典型的三聚氰胺致幼儿肾结石红外光谱分析

从云南省第一人民医院得到经过医学证实的典型三聚氰胺肾结石,将2 mg肾结石与200 mg KBr一同放入玛瑙研钵中研碎,进行压片。用Perkin-Elemer公司生产的spectrum 100光谱仪得到了该结石的红外光谱。吸收峰在4 000～2 000 cm-1之间有3 487,3 325, 3 162, 2 788 cm-1,在1 700～1 000 cm-1之间有1 694,1 555,1 383,1 340,1 189,1 122 cm-1,在1 000～400 cm-1之间有993,782,748,709,624,585,565,476 cm-1。结石的红外光谱经过与文献报道的饲喂含氰尿酸、三聚氰胺宠物饲料后猫的肾结石的红外光谱图及普通人肾结石的红外光谱图对比,相差很大,说明该患儿结石与宠物结石及普通人肾结石的成分相同的可能性不大;分别与三聚氰胺与尿酸的红外光谱图对比,各有50%的相似性; 将三聚氰胺、尿酸按1∶1混合后,红外光谱出现的峰在4 000～2 000 cm-1 之间有3 469,3 419,3 333,3 132,3 026,2 827 cm-1, 在1 700～1 000 cm-1之间有1 696, 1 656, 1 555, 1 489, 1 439, 1 350, 1 311, 1 198, 1 124, 1 028 cm-1, 在1 000～400 cm-1之间有993,878,814,784,745,708,619,577,475 cm-1,将其与结石的红外光谱对比,发现两张图谱有83.3%的相似性,由此得出典型三聚氰胺尿结石的主要成分为三聚氰胺和尿酸。     

杨木和桉木的二维相关红外光谱

采用红外光谱结合二维相关分析技术,对两种速生阔叶树杨木和桉木进行了快速鉴别研究。结果表明,二者在一维红外光谱图上差别不明显,而二维相关红外谱图具有较大的差别。在800～1 500 cm-1波段范围内,二者的同步二维相关光谱图还比较类似,都在1 221,954,879 cm-1处出现较强的自动峰,在1 470, 1 150,1 1 05, 1 008 cm-1处出现微弱的自动峰。在1 500～1 800 cm-1波段范围内,杨木在1 655 cm-1处有一个非常强的自动峰,在1 600 cm-1附近有一个很弱的自动峰,二者形成了一对正的交叉峰;桉木在1 725,1 650和1 600 cm-1处均出现较强的自动峰,并形成一个较强的3×3峰组。除此之外,桉木还在1 580和1 510 cm-1出现2个弱的自动峰,其中1 580 cm-1和其余4个自动峰形成了较弱的负交叉峰,1 510 cm-1和其他3个自动峰形成正的交叉峰。这说明,桉木在1 500～1 800 cm-1波段对应的官能团比杨木相应的官能团对热微扰更为敏感,杨木和桉木的二维相关红外光谱差别,快速鉴别这两种木材的。     

不同晶体取向下纳米压痕的多尺度模拟

采用准连续介质多尺度方法模拟面心立方金属铝单晶薄膜的纳米压痕变形过程.对薄膜分别采用三种不同的晶体取向(分别为x［1 1 1］,y［1 1 0］,z［1 1 2］; x［1 1 2］,y［1 1 1］,z［1 1 0］;x［1 1 0］,y［0 0 1］,x［1 1 0］),得到载荷-位移响应曲线.加载过程中,对晶体内部变形比较剧烈的部分画出原子图,并从微观角度分析产生剧烈变形的原 关键词： 纳米压痕 准连续介质方法 晶体取向 位错成核     

彝药大红袍、鸡根红外光谱的快速、无损分析

采用傅里叶变换衰减反射红外光谱法(ATR-FTIR)对2种彝药药材进行了快速无损的红外光谱测定。鸡根的主要特征峰是1 726,1 641 cm-1(宽峰), 1505 cm-1(小峰),1 379 cm-1附近为四指小峰,1 244 cm-1(小尖峰),在920～1 200 cm-1有1个阶梯峰C(最强峰);大红袍的特征峰是1 605 cm-1(次强, 单峰), 1 512 cm-1(小峰),1 438 cm-1(小尖峰),1 044 cm-1(最强,单峰)。实验发现2类块根类药材光谱有一共同点,即由C—O—C振动在1 034 cm-1处产生的吸收峰最强,说明彝药块根的红外吸收光谱图主要由碳水化合物木质素、纤维等吸收峰组成。     

黄芩及其提取物红外光谱与二维相关光谱的鉴别

采用二维红外相关技术,对黄芩原药材、饮片及其提取物进行分析研究。在一维红外光谱中,各样本间的谱图十分相似,导数光谱分析发现,经过炮制之后在1 745和1 411 cm-1处吸收峰向高波数位移,1 357 cm-1处吸收峰向低波数位移。二维红外谱图显示的药效组分特征差异明显,生黄芩在1 300～1 800 cm-1波数范围内有4个特征峰,以1 575 cm-1最强;黄芩片的自动峰有3个区域;酒黄芩的自动峰有2个区域。各区域内自动峰均为正相关。不同样品总苷提取物的一维谱图显示, 在1 615, 1 585, 1 450 cm-1(苯环骨架振动)和1 658 cm-1(CO)附近均有特征吸收,二阶导数谱图给出在1 656 cm-1(黄酮的CO)附近有特征峰,推测共有的成分为酚苷类化合物。二维谱图在800～1 800 cm-1波段均体现苯环骨架振动的5个自动峰1 366,1 420,1 508,1 585,1 669 cm-1。可见红外光谱宏观指纹技术可提供大量整体信息,能够较准地把握黄芩的整体质量。可用于研究黄芩药材及饮片特征的相关性。     

用红外光谱法研究麦秸各层面的化学组成

本文以麦秸为例 ,用红外OMNI采样器研究了麦秸各层面红外光谱的差异 ,并进一步研究了麦草表面在不同的处理条件下 ,表面化学成分的变化规律。实验结果表明 :麦秸表面聚积着大量的SiO2 (～ 1 0 70cm- 1 ～ 80 0cm- 1 ) ,麦秸表皮层脂类物质含量高 (νCO =1 733cm- 1 )。麦秸表面的羟基 (～ 330 0cm- 1 )物质很少。麦秸的中层和内层主要是木素 ( 1 731 ,1 65 0 ,1 5 95 ,1 5 0 5 1 ,1 45 5 ,1 42 5 ,1 2 34,1 0 39和 835cm- 1 )和纤维素类物质 ( 335 0 ,2 935 ,2 85 0 ,1 65 0 ,1 45 5 ,1 430 ,1 367,1 31 7,1 1 60 ,1 0 34和 891cm- 1 )。木素的含量由外向里逐渐减少。麦秸表面的SiO2 是人造板制造中麦草不易粘接的主要原因。用热水处理后 ,表面仅有部分简单的碳水化合物和少量脂类物质溶出 ,而用NaOH处理麦草 ,可使表面的脂类物质和SiO2 溶出 ,便于人造板加工。     

石油组分的拉曼位移特征统计分析Ⅱ: 环烷烃和不饱和烃

了解不同类型烃类的拉曼光谱特征有助于更好地利用拉曼光谱技术分析烃类包裹体。主要统计和分析了环烷烃和不饱和烃的典型拉曼位移特征。结果显示,环戊烷和环己烷C-C键最强拉曼峰主要集中在1 440~1 460 cm-1之间,而通过环戊烷和环己烷分别在890和785 cm-1的稳定特征峰可以进行区分。环戊烷随着支链数的增加,其C-C键最强拉曼峰的波数增大至1 460 cm-1。含一个支链的五元环烷烃C-C键最强拉曼峰位于1 445 cm-1,含两个支链的五元环烷烃C-C键最强拉曼峰为1 450 cm-1,含三个及以上支链的五元环烷烃C-C键最强拉曼峰为1 460 cm-1。环己烷随着支链数增加C-H键最强拉曼峰发生红移,C-C键最强拉曼峰主要分布在1 440~1 460 cm-1范围内。含一个支链的环己烷最强拉曼峰组合特征明显,分布在1 445 cm-1±,1 034 cm-1±,2 853 cm-1±和2 934 cm-1±,含两个支链的环己烷C-C键分布在1 440~1 460 cm-1,C-H键的最强拉曼峰为2 926 cm-1±,含三个支链的环己烷具有1 459 cm-1±和2 924 cm-1±的最强拉曼峰组合。烯烃碳碳双键的特征峰为1 641 cm-1±。炔烃特征峰在2 200 cm-1±,而1 445 cm-1±,2 908 cm-1±和2 933 cm-1±三个强峰可作为辅助识别标志。这些特征可以用于识别烃类包裹体中的环烷烃和不饱和烃。     

食用菌的傅里叶变换红外光谱鉴别

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)研究了担子菌木耳目、非褶菌目和伞菌目6个科9个属的10种食用菌的子实体。将光谱分为5个区S1区(3 050～2 800 cm-1),S2区(1 750～1 500 cm-1),S3区(1 500～1 200 cm-1),S4区(1 200～950 cm-1),S5区(950～700 cm-1);在5个区中,强峰出现在S4区的1 080 cm-1附近和1 040 cm-1(1 020 cm-1)附近,以及S2区的1 640 cm-1附近,1 640 cm-1附近的峰为酰胺Ⅰ振动峰,前两峰为糖类振动峰。根据5个区光谱峰值和吸收强度比,可以鉴别不同的食用菌。700～950 cm-1范围有可能作为区分不同属蘑菇间的指纹区。     

落叶松树皮活性物质提取及红外光谱分析

采用一维红外光谱法并结合二阶导数红外光谱法以及二维相关光谱分析技术对超声波辅助提取的落叶松树皮活性物质进行了无损快速对比分析研究。发现落叶松树皮活性物质中的主要成分是(＋)-儿茶素、(-)-表儿茶素为结构单元,且以4-8位连接的二聚原花青素,没食子酸以及vitisinol为代表的一系列聚多酚化合物;二阶导数光谱中落叶松树皮原花青素在1 631, 1 517, 1 468 cm-1处吸收峰与原花青素标准品相比,向低波数位移,而1 200和1 062 cm-1处吸收峰则向高波数位移;并且在1 643,1 518,819,780,765 cm-1处的吸收峰越强,(+)-儿茶素含量越高;1 518, 1 469, 1 112, 796 cm-1处的峰强则可以代表(-)-表儿茶素的含量。二维相关红外谱显示落叶松树皮活性物质谱图对角线上出现5个自动峰：1 385, 1 449, 1 505, 1 532, 1 628 cm-1,以1 628 cm-1最强。成功地为深入研究落叶松树皮活性物质结构鉴定提供了一种新的方法。     

三大产地（波罗的海、多米尼加和缅甸）琥珀红外光谱鉴别特征

采用镜面反射法和溴化钾压片透射法对波罗的海、多米尼加和缅甸琥珀进行红外光谱测试,获得了不同产地的红外光谱鉴别特征。经仔细分析认为,尽管不同产地琥珀的红外光谱具有共同特征,但某些吸收峰位置或相对强度仍存在差异。3 000～2 800 cm-1范围内,波罗的海琥珀有两个明显的吸收峰和一个弱肩峰,多米尼加琥珀有两个吸收峰,缅甸琥珀具有三个特征吸收峰;1 740～1 690 cm-1范围内,波罗的海琥珀出现1 732 cm-1附近强吸收峰,多尼米加和缅甸琥珀有两个吸收峰,分别位于1 730和1 695 cm-1附近,但是多米尼加琥珀1 730 cm-1峰强度小于1 695 cm-1,与缅甸琥珀相反;1 300～1 000 cm-1范围内,波罗的海琥珀具有典型的“波罗的海肩峰”及1 163 cm-1附近的强吸收,多米尼加琥珀出现1 240 cm-1附近吸收峰,缅甸琥珀在此范围内的强吸收峰组成“山”字型;波罗的海琥珀R（A_{1 381 cm-1}/A_{1 456 cm-1}）值约为0.9,多米尼加琥珀约0.8,而缅甸为0.7。上述差异可以作为判断琥珀产地的鉴别依据。不同产地琥珀的红外光谱出现差异,可能与其形成年代、植物种源和地质环境不同有关。根据红外光谱中与环外C=C双键有关的吸收峰的存在和强度,推断三个产地的琥珀形成时间由早到晚分别为缅甸、波罗的海、多米尼加。红外光谱在识别琥珀产地方面具有重要的宝石学意义,同时在考古学研究与应用中有潜在意义。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.