Reaction Dynamics of Mg(3s3p1P1) with H2

We measured the temperature dependence of rotational population distribution of the nascent product MgH(²∑⁺) in the reaction of Mg(3s3p¹P₁) with H₂. The results indicate that the reaction is dominated by an Mg-insertive mechanism, consistent with the isotope effect reported previously. We also presented the vibrational population distribution, and thereby found that two parallel reaction pathways are responsible for the subject reaction following Mg-H₂ collision in a bent configuration. The major one produces MgH in higher rotational levels and comparable v″ = 0 and v″ = 1 populations, while the other minor one produces MgH in low rotational levels and preferentially v″ = 0. By means of a two-dimensional potential energy sur-face(PES) calculation, a deep insight into the reaction pathways has been gained. The resulting PES's information reveals the possibility of a nonadiabatic transition between the excited ¹B₂ PES and the ground PES. The bent intermediate MgH₂ near the surface crossing starts trajectories either smoothly following the dissociation coordinate of Mg-H distance or attractively falling down through a linear HMgH geometry before breaking apart. The former trajectory accounts for the minor reaction pathway to produce MgH, while the latter one responses to the major reaction pathway. The impact of isotope and temperature effects on MgH can also be readily explained with use of the calculated PES's.     

Cl+HD反应产物的极化与态分布

利用准经典轨线理论,在BW2和G3两个势能面上,研究了Cl+HD反应的动力学.计算结果表明,产物的转动取向对势能面及反应体系的质量因子非常敏感.在BW2势能面上,计算的两个产物的转动取向强于在G3势能面上计算的结果,而无论是在BW2势能面上还是在G3势能面上,DCl产物的取向都强于HCl产物的取向.计算结果还表明,在不同的势能面上反应物的转动激发对反应的影响有着显著的不同.在BW2势能面上,反应物的初始转动激发有利于Cl+HD反应的进行;而在G3势能面上,反应物的初始转动激发消弱了反应的反应性.     

BH+2与C2H2反应势能面的量子化学研究

用B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) 密度泛函方法和高级电子相关的CCSD(T)/6-311G(2df,p)偶合簇法研究BH+2与C2H2反应势能面. 结果表明 该势能面上存在(a) H2B+*C2H2, (b) HBCHCH2+, (c) H2BCCH+2和(d) H2*BHCCH+四种异构体, 其中(b)能量最低且在动力学上最稳定, (a), (c)和(d)在动力学上均不稳定; BH+2通过对C2H2的分步亲电加成以及随后的氢迁移和H2消除等反应形成离解产物HBCCH++H2, 该反应不需要活化能且大量放热. 计算结果有助于深入了解BH+2等缺电子硼氢正离子的反应行为.     

Dynamics of the reactions of Mg(3s3p1p1) with H2, HD,and D2: Rotational quantum state distributions of MgH (MgD) products

The initial bimodal distributions of product MgH(ν = 0) rotational states in the reaction of Mg(¹P₁) with H₂ or HD are found to be identical. Similar results were found for MgD (ν = 0) produced from D₂ or HD. From these as well as other recent results, it is proposed that both the predominant “high-N” as well as the minor “low-N” components of the distributions result from insertion of Mg(¹P₁) into the H-H bond, and that there are two different primary modes of decomposition of the isotopic H-Mg-H intermediates.     

基态碱土金属原子Ba（^1S）与ClO2分子反应的从头计算研究

对基态碱金属原子Ｂａ（１Ｓ）与ＣｌＯ２分子的反应进行了量子化学从头计算，讨论并比较了二重态势能面上的两条不同的反应产物通道，结果表明，通道（１）－即生成氯化物的通道在能量上有利，反应的主要产物是ＢａＣｌ和Ｏ２，这与实验结果一致，此外，对少数低激发态产物的生成进行了讨论。     

乙烯基自由基(C2H·3)与羟基自由基(OH·)反应势能面的理论研究

在QCISD（T）/6-311G（2df,p)//B3LYP/6-311G（d,p)水平上对自由基反应C2H3^. OH^.进行了计算，结果表明，经过缔合、多步H转移、CH3转移和离解等复杂过程，最终要得到8种产物（P1-P8），茯中产物P2（H2CCO H2）和P6（CH3CO^. H^.）是主要产物。本文得到的CH2CHOH（1或1‘），CH3CHO（2）和CH3COH（3）之间的过渡态TS1/2，TS1‘/3和TS2/3的能量顺序与Wesdemiotis等的实验推测相反，而与Smith等的计算结果一致。     

Reaction Mechanism and Product Branching Ratios of OH+C2H3F Reaction: A Theoretical Study

Ab initio CCSD(T)/CBS//B3LYP/6-311G(d, p) calculations of the potential energy surface for possible dissociation channels of HOC\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}F, as well as Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) calculations of rate constants, were carried out, in order to predict statistical product branching ratios in dissociation of HOC\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}F at various internal energies. The most favorable reaction pathway leading to the major CH\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}CHO+HF products is as the following: OH+C\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}F\begin{document}$\rightarrow$\end{document}i2\begin{document}$\rightarrow$\end{document}TS14\begin{document}$\rightarrow$\end{document}i6\begin{document}$\rightarrow$\end{document}TS9\begin{document}$\rightarrow$\end{document}i3\begin{document}$\rightarrow$\end{document}TS3\begin{document}$\rightarrow$\end{document}CH\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}CHO+HF, where the rate-determining step is HF elimination from the CO bridging position via TS11, lying above the reactants by 3.8 kcal/mol. The CH\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}O+CH\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}F products can be formed by F atom migration from C\begin{document}$_\beta$\end{document} to C\begin{document}$_\alpha$\end{document} position via TS14, then H migration from O to C\begin{document}$_\alpha$\end{document} position via TS16, and C-C breaking to form the products via TS5, which is 1.8 kcal/mol lower in energy than the reactants, and 4.0 kcal/mol lower than TS11.     

Quasiclassical Trajectory Study of the Reaction of CD4 with O(1D)

Extensive quasiclassical trajectory calculations for the O(¹D)+CD₄ multichannel reaction were carried out on a new global potential energy surface fit by permutationally invariant polynomials. The product branching ratios, translational energy distributions, and angular distributions of OD+CD₃, D+CD₂OD/CD₃O, and D₂+DCOD/D₂CO product channels were calculated and compared with the available experimental results. Good agreement between theory and experiment has been achieved, indicating small isotope effects for the title reaction. The O(¹D)+CD₄ reaction mainly proceeds through the CD₃OD intermediate via the trapped abstraction mechanism, with initial abstraction of the D atom rather than the direct insertion, followed by decomposition of CD₃OD into various products.     

H+HCNO反应势能面的理论研究

在CCSD(T)/6-311G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)+ZPVE水平下, 对反应H＋HCNO进行了研究. 建立了反应势能面, 揭示了该反应的反应机理, 通过H迁移、N—O键或C—N键断裂等多步反应, 得到4种产物, 其中最主要产物为P1(HCN+OH).     

2-(2′-羟基苯基)间氮杂氧茚的旋转异构和质子转移反应

用INDO系列方法对2-(2′-羟基苯基)间氮杂氧茚的旋转异构和质子转移反应进行研究,求得基态和激发态反应的位能面、势垒、过渡态,对有关化合物的吸收和荧光光谱进行了理论指认。计算与实验结果符合较好,并对光化学反应机理和应用前景进行了讨论。     

Influence of Isotope Effects on Product Polarizations of N(2D)+D2, N(2D)+H2 and N(2D)+HD Reactive Systems

To figure out the influence of isotope effect on product polarizations of the N(²D)+D₂ reactive system and its isotope variants, quasi-classical trajectory(QCT) calculation was performed on Ho’s potential energy surface(PES) of ²A″ state. Product polarizations such as product distributions of P(θ_r), P(φ_r) and P(θ_r,φ_r), as well as the generalized polarization-dependent differential cross sections(PDDCSs) were discussed and compared in detail among the four product channels of the title reactions. Both the intermolecular and intramolecular isotope effects were proved to be influential on product polarizations.     

乙烯酮自由基(HCCO·)与氧气(O2)反应势能面的理论研究

在G2(B3LYP/MP2/CC)水平上对反应HCCO+O2进行了计算,得到了反应势能面,提出了3种可能的反应机理:(1)四元环反应机理得到产物P1(HCO+CO2);(2)三元环反应机理得到产物P2(CO+HCO2);(3)O—O键断裂反应机理得到产物P3(O+OCC(O)H)和P4(O+CO+HCO).由反应势能面推测产物P1(HCO+CO2)为主要产物,产物P2(CO+HCO2),P3(O+OCC(O)H)和P4(O+CO+HCO)为次要产物.     

2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸代谢中的水解反应机理

2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)是应用广泛的农用除草剂和植物生长素,在它的代谢过程中,涉及多种化学反应. 本文采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法, 分别研究了它在代谢过程中的三条水解反应途径的机理. 研究结果表明: (I) 2,4-D水解反应有两种模式, C(1)―O键解离的氢转移和C―Cl键解离的氯被取代. (Ⅱ) C―Cl键的解离能垒明显低于C(1)―O键的解离能垒, 即水解速率较快, 反应动力学占优势. 在三条反应途径中, 途径(2)和(3)优先水解C―Cl键, 再水解C(1)―O键. 由于受反应速率的影响, 不同中间体在降解过程中的浓度有明显区别.(III) 对于水解反应,采用导体极化连续模型(CPCM)考虑溶剂化效应,可更合理地阐述水解反应机理.     

NCO自由基与O和N反应的理论研究

采用密度泛函和量子化学从头算方法, 对NCO自由基和O, N原子反应的势能面进行了理论研究, 讨论了主要的反应通道. 这两种自由基反应的机理比较类似, 初始都有两种进攻方式. NCO与O的主反应通道是O原子从N端无势垒加合, 经过一低垒过渡态, 得到稳定产物P1(CO+NO), 而对NCO与N反应得到了一完整反应通道和无垒加合产物.     

Theoretical study of the stereodynamics of the reactions O(D) + H2, D2 and HD

Calculations of the dynamics of the reactions O(¹D) + H₂ → OH + H, O(¹D) + HD → OH + D, O(¹D) + HD → OD + H and O(¹D) + D₂ → OD + D have been performed using the quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method with symplectic integration. The theoretical calculations were carried out on the ground state 1A′ potential energy surfaces (PES) by Dobbyn and Knowles. The distributions of the dihedral angle P(_r), the angle between k and j′, P(θ_r), and the product vibrational state are presented. The results show that the intermediate geometrical structures and lifetimes of the reactive collisions play a vital role in these reactions.     

Potential energy surface of the (H2)2 dimer: an MP2 study

Fifteen structures of the (H₂)₂ dimer have been investigated at the MP2/[4s3p] level. The SCF and MP2 (2nd order Møller-Plesser treatment) interaction energies have been corrected for the basis set superposition error. Only the T-shaped structure has been established as a minimum on the potential energy surface. Two equivalent T-shaped structures are connected by a saddle point with a rhomboid structure.Dedicated to Professor J. Koutecký on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

Ab Initio Study on the Mechanism of Cycloaddition Reaction between Silylene Carbene （H_2Si=C：） and Acetone

The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between singlet silylene carbene and acetone has been investigated with CCSD(T)//MP2/6-31G method. From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that the reaction has two competitive dominant reaction pathways. One consists of two steps: (1) the two reactants (R1, R2) firstly form a four-membered ring intermediate (INT4) through a barrier-free exothermic reaction of 585.9 kJ/mol; (2) Then intermediate (INT4) isomerizes to CH3-transfer product (P4.1) via a transition state (TS4.1) with energy barrier of 5.3 kJ/mol. The other is as follows: on the basis of intermediate (INT4) created between R1 and R2, intermediate (INT4) further reacts with acetone (R2) to form the intermediate (INT5) through a barrier-free exothermic reaction of 166.3 kJ/mol; Then, intermediate (INT5) isomerizes to a silicic bis-heterocyclic product (P5) via a transition state (TS5), for which the barrier is 54.9 kJ/mol. The presented rule of this reaction: the [2+2] cycloaddition effect between the π orbital of silylene carbene and the π orbital of π-bonded compounds leads to the formation of a four-membered ring intermediate (INT4); The unsaturated property of C atom from carbene in the four-membered ring intermediate (INT4) results in the generation of CH3-transfer product (P4.1) and silicic bis-heterocyclic compound (P5).     

Density Functional Theory Study of Mechanism of Cycloaddition Reaction Between Dimethyl-Silylene Carbene and Acetone

The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between singlet dimethyl-silylene carbene and acetone has been investigated with density functional theory, From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that the reaction has two competitive dominant reaction pathways. The presented rule of this reaction: the [2+2] cycloaddition effect between the πorbital of dimethyl-silylene carbene and the π orbital of π-bonded compounds leads to the formation of a twisty four-membered ring intermediate and a planar four-membered ring product; The unsaturated property of C atom from carbene in the planar four-membered ring product,resulting in the generation of CH₃-transfer product and silicic bis-heterocyclic compound.     

Dissection of the Multichannel Reaction O(3P) + C2H2: Differential Cross-Sections and Product Energy Distributions

The O(³P) + C₂H₂ reaction plays an important role in hydrocarbon combustion. It has two primary competing channels: H + HCCO (ketenyl) and CO + CH₂ (triplet methylene). To further understand the microscopic dynamic mechanism of this reaction, we report here a detailed quasi-classical trajectory study of the O(³P) + C₂H₂ reaction on the recently developed full-dimensional potential energy surface (PES). The entrance barrier TS1 is the rate-limiting barrier in the reaction. The translation of reactants can greatly promote reactivity, due to strong coupling with the reaction coordinate at TS1. The O(³P) + C₂H₂ reaction progress through a complex-forming mechanism, in which the intermediate HCCHO lives at least through the duration of a rotational period. The energy redistribution takes place during the creation of the long-lived high vibrationally (and rotationally) excited HCCHO in the reaction. The product energy partitioning of the two channels and CO vibrational distributions agree with experimental data, and the vibrational state distributions of all modes of products present a Boltzmann-like distribution.     

Theoretical Studies on Structures and Stabilities of C4H2+ Isomers

The structures, energies, stabilities and spectroscopies of doublet C₄H₂⁺ cations were explored at the DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d,p), CCSD(T)/6-311+G(2df,2pd)(single-point), and G3B3 levels. Ten minimum isomers including the chainlike, three-member-ring, and four-member-ring structures are interconverted by means of 15 interconversion transition states. The potential energy surface was investigated. At the CCSD(T)/6-311+G(2df,2pd) and G3B3 levels, the global minimum isomer was found to be a linear HCCCCH. The structures of the stable isomer and its relevant transition state are further optimized at the QCISD/6-311G(d,p) level. The bonding nature and structure of isomer HCCCCH were analyzed.