超细ZrO_2催化剂的织构和晶相结构对合成甲醇、异丁醇的影响

采用超临界干燥法制备ＺｒＯ２超细催化剂，用于一氧化碳加氢合成甲醇、异丁醇。考察了催化剂的焙烧温度、焙烧时间以及碱金属助剂对合成醇性能的影响，并结合Ｎ２吸附、ＴＥＭ、ＸＲＤ表征，研究催化剂的织构、体相结构与催化活性的关系。发现随着催化剂焙烧温度升高、焙烧时间的延长，ＺｒＯ２由四方晶型（ｔＺｒＯ２）向单斜晶型（ｍＺｒＯ２）转变；浸渍Ｋ２ＣＯ３在焙烧过程中能够稳定ｔＺｒＯ２，浸渍Ｎａ２ＣＯ３则促进四方晶型向单斜晶型的转变。微细颗粒四方晶型的ＺｒＯ２有利于异丁醇的生成。     

稀土助剂对Zr－Mn－K催化剂上甲醇、异丁醇合成的影响

在Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ催化剂中添加稀土氧化物助剂Ｐｒ６Ｏ_（１１）、Ｓｍ_２Ｏ_３可以显著提高合成气合成甲醇、异丁醇的活性，特别是异丁醇的时空产率在４００℃、１０ＭＰａ、５０００~（－１）的反应条件下，由原来的５．９分别增加到１１．５、９．８ｍｌ／ｈ·ｌｃａｔ．。催化剂的ＸＲＤ、ＬＲＳ、ＴＰＲ、ＴＥＭ图和比表面测定结果一致表明，稀土元素可使催化剂晶粒细化、高度分散，稳定了四方相。ＸＰＳ结果表明：ＲＥＯ的加入使表面Ｍｎ富集，且催化剂表面Ｍｎ和Ｋ的比例影响其合成甲醇、异丁醇的活性与选择性。     

合成甲醇,异丁醇锆系催化剂的晶相结构

用ＬＲＳ和ＸＲＤ相结合方法对Ｚｒ－Ｋ和Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ催化剂进行了。考察共沉淀法制备的Ｚｒ－Ｋ、Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ催化剂焙烧温度和Ｋ２Ｏ、ＭｎＯ２含量对其晶相结合的影响。在Ｚｒ－Ｋ催化剂中，ＺｒＯ２以单斜和四方混合晶型存在，在Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ催化剂中，当ＭｎＯ２含量在１７－３０％时，催化剂中仅有高度分散的四方晶型晶型ＺｒＯ２它是合成甲醇、异丁醇的活性相。     

超细ZrO3催化剂的织构和晶相结构对合成甲醇,异丁醇的影响

采用超临界干燥法制备ＺｒＯ２超细催化剂，用于一氧化碳加氢合成甲醇，异丁醇。考察了催化剂的焙烧温度，焙烧时间以及碱金属助剂对合成醇性能的影响，并结合Ｎ２吸附，ＴＥＭ，ＸＲＤ表征，研究催化剂的织构，体相结构与催化活性的关系。发现随着催化剂焙烧温度升高，焙烧时间的延长，ＺｒＯ２由四方晶型向单斜晶型转变；浸渍Ｋ２ＣＯ３在焙烧过程中能够稳定ｔ－ＺｒＯ２，浸渍Ｎａ２ＣＯ３则促进四方晶型向单斜晶型的转变。     

Cu/TiO_2和Cu/ZrO_2催化甲醇脱氢反应的对比研究(英文)

考察了ＴｉＯ_２和ＺｒＯ_２担载的铜基催化剂的结构及其催化甲醇脱氢的反应性能。氮吸附和ＥＸＡＦＳ结果显示,两个催化剂的结构性质以及铜所处的配位环境比较接近。但Ｘ-射线光电子能谱测试结果显示,催化剂Ｃｕ／ＴｉＯ_２中铜周围的电子密度较催化剂Ｃｕ／ＺｉＯ_２中的高。ＴｉＯ_２结果表明,ＴｉＯ_２能够降低与之接触的较大ＣｕＯ的还原温度。催化剂电子结构的不同导致反应性能的差异,在Ｃｕ／ＴｉＯ_２催化剂上甲酸甲酯是主要产物,而Ｃｕ／ＺｒＯ_２催化剂则催化甲醇深度脱氢生成ＣＯ。此外,Ｃｕ／ＺｒＯ_２催化剂失活较Ｃｕ／ＴｉＯ_２催化剂慢得多。     

反应条件对Zr—Mn—K催化剂合成甲醇,异丁醇的影响

用共沉淀法和超临界干燥法分别制备沉淀型Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ催化剂和超细Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ经剂，由合成气合成甲醇、异丁醇。考察了反应条件对两类催化剂合成甲醇、异丁醇的影响。超细催化剂生成异丁醇活性明显高于沉淀催化剂。在４００℃、５０００ｈ＾－１、１０．０ＭＰａ的反应条件下，超细催化剂异丁醇的含量可达１７．３１％，时空产率为１８．２ｍｌ／ｈ．Ｌｃａｔ．，１６ＭＰａ时异丁醇时空产率达３３．９２ｍｌ／ｈ．Ｌｃａｔ。     

锆系催化剂上合成气合成甲醇,异丁醇的研究

沉淀法制备Ｚｒ－Ｋ催化剂，由合成气合成甲醇和异丁醇，异丁醇的重要百分组成在１０ＭＰａ时达１５．１３％、时空产率在１４ＭＰａ时达６．９２ｍｌ／ｈ．Ｌｃａｔ。催化剂的制备条件、制备方法、助剂Ｋ２Ｏ含量以及反应的工艺条件对催化剂的活性、选择性有明显的影响。     

制备方法对超细Cu／ZnO／Al2O3催化剂上CO2＋H2合成甲醇的影响

制备方法对超细Ｃｕ／ＺｎＯ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂上ＣＯ_２＋Ｈ_２合成甲醇的影响张玉龙，王欢，邓景发（复旦大学化学系，上海，２００４３３）关键词超细粒子，合成甲醇，Ｃｕ／ＺｎＯ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂，ＣＯ_２＋Ｈ_２ＣＯ２＋Ｈ２合成甲醇是目前的热门课题［１～...     

稀土助剂对Zr—Mn—K催化剂上甲醇,异丁醇合成的影响

在Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ催化剂中添加稀土氧化物助剂Ｐｒ６Ｏ１１，Ｓｍ２Ｏ３可以显著提高合成气合成甲醇，异丁醇的活性，特别是异丁醇的时空产率在４００℃，１０ＭＰａ，５０００＾－１的反应条件下，由原来的５．９分别增加到１１．５，９．８ｍｌ／ｈ．ｌｃａｔ。     

CO_2在Fe-Zn-M/HY复合催化剂上加氢合成异丁烷的研究(英文)

对ＣＯ_２在Ｆｅ－Ｚｎ－Ｍ（Ｍ＝Ｚｒ,Ａｌ,Ｇａ和Ｃｒ）／ＨＹ复合催化剂上的加氢反应进行了研究。通过对复合催化剂的配比、反应温度以及气体空速的考察,确定了由ＣＯ_２加氢合成异丁烷的最佳反应条件。在对反应机理研究后发现,ＣＯ_２在复合催化剂上的加氢反应是一个混合了甲醇合成和甲醇制汽油（ＭＴＧ）的反应过程,而不是传统的ＦＴ反应过程。实验结果指出,反应中生成的烯烃是产生异丁烷的重要中间产物。在所有的催化剂上,异丁烷的组成在烃类中是最高的。在Ｈ２／ＣＯ２＝３,５ Ｍｐａ, ３０００ｈ~（－１）及３６０℃的反应条件下, ＣＯ_２在Ｆｅ－Ｚｎ－Ｚｒ／ＨＹ复合催化剂上进行加氢反应时,异丁烷在烃类中的选择性高达３８％,异丁烷的时空产率可达３．０ Ｃ－ｍｏｌ％,这是迄今为止我们所知由ＣＯ_２加氢合成异丁烷所得的最好结果。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.