levels close to the detection limit up to at least 1.0 μg L⁻¹. The method was successfully applied to the determination of cadmium in urine samples and in a water standard reference material.     

Direct determination of total carbonate salts in soil samples by continuous-flow piezoelectric detection

Two new methods for the determination of total carbonate salts, as CaCO₃, in soil by continuous-flow piezoelectric (PZ) detection are proposed. Both use a piezoelectric flow cell and a manifold including a dynamic gas extraction device to purge gaseous CO₂ released by the sample solution upon acidification. One of the methods involves monitoring the pressure generated by the CO₂ produced upon addition of hydrochloric acid; in the other, the CO₂ is quantified by using a quartz crystal coated with tetramethylammonium fluoride tetrahydrate (TMAF). The precision of both methods is compared with that of the officially endorsed method. The proposed methods allow calcium carbonate amounts over the ranges 10-100 mg and 2-15 mg, respectively, to be determined. Both were applied to the determination of CaCO₃ in soil samples. The standard deviation and throughput achieved were 2.7% and 30 samples per hour, respectively, with the pressure-based method; and 6.0% and six samples per hour, respectively, with the mass-based method.     

纯铜、纯镍中磷的ICP-MS法测定

试验了31 P的ICP MS法的测定条件 ,建立了纯铜、纯镍中微量磷的测定方法。采用基体匹配消除基体影响 ,方法检出限为 0 .5 4ng/mL ,测定下限为质量分数 5 .4× 1 0 - 4 % ,回收率为 93.5 %～ 1 0 2 %。对于w(P) <1× 1 0 - 3%和w(P)≥1× 1 0 - 3%的试样 ,其RSD(n =5 )分别为 1 5 %和 6.1 %。本法与光度法分析结果一致 ,较光度法快速、简便