在空心聚苯乙烯微球表面电沉积Au-Cu双壳层

PS/Au/Cu双壳层核壳复合微球是在自制的电沉积装置中首先在空心聚苯乙烯微球模板上电沉积金形成PS/Au微球,然后再电沉积Cu。首先,PS/Au微球保持了较好的球形度,其中沉积层Au粗糙度低,且厚度达到5.6 μm。由于Au和铜有相同的面心立方晶体结构,所以Cu沿着Au的晶体结构在PS/Au表面沉积。微球断面Au-Cu结合非常紧致,Cu的厚度为8.62 μm,Au的厚度为4.04 μm。PS/Au/Cu微球和Au-Cu双壳层的形貌、厚度,成分和粗糙度是通过3D体式显微镜,SEM、EDS和XRD表征,其结果显示PS/Au/Cu微球及双壳层Au-Cu均匀细致,粗糙度低。     

在空心聚苯乙烯微球表面电沉积Au-Cu双壳层（英文）

PS/Au/Cu双壳层核壳复合微球是在自制的电沉积装置中首先在空心聚苯乙烯微球模板上电沉积金形成PS/Au微球,然后再电沉积Cu。首先,PS/Au微球保持了较好的球形度,其中沉积层Au粗糙度低,且厚度达到5.6μm。由于Au和铜有相同的面心立方晶体结构,所以Cu沿着Au的晶体结构在PS/Au表面沉积。微球断面Au-Cu结合非常紧致,Cu的厚度为8.62μm,Au的厚度为4.04μm。PS/Au/Cu微球和Au-Cu双壳层的形貌、厚度,成分和粗糙度是通过3D体式显微镜,SEM、EDS和XRD表征,其结果显示PS/Au/Cu微球及双壳层Au-Cu均匀细致,粗糙度低。     

单分散聚苯乙烯微球的表面皱纹化

首先制备了不同粒径的未交联的单分散聚苯乙烯(PS)微球;而后通过离子溅射技术在PS微球表面沉积了一层均匀光滑的铂(Pt)壳层,得到了PS-Pt核壳结构的复合微球;最后借用溶剂溶胀法诱导微球表面起皱的发生,从而制备了表面带有皱纹微结构形貌的PS微球.系统考察了微球表面Pt层厚度(t)、微球粒径(D)、溶剂组成(即溶胀度)等因素对球面起皱和皱纹形貌的影响,获得了球面皱纹周期与Pt层厚度的指数关系;结合理论分析了其起皱行为,实验结果与理论分析相吻合.此外,将表面起皱与表面等离子体刻蚀技术相结合,实现了表面带有纳米点状凸起与皱纹复合微结构形貌的PS微球的可控制备.     

单分散PS/SiO_2纳米复合微球的制备与表征

采用一种简单和低成本的方法制备单分散SiO2包覆聚苯乙烯(PS)(PS/SiO2)核-壳型纳米复合微球.首先在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)存在下制备了PS纳米微球,然后在NH4OH/乙醇溶液中通过溶胶-凝胶过程在PS微球表面包覆SiO2.PS纳米微球的制备在水介质中进行,无需使用共单体,使用的是常用的过硫酸钾自由基引发剂;包覆处理前不用进行溶剂交换或离心处理.研究了PVP,NH4OH和原硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的用量对PS/SiO2纳米复合微球尺寸和形态的影响.随着PVP用量增加,PS微球变小,因此得到较小的PS/SiO2纳米复合微球;NH4OH用量对SiO2包覆层的厚度没有影响,但对SiO2包覆层的表面形态有影响,随着NH4OH用量增加包覆层表面变得粗糙;随着TEOS溶液用量增加,生成的SiO2增加,其包覆层的厚度增加.     

共聚物核-银壳复合微球的制备及其结构表征

在银氨溶液中利用原位还原的方法制备出共聚物(PS/PMAA)-银核壳微球。共聚物核平均粒径约为260nm, Ag壳层厚度可通过缓慢滴加不同浓度的银氨溶液控制在15-45 nm.利用TEM、TG、XRD、XPS等分析手段对样品的形貌、结构进行了表征。结果表明银氨溶液滴加速度及溶液浓度为控制复合微球形貌的关键因素。复合微球的形成机理可解释为：Ag纳米微晶首先在共聚物表面形成晶核，随后Ag纳米粒子在晶核表面生长并形成不同厚度的Ag壳层。     

核壳结构PS/CeO2复合微球的制备及其在化学机械抛光中的应用

以原位化学沉淀的方法制备了不同粒径、包覆结构PS(核)/CeO2(壳)复合微球,利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、选区电子衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、Fourier转换红外光谱仪、热失重分析仪和ζ电位测定仪等手段对所制备样品的微观结构进行了表征。将所制备的复合微球用做磨料,考察其对二氧化硅介质层的抛光性能,用原子力显微镜观察和测量抛光表面的微观形貌、轮廓曲线和粗糙度。结果表明,所制备的PS/CeO2复合微球具有核壳包覆结构,粒径分别约为140,180和220 nm,PS内核被粒径约为5 nm的CeO2颗粒均匀包覆。AFM结果显示,复合磨料的粒径越小,抛光后表面粗糙度越低;且酸性(pH=3)比碱性(pH=10)抛光浆料具有更好的抛光效果。     

反应介质pH值和前驱体用量对PSt/TiO_2复合微球结构形态及TiO_2空心微球形貌的影响

首先用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)对粒径为360 nm的单分散无皂聚苯乙烯(PSt)乳胶粒进行修饰,得到表面荷正电的PSt种子乳液,然后将其滴加到溶有钛酸正丁酯(TBT)的乙醇与水的混合介质中,通过溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法制备出了核壳结构PSt/TiO2复合微球,系统研究了体系pH和TBT用量对复合微球结构形态的影响.研究表明,酸性条件不利于核壳结构PSt/TiO2复合微球的形成;当体系pH值为7.2时,可得到包覆完整、TiO2壳层厚度均一的PSt/TiO2复合微球,此后随着体系pH值的升高,包覆厚度逐渐提高;当pH值升高到11.0时,壳层厚度达到最大,但出现了包覆层不完整的复合微球.在固定聚合体系pH为8.5,EtOH/H2O质量比为100/6,表面修饰PSt种子乳液用量为0.5 g(固含量为4%)的条件下,随着TBT用量从0.01 g增加到0.16 g,复合微球壳层厚度从约0 nm逐渐增加到60 nm;当TBT用量增加到0.32 g时,壳层厚度迅速降至12nm,微球表面变得粗糙,并出现大量未包覆微粒;此后随着TBT用量的增加,包覆层厚度逐渐减少,未包覆微球逐渐增多.结果显示,当复合微球中TiO2包覆层达到一定厚度时,经煅烧后才能得到形貌完整的TiO2中空微球.     

N掺杂空心TiO2微球的合成与表征

采用无皂乳液聚合合成的聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为模板、氨水/三乙醇胺为催化体系, 通过溶胶-凝胶方法合成了PS/TiO₂(核/壳)复合微球, 然后通过煅烧制备了N掺杂、锐钛型空心TiO₂微球. 在反应体系中三乙醇胺扮演双重角色, 既是TiO₂生成及包覆过程的抑制剂又是空心TiO₂微球的N掺杂剂. 改变氨水、三乙醇胺和钛酸正丁酯用量可控制TiO₂壳的形态和尺寸. 氨水用量增加, PS/TiO₂复合微球的壳表面变得粗糙|三乙醇胺用量增加, 壳表面变得光滑|钛酸正丁酯用量提高导致壳层变厚. 改变三乙醇胺用量可调节空心TiO₂微球中的N掺杂量|N掺杂空心TiO₂微球具有可见光响应和光催化作用.     

取向纳米ZnO/Cu_2O异质结阵列的制备及光电特性

以水热合成法制备的一维取向n型ZnO纳米线阵列为衬底,采用电化学沉积法在其上沉积生长一层p型Cu2O半导体包覆层,制备出了新型ZnO/Cu2O异质结纳米线阵列光敏器件.利用XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS、PL及光响应特性等测试方法对样品的形貌、晶体结构、化学成分及光电特性进行了分析表征.研究了生长条件对ZnO/Cu2O异质结纳米线阵列各种特性的影响.研究发现,适宜的沉积电压和沉积时间是保证ZnO/Cu2O异质结光敏器件具有适宜厚度核壳包覆层及较好光响应特性的关键因素.研究结果为ZnO及Cu2O半导体材料在光敏器件中的应用提供了实验基础.     

制备方法对模板法制备SiO_2中空微球形貌的影响

模板法是制备无机中空微球的重要方法之一.首先通过苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸的无皂乳液聚合法制得表面含羧基、粒径为360nm的单分散聚苯乙烯(PSt)乳胶粒,并以此为模板,分别采用表面改性-前驱体水解法(PHC)和SiO2纳米颗粒层层自组装法(LBL),制备出了不同壳层厚度的PSt/SiO2核壳结构复合微球,然后经500℃煅烧4h,得到SiO2中空微球.利用透射电镜和扫描电镜对微球结构形态进行了表征.研究表明,首先利用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)对PSt模板微球进行表面改性、然后再在乙醇-水混合介质中进行原硅酸乙酯(TEOS)水解与缩合反应的PHC法,是制备PSt/SiO2核壳结构复合微球的简便方法,复合微球经煅烧可制得表面均匀、结构致密、壳层厚度和形貌可控的SiO2中空微球;而LBL法制备PSt/SiO2核壳结构复合微球的工艺复杂,煅烧后所得SiO2中空微球结构疏松,易于破碎.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.