不同SnO2晶体结构的力学性能及电子结构

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的平面波超软赝势法, 用广义梯度近似(GGA)PBE交换相关泛函, 对高压相变产生五种不同SnO2晶体结构的电子结构和力学性质进行了第一性原理计算. 计算结果表明, Pnam型SnO2的形成相对困难, 体模量较大, Pbca和Pnam型SnO2的维氏硬度值相差不明显. 不同晶体结构的带隙存在差异, 导带区域电子分布和弥散程度大于价带区域,局域性差. 五种SnO2晶体结构的价带部分约在-10 - 0 eV和-20 - -15 eV处, 主要贡献来自于O 2p、2s轨道. 光学性质计算表明, Pnam结构对紫外波段光的吸收最明显, 同时给出电子轨道跃迁规律.     

[Co(2,3-tir)(amp)Cl]ZnCl4体系中三个几何经式异构体的 识别

对[Co(2,3-tir)(amp)Cl]ZnCl42,3-tri=N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine;amp=2-(aminomethyl)pyridine)体系进行了合成,分离出四个配合物。用单晶X射线衍射分析了两个结构,用二维核磁共振DQCOSY和NOESY技术联合解板了另一结构。结构解析显示它们为该体系的四个几何经式异构体(meridianisomers)。两个晶体结构都属中心对称的空间群,表明它们都是外消旋的对映体。     

[1.1]meta-Stilbenophanes as calixarene analogs: preparation, crystal structure, and cis-trans photoisomerization

Three isomers of [1.1]meta-stilbenophane were synthesized by the McMurry reaction of diarylmethane dialdehyde and their crystal structures and photochemical properties were investigated. X-ray crystallographic analyses of these isomers revealed that they were assigned to a trans-trans (t-t) form with a 1,3-alternate conformation, a cis-trans (c-t) form with a distorted-cone conformation, and a cis-cis (c-c) form with a 1,2-alternate conformation. A ¹H NMR study indicated that a t-t isomer could be completely transformed into a 35:65 mixture of c-t and c-c isomers by photoirradiation at 254 nm.     

Dihalobenzene Shape Sorting by Nonporous Adaptive Crystals of Perbromoethylated Pillararenes

The separation of dihalobenzene isomers, such as dichlorobenzene isomers and difluorobenzene isomers, has a high practical value in both synthetic chemistry and industrial production. Herein we provide a simple to operate and energy‐efficient adsorptive separation method using nonporous adaptive crystals of perbromoethylated pillar[5]arene ( BrP5 ) and pillar[6]arene ( BrP6 ). BrP6 crystals show a preference towards the ortho isomer of dichlorobenzene in isomer mixtures, but cannot discriminate difluorobenzene isomers. Single‐crystal structures reveal that this selectivity is derived from the stability of the new host–guest crystal structure of BrP6 after uptake of the preferred guest and the binding strength of the host–guest interactions. Furthermore, because of the reversible transition between guest‐free and guest‐loaded structures, BrP6 crystals are recyclable.     

1.1](3,3')-azobenzenophane: novel crystal structure and cis-trans isomerization of distorted azobenzene

[formula: see text] [1.1](3,3')-Azobenzenophane, in which two azobenzenes are cyclically connected by -CH2- chains at the meta positions, has been synthesized. The crystal structures of all isomers have been revealed. This is the first report on the crystal structure of the cis isomer of macrocyclic azobenzenes. The trans,trans isomer was slightly distorted, the trans,cis isomer highly deformed, and the cis,cis isomer unstrained. The thermal stability of cis isomers in solutions are deducible from the crystal structures.     

First Isolations and Structures of cis -Bis(phosphoranido) Complexes

The first cis -bis(phosphoranido) palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes were prepared by the reaction of a lithium phosphoranide, bearing two 8-oxy-1-naphthyl groups with (dmpe)MCl 2 (M; Pd, Pt). The crystal structures of the racemic isomers of the complexes are determined by the X-ray structural analyses.     

Solid‐State Behaviour of the Dichlorobenzenes: Actual,Semi‐Virtual and Virtual Crystallography

The crystal structures of the low‐melting 1,2‐ and 1,3‐dichlorobenzene isomers have been determined by X‐ray analysis and in situ crystallisation techniques. Attempts to predict these structures in advance by force‐field calculations were not successful, although the known crystal structures of two of the three polymorphs of the 1,4‐isomer were successfully `a posteriori' predicted. Calculated lattice energies were supplemented with estimated lattice‐vibrational entropies obtained in the rigid‐body approximation. Energy calculations for actual and virtual crystal structures indicate that the higher melting point of the 1,4‐isomer can be largely attributed to more efficient crystal packing.     

[Co(2,6-diaminomethylpyridine)(2-methylethylenediamine)Cl][ZnCl_4]体系中几何经式异构体的合成、结构解析和稳定性研究

合成了 [Co(bamp)(cmen)Cl]2＋ (bamp=2,6-二甲胺基吡啶; cmen=1,2-二胺基丙烷 )体系的两个经式异构体。利用一维及二维核磁共振 (2D NMR)技术,结合三元胺中吡啶环的磁屏蔽效应,对两个异构体在溶液中的结构进行了解析,对应于 Dowex 50Wx 2柱色层分离的第一色带的阳离子为 m2(cmen的 2位胺基与 Cl处于邻位 );第二色带的阳离子为 m1。由第一色带配合物制备的单晶晶体结构解析也表明其为 m2[ZnCl4]。用量子化学从头计算方法,在赝势基组 RHF/LANL2DZ的水平上研究了该体系两个经式几何异构体的稳定性,结果表明后者较前者稳定,但差别不大,与在合成条件下异构体平衡分布一致。由计算得到的几何优化键参数与晶体结构分析结果能较好地吻合。     

N-氯苯基-2-脱氧-α-D-吡喃核糖亚胺的合成及其晶体结构

在水与甲醇的混合体系中, 2-脱氧-D-核糖与氯代苯胺反应立体选择性地合成了三种N-氯苯基-2-脱氧-α-D-吡喃核糖亚胺(化合物1, 2, 3), 它们的结构经过1H NMR和13C NMR的表征. 将单一构型的N-对氯苯基-2-脱氧-α-D-吡喃核糖亚胺(1)溶于氘代DMSO加入几滴重水, 1H NMR 和13C NMR分析显示1异构化为四种构型的混合物. 培养了化合物1, 2, 3的单晶, 并用X射线衍射法测定了它们的晶体结构. 对晶体结构进行分析, 对反应形成单一构型产物的原因进行了探讨. 并提出了1异构化过程的机理.     

Synthesis and structural analysis of isomeric pyridinophanes and thiacyclophanes

A one-pot synthesis of structurally isomeric tetrathiacyclophanes through four-centre coupling reactions of suitable bromides and thiols is reported. The structures of the isomers were confirmed by spectroscopy and XRD analysis. Single crystal X-ray analysis reveals interestingly shaped molecular structures with large cavities.     

Polymorphism in the 2-(4-morpholinothio) benzothiazole

The existence of two conformational isomers (A and B) with different crystal structures in 2-(4-morpholinothio) benzothiazole is shown. The melting temperatures of the two conformers are 345° and 357° K, respectively. The difference between the values of the melting enthalpies and entropies gives an indication of the two isomers flexibility whose proportion depends on the thermal history of the sample.     

Crystal structures of 2- and 3-cyanopyridine

The crystals of 2- and 3-cyanopyridine isomers have been obtained by a sublimation method. The crystal structures of both isomers have been determined on the basis of low-temperature X-ray single crystal experiments and compared, also in relation to 4-cyanopyridine. In 2-cyanopyridine the nitrogen atom of the CN group, whereas in 3- the N-ring atom, is involved in the shortest intermolecular contact. In both cases, the hydrogen bond type interactions are rather of a weak nature, but they are important for developing of the polymeric chains.     

Synthesis and electronic properties of bis-styryl substituted trimeric aryleneethynylenes. Comparison of cruciforms with iso-cruciforms

Four 1,2-distyryl-4,5-bis(phenylethynyl)benzenes are described. A two step synthesis, a combination of Horner and Sonogashira methods is utilized. The targets and their para isomers were examined by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies as well as by cyclic voltammetry. They show solvatochromic behavior and are easily oxidized if the styryl units carry dialkylamino substitutents. Single crystal structures of three derivatives have been obtained.     

有机硅改性席夫碱聚氨酯型液晶固定相的制备、表征及色谱性能

以对苯二胺、3-氯丙醇和4-羟基苯甲醛为原料,合成对苯二(对苯丙氧基醇)亚胺液晶基元,再与对苯二异氰酸酯和1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)四甲基二硅氧烷反应,合成席夫碱型硅氧烷聚氨酯液晶聚合物。 通过红外光谱法、X射线衍射、热分析、偏光显微镜等技术手段对其结构和性能进行了表征。 结果表明,该物质为席夫碱有机硅聚氨酯液晶聚合物,属于近晶相液晶,液晶区间为103~150 ℃,热分解温度为300 ℃。 用席夫碱型硅氧烷聚氨酯液晶固定相制备填充色谱柱,考察固定液的相对极性及其对取代苯位置异构体的色谱分离性能。 合成的席夫碱型硅氧烷聚氨酯液晶聚合物的液晶温度范围为103~146 ℃,属于强极性固定液(P_x=79),各组分色谱峰的分离度为0.96~3.33。     

Synthesis,characterization, DFT calculations and antimicrobial activity of pentagonal-bipyramidal Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes with 2,6-diacetylpyridine-bis(trimethylammoniumacetohydrazone)

Isothiocyanate complexes of Zn(II) and Cd(II) with the condensation product of 2,6-diacetylpyridine and trimethylammoniumacetohydrazide (Girard’s T reagent) were synthesized, characterized, and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated. The structures of the complexes were determined by elemental analysis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the Zn(II) complex was also determined. Quantum-chemical calculations of the geometry and total energy of isomers of 2,6-diacetylpyridine-bis(trimethylammoniumacetohydrazone) were performed in vacuum and methanol solution, with the aim to explain conformational behavior and E/Z isomerism of this compound. DFT calculations of the molecular structures and the relative stabilities of linkage isomers of the Cd(II) complex showed that the isomer with N–Cd–N coordination of SCN^? is the most stable. Complexes of Zn(II) and Cd(II) exhibited low to moderate activity against the tested microbial strains.     

Reactivity of Organolithium Reagents to 2,3,4,5-Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and Crystal Structures of Addition Products

The conjugate addition reactions of four organolithium reagents to 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (tetracyclone) were investigated to reveal the reactivity of organolithium reagents to tetracyclone. The results show that 1,2-addition products 2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-1-(2-thienyl)-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-ol(1), 1-n-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-ol(2) and 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-ol(3) were synthesized in excellent yields while tetracyclone reacted with 2-thienyllithium, n-butyllithium and phenyllithium, respectively. Interestingly, three 1,2-, 1,4- and 1,6-addition isomers 1-tert-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-ol(4), 4-tert-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-2-cyclopenten-l-one(5) and 2-tert-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-3-cyclopenten-l-one(6), were simultaneously obtained by the conjugate addition reaction of tert-butyllithium with larger steric hindrance to tetracyclone. Compounds 1-6 were characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectra and mass spectra(MS). The crystal and molecular structures of compounds 1, 2 and isomers 5, 6 were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction technique. The results imply that the steric hindrance of tert-butyllithium probably play a key role in controlling the conjugate addition reaction. The conjugate addition mechanism of organolithium reagents to tetracyclone was proposed.     

Simple route to the doubly ortho-palladated azobenzenes: building blocks for organometallic polymers and metallomesogens

A new class of doubly cyclopalladated complexes, {PdCl(dmf)}2(mu-azb) (1) and {PdCl(dmf)}2(mu-aazb) (2), has been prepared in dimethylformamide (dmf) by reaction of azobenzene (azb) and 4-aminoazobenzene (aazb), respectively, with an excess of PdCl2(CH3CN)2 complex. Recrystallization of 1 and 2 in dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) yields complexes {PdCl(dmso)}2(mu-azb) (3) and {PdCl(dmso)}2(mu-aazb) (4), respectively. The crystal structures of 1 and 4 have been determined by X-ray diffraction. All complexes are characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectra and elemental analysis. In both crystal structures, solvent molecules are bound to palladium through oxygen atoms and oriented trans to carbon. In view of greater preference of palladium to nitrogen and sulfur atoms, the experimental structures were rationalized by quantum-chemical calculations and confirmed as the most stable isomers.     

An investigation into the role of chloro-substituents in hydrogen-bonded crystals: The crystal structures of the dichlorophenols

A graphical analysis has been made of hydrogen-bonding patterns and non-bonded interactions in the crystal structures of the six dichlorophenols. This shows that hydrogen bonding is the primary interaction in stabilising all the isomers, and that C?C and Cl?Cl non-bonded interactions are also important in stabilising structures characterised by a short (≈ 4 Ã) axis.     

Regioselective routes to disubstituted dibenzo crown ethers and their complexations

Two isomers of bis(carbomethoxybenzo)-24-crown-8 (cis-BCMB24C8, 1, and trans-BCMB24C8, 2) were synthesized regiospecifically with acceptable to excellent yields. Cyclization in the presence of a template reagent, KPF(6), led to an essentially quantitative yield of the potassium complex of the crown ether 1; the isolated cyclization yield of pure was a remarkable 89%! The methods not only avoid the very difficult separation of the isomers, but also greatly shorten the synthesis time by eliminating syringe pump usage during cyclization. The complexations of the isomeric BCMB24C8 with dibenzylammonium hexafluorophosphate (10) were studied by NMR; association constants (Ka) for 1 and 2 with the dibenzylammonium cation are 190 and 312 M(-1), respectively. The X-ray crystal structures of crown ether and the complexes 1.KPF(6), 2.KPF(6) and pseudorotaxane 2.10 were determined.     

Aldol-Promoted Reaction of R106-Sarcosine: Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Novel R106 Analogs

A unique semisynthetic pathway has been used as a route to novel R106 derivatives. R106-sarcosine, 2, was discovered to be a key intermediate to obtain these derivatives using classical aldol alkylation conditions. Surprisingly, the site of alkylation on 2 was found to be conformationally hindered which yielded both the D and L isomers of R106-1 (aureobasidin A), 1, and other new R106 derivatives. The scope of the alkylation was found to be highly dependent upon the reactivity potential of the electrophile. Semiempirical calculations on R106-1 and 8-(N-methylthrenonine)aureobasidin A, 7, were performed to investigate the thermodynamic stabilities of the D and L isomers. By contrast to stable conformations observed by two X-ray crystal structures of aureobasidins, the calculations indicated that the D isomers were significantly more stable. Furthermore, model semiempirical calculations to probe facial selecitivty were consistent with results obtained experimentally.