Refined energy inequality with application to well-posedness for the fourth order nonlinear Schrödinger type equation on torus

We consider the time local and global well-posedness for the fourth order nonlinear Schrödinger type equation (4NLS) on the torus. The nonlinear term of (4NLS) contains the derivatives of unknown function and this prevents us to apply the classical energy method. To overcome this difficulty, we introduce the modified energy and derive an a priori estimate for the solution to (4NLS).     

Exactly Solvable Model for Nonlinear Pulse Propagation in Optical Fibers

The nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation is a fundamental model for the nonlinear propagation of light pulses in optical fibers. We consider an integrable generalization of the NLS equation, which was first derived by means of bi-Hamiltonian methods in [ 1 ]. The purpose of the present paper is threefold: (a) We show how this generalized NLS equation arises as a model for nonlinear pulse propagation in monomode optical fibers when certain higher-order nonlinear effects are taken into account; (b) We show that the equation is equivalent, up to a simple change of variables, to the first negative member of the integrable hierarchy associated with the derivative NLS equation; (c) We analyze traveling-wave solutions.     

本刊英文版Vol.32(2016),No.5论文摘要（英文）

正Long Time Dynamics of the 3D Radial NLS with the Combined Terms Gui Xiang XU Jian Wei Yang Abstract In this paper,we study the scattering and blow-up dichotomy result of the radial solution to nonlinear Schr(o|¨)dinger equation(NLS)with the combined terms iu_t+△u=-|u|~4u+|u|~(p-1)u,1+4/3p5in energy space H~1(R~3).The threshold energy is the energy of the ground state W of the focusing,energy critical NLS,which means that the subcritical perturbation does not affect the determination of threshold,but affects the scattering and blow-up dichotomy result with     

Abundant soliton structures of (2+1)-dimensional NLS equation

In this paper, we study the possible localized coherent solutions of a (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. Using a Bäcklund transformation and the variable separation approach, we find that there exist much more abundant localized structures for the (2+1)-dimensional NLS equation because of the entrance of an arbitrary function of the seed solution. Some special types of the dromion solutions, breathers, instantons and dromion solutions with oscillated tails are discussed by selecting the arbitrary functions appropriately. The dromion solutions can be driven by some sets of straight-line and curved line ghost solitons. The breathers may breath both in amplitudes and in shapes.     

Initial value problems for a system of nonlinear equations on a half-line

The paper deals with initial value problems for the system of nonlinear equations on a half-line where ₁, ₁ are real constant connections.The first problem for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) is obtained from the system (A) when . In this case, the boundary problem associated with this NLS does not have a discrete spectrum, and the solution of the NLS is uniquely found from the given initial condition. Further, we show two remarkable classes of matrix potentials, in which the inverse scattering problem associated with system (A) can be solved exactly. In the case where the given scattering data for (A) consist of only two simple poles, the exact soliton solution of system (A) is presented. This happens if and only if the time evolution of the scattering data for (A) obeys some time evolution equations. In this case, the initial value problem for the NLS which is obtained from (A) when is solved exactly.     

Multi solitary waves for a fourth order nonlinear Schrödinger type equation

In this article we prove the existence of multi solitary waves of a fourth order Schrödinger equation (4NLS) which describes the motion of the vortex filament. These solutions behave at large time as sum of stable Hasimoto solitons. It is obtained by solving the system backward in time around a sequence of approximate multi solitary waves and showing convergence to a solution with the desired property. The new ingredients of the proof are modulation theory, virial identity adapted to 4NLS and energy estimates. Compare to NLS, 4NLS does not preserve Galilean transform which contributes the main difficulty in spectral analysis of the corresponding linearized operator around the Hasimoto solitons.     

A split-step finite difference method for nonparaxial nonlinear Schrödinger equation at critical dimension

The critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) is the model equation for propagation of laser beam in bulk Kerr medium. One of the final stages in the derivation of NLS from the nonlinear Helmholtz equation (NLH) is to apply paraxial approximation. However, there is numerical evidence suggesting nonparaxiality prevents singularity formation in the solutions of NLS. Therefore, it is important to develop numerical methods for solving nonparaxial NLS. Split-step methods are widely used for finding numerical solutions of NLS equation. Nevertheless, these methods cannot be applied to nonparaxial NLS directly. In this study, we extend the applicability of split-step methods to nonparaxial NLS by using Padé approximant operators. In particular, split-step Crank-Nicolson (SSCN) method is used in conjunction with Padé approximants to provide examples of numerical solutions of nonparaxial NLS.     

Statistical Approach to Modulational Instability in Nonlinear Discrete Systems

We use a statistical approach to investigate the modulational instability (Benjamin-Feir instability) in several nonlinear discrete systems: the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation, the Ablowitz-Ladik equation, and the discrete deformable NLS equation. We derive a kinetic equation for the two-point correlation function and use a Wigner-Moyal transformation to write it in a mixed space-wave-number representation. We perform a linear stability analysis of the resulting equation and discuss the obtained integral stability condition using several forms of the initial unperturbed spectrum (Lorentzian and δ-spectrum). We compare the results with the continuum limit (the NLS equation) and with previous results.__________Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 144, No. 1, pp. 56–63, July, 2005.     

Long time dynamics of the 3D radial NLS with the combined terms

In this paper,we study the scattering and blow-up dichotomy result of the radial solution to nonlinear Schrodinger equation(NLS) with the combined terms iu_t+△u=-|u|~4u+|4|~(p-1)u,1+4/3p5 in energy space H~1(R~3).The threshold energy is the energy of the ground state W of the focusing,energy critical NLS,which means that the subcritical perturbation does not affect the determination of threshold,but affects the scattering and blow-up dichotomy result with subcritical threshold energy.This extends algebraic perturbation in a previous work of Miao,Xu and Zhao[Comm.Math.Phys.,318,767-808(2013)]to all mass supercritical,energy subcritical perturbation.     

Numerical study of the transverse stability of the Peregrine solution

We generalize a previously published numerical approach for the one-dimensional (1D) nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation based on a multidomain spectral method on the whole real line in two ways: first, a fully explicit fourth-order method for the time integration, based on a splitting scheme and an implicit Runge-Kutta method for the linear part, is presented. Second, the 1D code is combined with a Fourier spectral method in the transverse variable both for elliptic and hyperbolic NLS equations. As an example we study the transverse stability of the Peregrine solution, an exact solution to the 1D NLS equation and thus a y-independent solution to the 2D NLS. It is shown that the Peregine solution is unstable agains all standard perturbations, and that some perturbations can even lead to a blow-up for the elliptic NLS equation.     

Semiclassical Limit of Focusing NLS for a Family of Square Barrier Initial Data

The small dispersion limit of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) exhibits a rich structure of sharply separated regions exhibiting disparate rapid oscillations at microscopic scales. The non‐self‐adjoint scattering problem and ill‐posed limiting Whitham equations associated to focusing NLS make rigorous asymptotic results difficult. Previous studies have focused on special classes of analytic initial data for which the limiting elliptic Whitham equations are wellposed. In this paper we consider another exactly solvable family of initial data,the family of square barriers,ψ 0(x) = qχ[?L,L] for real amplitudes q. Using Riemann‐Hilbert techniques, we obtain rigorous pointwise asymptotics for the semiclassical limit of focusing NLS globally in space and up to an O(1) maximal time. In particular, we show that the discontinuities in our initial data regularize by the immediate generation of genus‐one oscillations emitted into the support of the initial data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in which the genus structure of the semiclassical asymptotics for focusing NLS have been calculated for nonanalytic initial data. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Multivariate nonlinear least squares: robustness and efficiency of standard versus Beauchamp and Cornell methodologies

Simultaneous estimation in nonlinear multivariate regression contexts is a complex problem in inference. In this paper, we compare the methodology suggested in the literature for an unknown covariance matrix among response components, the methodology by Beauchamp and Cornell (B&C), with the standard nonlinear least squares approach (NLS). In the first part of the paper, we contrast B&C and the standard NLS, pointing out, from the theoretical point of view, how a model specification error could affect the estimation. A comprehensive simulation study is also performed to evaluate the effectiveness of B&C versus standard NLS under both correct and misspecified models. Several alternative models are considered to highlight the consequences of different types of specification error. An application to a real dataset within the context of quantitative marketing is presented.     

A conservative numerical method for the fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation in two dimensions

Science China Mathematics - This paper proposes and analyzes an efficient finite difference scheme for the two-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation involving fractional Laplacian....     

Exact solutions of a two-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation

In the present study, we converted the resulting nonlinear equation for the evolution of weakly nonlinear hydrodynamic disturbances on a static cosmological background with self-focusing in a two-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. Applying the function transformation method, the NLS equation was transformed to an ordinary differential equation, which depended only on one function ξ and can be solved. The general solution of the latter equation in ζ leads to a general solution of NLS equation. A new set of exact solutions for the two-dimensional NLS equation is obtained.     

Justification and failure of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in case of non-trivial quadratic resonances

The nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation can be derived as an amplitude equation describing slow modulations in time and space of an underlying spatially and temporarily oscillating wave packet. The purpose of this paper is to prove estimates, between the formal approximation, obtained via the NLS equation, and true solutions of the original system in case of non-trivial quadratic resonances. It turns out that the approximation property (APP) holds if the approximation is stable in the system for the three-wave interaction (TWI) associated to the resonance. We construct a counterexample showing that the NLS equation can fail to approximate the original system if instability occurs for the approximation in the TWI system. In the unstable case we give some arguments why the validity of the APP can be expected for spatially localized solutions and why it cannot be expected for non-localized solutions. Although, we restrict ourselves to a nonlinear wave equation as original system we believe that the results hold in more general situations, too.     

Nonfocusing Instabilities in Coupled, Integrable Nonlinear Schrödinger pdes

nonfocusing instabilities that exist independently of the well-known modulational instability of the focusing NLS equation. The focusing versus defocusing behavior of scalar NLS fields is a well-known model for the corresponding behavior of pulse transmission in optical fibers in the anomalous (focusing) versus normal (defocusing) dispersion regime [19], [20]. For fibers with birefringence (induced by an asymmetry in the cross section), the scalar NLS fields for two orthogonal polarization modes couple nonlinearly [26]. Experiments by Rothenberg [32], [33] have demonstrated a new type of modulational instability in a birefringent normal dispersion fiber, and he proposes this cross-phase coupling instability as a mechanism for the generation of ultrafast, terahertz optical oscillations. In this paper the nonfocusing plane wave instability in an integrable coupled nonlinear Schr?dinger (CNLS) partial differential equation system is contrasted with the focusing instability from two perspectives: traditional linearized stability analysis and integrable methods based on periodic inverse spectral theory. The latter approach is a crucial first step toward a nonlinear , nonlocal understanding of this new optical instability analogous to that developed for the focusing modulational instability of the sine-Gordon equations by Ercolani, Forest, and McLaughlin [13], [14], [15], [17] and the scalar NLS equation by Tracy, Chen, and Lee [36], [37], Forest and Lee [18], and McLaughlin, Li, and Overman [23], [24]. Received February 9, 1999; accepted June 28, 1999     

Potential flow simulations of Peregrine-type deep water surface gravity wave packets

Applying a higher order spectral method for potential flow we numerically determine the time evolution of non-linear deep water wave packets originating from initial conditions derived from the Peregrine breather solution of the non-linear Schrödinger equation (NLS). The spatio-temporal evolution of the wave packets qualitatively agrees well with what would be expected from lowest order weakly nonlinear estimates (NLS). Some quantitative discrepancies do, however, exist: The maximum wave envelope amplification appears retarded with respect to the NLS predictions. The amplification factor slightly exceeds the factor known from the NLS solution. (© 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Wick型随机非线性Schr(o)dinger方程的白噪声泛函解

本文对变系数非线性Schr(o)dinger方程通过白噪声扰动得到的Wick型随机非线性Schr(o)dinger方程进行了研究,利用Hermite变换和Painlevé展开方法给出了该方程的白燥声泛函解.     

Dynamics of Semi-Discretizations of the Defocusing Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation

It has been demonstrated that the nonlinear Schrödinger(NLS) equation is sensitive to discretizations. In the focusingcase this is due to the homoclinic structure associated withthe NLS equation. In this paper we show that various numericalschemes for the defocusing case are also prone to instabilities,although not as severe as those of the focusing equation. Anintegrable discretization due to Ablowitz and Ladik does notsuffer from the same instabilities. However, it is shown thatit develops a focusing singularity if a threshold conditionis exceeded. Numerical examples illustrating the phenomena pertainingto the defocusing equation are given.     

Effect of inhomogeneity in energy transfer through alpha helical proteins with interspine coupling

The dynamics of homogeneous and inhomogeneous alpha helical proteins with interspine coupling is under investigation in this paper by proposing a suitable model Hamiltonian. For specific choice of parameters, the dynamics of homogeneous alpha helical proteins is found to be governed by a set of completely integrable three coupled derivative nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations (Chen–Lee–Liu equations). The effect of inhomogeneity is understood by performing a perturbation analysis on the resulting perturbed three coupled NLS equation. An equivalent set of integrable discrete three coupled derivative NLS equations is derived through an appropriate generalization of the Lax pair of the original Ablowitz–Ladik lattice and the nature of the energy transfer along the lattice is studied.