Holographic grating based Ebert spectrograph

In this paper we discuss the aberration properties and design procedure of in-plane Ebert spectrograph using conventional as well as holographic diffraction gratings. In both cases the gratings are situated at the well-known √3-position so that the spectrum can be recorded on a flat surface. It has been found that the holographic grating system has better resolution than the conventional grating system. The design parameters of a medium sized holographic grating spectrograph in which a concave spherical mirror is mounted in the off-axis configuration have been specified. The performance of the spectrograph has been evaluated by plotting spot diagram.     

一种成像光谱仪前置物镜的设计

未来的成像光谱仪要求其光学系统在宽视场和宽波段范围内有高的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率。提出了一种无遮栏三反射镜系统的设计方法。所设计的三反射镜消像散系统包括两个非球面凹反射镜和一个凸球面反射镜。系统的视场角可达到5°,并实现了平场、远心光路的设计,可满足大视场高分辨成像光谱仪前置物镜的使用要求。     

Hybrid optical resonator type laser proposed for direct coupling into optical fiber

Combining one stable resonator with a concave mirror and a coupling-hole plane mirror, and another unstable resonator having a concave mirror and a convex mirror, a new hybrid optical resonator type laser has been proposed by overlapping the concave mirror as a common one and fitting the convex mirror exactly to the coupling-hole. Using theABCD law, the so-called g-parameters are first found for beam confinement. Then, based on the eigen-equation, the field distribution on the plano-convex mirror is obtained with the g-parameters above. Knowing this field distribution results in an effective transmittanceG _{e e}. Finally, the ratio of the inner convex to outer plane mirror radii can be determined for an optimum coupling in both the limiting cases of homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened gain media. Some numerical examples will also be given for a CO₂ laser having the proposed hybrid resonator.     

双光栅切换微型平场全息凹面光栅光谱仪

基于CCD的微型平场全息凹面光栅光谱仪,以其简单紧凑的结构和快速高效的工作方式在光谱分析领域获得了广泛的应用。但是,由于受限于色散距离,单纯依靠优化光栅像差很难进一步使光谱分辨率获得大幅提高。提出一种双光栅切换微型平场全息凹面光栅光谱仪的设计方法,用两个使用结构相同的光栅代替传统的单光栅设计,给出一个光谱范围为400～1000nm光谱仪的具体设计,计算显示光谱分辨率最大可提高为原来的2.5倍。通过对光栅衍射效率的计算分析,说明此方法能够显著改善仪器的通光效率。设计制作了原理样机,进行了装调测试,实验结果与理论计算相吻合。     

消像散掠入射平场光栅谱仪及其在等离子体XUV光谱诊断中的应用

研制成一台由柱面反射镜和球面反射镜组成的掠入射前置光学系统和变间距球面光栅组成的掠入射平场光栅谱仪,它不仅有较高的效率和光谱分辨,调整方便,而且还具有在4.4nm～30nm波长范围里同时获得一维空间分辨光谱的能力.用该谱仪成功地获得了线聚焦激光产生的Si,Cu及其它元素的等离子体柱的轴向空间分辨光谱.该谱仪很适合与具有平直接收表面的光电探测器,如软X射线条纹相机等联用以获得时间分辨光谱.     

测量光栅波长中分光计调节过程几个常见问题的解决方法

本文对分光计测量光栅波长的调节过程,包括查找平面镜反射的十字像,调节平行光管主轴和望远镜主轴重合且垂直于仪器主轴,以及判别光栅位于玻璃哪一面几个常见问题,给出了简单解决方法。     

可变入射距离平焦场谱仪的概念设计

 从理论上证明了可变入射距离的平焦场软X射线谱仪设计的可行性。对于标称栅距σ₀＝（1/1200）mm和象差修正项M₂₀＝-20/R, R分别为5649和6000mm的光栅, 对不同的入射距离, 计算出与平焦场相对应的入射角和成象距离, 使一定波长范围内的光谱可以被聚焦在一个平面上，从而提高了变栅距光栅使用的灵活性。同时可通过取消谱仪中入射狭缝, 使谱仪的光通量提高约1个量级。     

Improved performance of complex gain-coupled DFB laser by using tapered grating structure

In this paper, theoretical analysis of antireflection complex gain coupled distributed feedback lasers (CGC-DFB) with tapered grating structure has been presented. Two types of gratings, convex and concave tapered grating with longitudinal variable depth, in active layer have been proposed. Evaluation of flatness parameter variation above threshold condition shows that concave tapered grating improves the stability of CGC-DFB laser against spatial hole burning (SHB) effect. The dependencies of output power, side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) and oscillation wavelength of CGC-DFB laser on convex and concave grating parameters have been studied. Both convex and concave tapered grating CGC-DFB structures have higher output power than conventional CGC-DFB lasers with uniform grating. It is found that, concave tapered grating structure with parameters p ₀?=?15?nm and a ₀?=?0.7 nm has minimum flatness parameter, stable lasing wavelength and flat SMSR profile as a function of current. Theoretical calculation model is based on the numerical solution of coupled wave equations and carrier rate equation by using transfer matrix method. In numerical calculation SHB effect has been assumed.     

平焦场光栅光谱仪

 介绍了用于X光能谱测量研究的平焦场凹面光栅光谱仪的原理、结构及象差校正的设计方法。利用2 400L/mm的变栅距光栅设计和建立了一台平焦场光栅光谱仪，其测谱范围为1.5～10nm。通过在星光装置上利用该谱仪测量C10H16O6等离子体的发射谱线，对谱仪进行了实验考核，表明该谱仪分辨率达到0.02nm。并成功应用于辐射加热等离子体的吸收谱测量研究中。     

凹(平)面衍射光栅稳定共振腔的近似分析

本文从自洽的费涅耳衍射积分方程出发,利用费涅耳数近似趋于无穷,计算了凹(平)面锯齿形和截端锯齿形衍射光栅稳定共振腔的共振模特性。结果指出:当光栅槽很浅,满足光栅自准直条件,在一定的角度范围内,腔内的场振幅分布近似与光栅的闪耀角无关。垂直于光栅槽方向(x方向)的场分布由m阶厄米-高斯函数和微扰项(m+1阶和m-1阶厄米-高斯函数)表示。微扰项随光栅倾角的增大而增大。当微扰项可以忽略不计时,倾斜的光栅可以和垂直于光轴、曲率半径为Γ₁cos³θ(x方向)和Γ₁cosθ(y方向,平行于栅槽方向)的长条凹镜等效。文中给出了栅、镜面上的场分布、稳定性条件、频谱分布及输出场特性。 关键词：     

Precise Vibrational Analysis of B-X System of BiI

The bands of the B-X system of BiI have been photographed in the second order of a 35 ft concave grating spectrograph (with a dispersion of 0.33 Åing;/mm and resolution 2 × 180,000). A precise vibrational analysis of this system has been carried out and the vibrational constants WeYe and WeZe for the upper and lower states have been evaluated for the first time.     

Rotation Structure in the Ultraviolet Bands of SnF

Rotation structure of (0,0) bands of the (C-X)_3/2 and (G-X)_3/2 systems of SnF molecule has been photographed in the third order of a 10.6 meter concave grating spectrograph. The rotation constants, as determined from the analysis, have been reported to be:-     

4～120 nm波段的单色仪光束线设计

合肥国家同步辐射实验（ＮＳＲＬ）在表面物理光束线中应用了新的简单平面光栅单色仪作为分光仪器。它采用平面光栅和球面镜我学成像系统,波长选择由光栅绕其中心轴转动和球面绕一镜面外的轴转动完成,单色仪在４－１２０ｎｍ光谱范围内具有高的光学传输效率、高的光谱分辨率。     

自动聚焦激光诱导击穿光谱远程测量系统

激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术具有非接触测量、无需样品预处理以及快速多元素同时分析等特点,适合于高温、高压、真空、有毒以及敌对环境等仪器和操作人员无法靠近观测对象的应用中。LIBS技术结合望远镜系统可以实现物质成分的远距离检测与分析。搭建了一套可自动聚焦的LIBS远程测量系统。该系统中的望远镜采用Schwarzschild结构,由一块凹球面反射镜和一块凸球面反射镜组成。两块球面反射镜共轴安装。其中凸面反射镜安装在电控精密平移台上,电动平移台可带动凸面反射镜沿光轴移动。通过调整凸面反射镜的位置,改变凸面反射镜和凹面反射镜的间距,进而改变系统的焦距,实现对不同距离的样品进行光谱测量。该结构的优点在于：激光聚焦光路与信号光采集光路相同,便于安装和调试;望远镜系统采用全反射式光路,适用于紫外波段检测;只包括两个球面反射镜,结构紧凑,元件容易加工。望远镜系统调焦距离为1.5～3.6 m,聚焦光斑直径约为0.5~1.0 mm。使用该系统对铜样品进行了LIBS实验,确认了Cu元素的特征谱线。通过测量Cu元素的LIBS特征谱线(Cu Ⅰ 223.01 nm, Cu Ⅰ 224.43 nm)峰面积和反射镜间距之间关系,得到了激光的最优聚焦位置。实验结果表明,该系统能够完成样品的远程激发和LIBS光谱测量,并能够对不同距离的样品进行自动聚焦。     

Aberration theory of plane‐symmetric grating systems

Aberration theory of plane‐symmetric optical systems of mirror and grating has been developed based on the wavefront aberration method. A toroidal reference wavefront surface is used to define the wavefront aberration. Based on the ray geometry, the coordinate mapping relationships of the ray between the optical element and the incident and aberrated wavefronts are derived using a polynomial‐fit method; this enables the resultant coefficients of the wavefront and the transverse aberration to be kept to the fourth‐order accuracy of the aperture‐ray coordinates. By setting up the transfer equations of the field and aperture rays, the contribution to wavefront aberrations from each mirror and grating can be added to make the aberration calculation of multi‐element systems feasible. The theory is validated by the analytic formulae of the spot diagram.     

大功率高亮度固体激光腔的选择

 分析了大功率激光器可供选择的几种腔型的动力稳定区。并对最近报道的两种固体激光腔型进行了评价，指出了存在的问题，提出采用小曲率半径的凹面镜和一凸面镜构成谐振腔是设计大功率高亮度固体激光器的较好方案。     

软X射线全息平焦场光栅的条纹弯曲现象及其对光谱分辨率的影响

软X射线平焦场光栅光谱仪是等离子体诊断的重要仪器,其核心光学元件全息平焦场光栅通常采用非球面波记录光路制作,因此光栅条纹存在弯曲的现象.光栅条纹的弯曲会影响光谱成像质量,从而影响系统的光谱分辨率.记录光路的优化,只保证光栅子午面的线密度分布,因此优化的记录光路并不是惟一的,所以在保证子午面的线密度分布的同时能制作具有不同弯曲程度条纹的光栅.针对应用于0.8—6 nm的全息平焦场光栅,利用光线追迹方法分析了不同弯曲程度条纹光栅的光谱成像,发现采用柱面反射镜制作的接近于直条纹的光栅具有较好的光谱成像质量.相对于弯曲条纹的光栅,接近于直条纹的光栅理论光谱分辨率有明显的提高,入射波长为3 nm时,光谱分辨率从626提升到953,入射波长为5 nm时,光谱分辨率从635提高到1222.     

混合集成微型光纤光谱仪的设计模拟及实验

提出了一种混合集成微型光纤光谱仪。该系统采用一种全息凹面光栅作为分光成像元件，以线阵CMOS图像传感器作为探测元件，实现400～800nm波长范围内的光谱检测。整个系统的光学元件少、光能传输效率高、结构简单紧凑、体积小。通过结构与参量的优化设计、计算机模拟和初步试验表明这是一种较为理想的微型光谱仪。     

一种小型光谱色彩分析仪的设计

为解决目前颜色测量仪器测速慢、体积大的问题，采用先进的颜色测量方法——光电摄谱法，建立了一个测色的数学模型，设计了一种全自动测色的小型光谱色彩分析仪。仪 器由照明系统、光电摄谱仪、信号采集与处理电路、测色软件四部分组成。详细阐述了照明系统和光电摄谱仪的设计。光电摄谱仪采用平场凹面光栅分光，线阵CCD接收，缩小了仪 器体积。利用此仪器测量7块标准色板，色品坐标测量不确定度小于0.01，测试周期为1秒。结果表明，此仪器不仅精度高，还满足了工业生产中对测色的速度和准确度要求。     

带超环面镜的掠入射光栅谱仪测试系统响应特性模拟分析

指出了文献[1]在物理概念上和公式推导中的错误,并在订正了这些错误之后,考虑了实际的激光等离子体光源的几何尺度和线状等离子体的安排,对在复合泵浦X激光增益实验中所使用的带超环面镜X光中继元件的掠入射光栅光谱仪系统进行了全面的模拟计算.结果表明,作者所使用的带超环面镜的X光增益测试系统,其因离焦而导致的非线性效应是完全可以忽略的,系统的空间分辨能力的下降也是非常小的,从而否定了文献[1]中的结论,表明作者在X激光增益测量实验中所使用的带超环面镜X光中继元件的掠入射光栅光谱仪系统是完全可靠的.