利用介质阻挡探针法测量大气压氦等离子体射流电子密度

分别利用电子的漂移速度和等离子体的传播速度计算了大气压下氦等离子体射流的电子密度。     

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The electron densities in the atmospheric pressure helium plasma were calculated by means of electron drift velocity and the jet velocity respectively. The electron velocity and jet velocity can be calculated by means of helium plasma jet current measured by a dielectric probe and plasma discharge current signal measured by voltage probes. The results show that the estimated electron densities of the helium plasma jet calculated from electron drift velocity and the jet velocity are in the order of 10 ¹¹ cm ^-3 and they increase with applied voltage. There is a little fluctuation in the value of the electron density along the jet axis of the plasma. This result is the same as the measured electron density in atmospheric pressure helium non-thermal plasma jet by using a Rogowski coil and a Langmuir probe. This is in one order lower than the electron density measured by microwave antenna.     

Drift motion of domain boundaries in garnet ferrites in an acoustic wave field

The drift motion of a 180° domain boundary in garnet ferrites with two nonequivalent sublattices is studied in an elastic stress field induced by an acoustic wave propagating in the domain boundary plane. The dependences of the drift velocity on the amplitude and polarization of the acoustic wave are obtained, and the drift motion conditions for a strip domain structure are determined.     

Velocity distribution of Brownian particles at the input of a closed detector

The velocity distribution function of passive-tracer particles in a gas flow on a closed boundary of a given spatial region is found for various relations between the regular drift and diffusion. An example of calculation of the velocity probability density on the boundary of a region comprising a source of particles is given.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 86–93, January 2005.     

Current driven magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic nanowires with a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

We study current-induced magnetization dynamics in a long thin ferromagnetic wire with a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). We find a spiral domain wall configuration of the magnetization and obtain an analytical expression for the width of the domain wall as a function of the interaction strengths. Our findings show that above a certain value of DMI a domain wall configuration cannot exist in the wire. Below this value we determine the domain wall dynamics for small currents, and calculate the drift velocity of the domain wall along the wire. We show that the DMI suppresses the minimum value of current required to move the domain wall. Depending on its sign, the DMI increases or decreases the domain wall drift velocity.     

Zur Ausbreitung von Ionenschall-Instabilitäten in schwach ionisierten Plasmen unter Berücksichtigung eines Potentialgradienten

A dispersion relation for the ion-acoustic instability in a dc-discharge is derived. The dc electric field term in the linearized Vlasov-equation is not neglected, and the ion drift velocity is taken into account. Collisions of the electrons and ions with the neutrals are considered on the basis of a Davy-dov-collision term. The influence of the dc field and the ion drift leads to higher values of the spatial growth rates in the low frequency range and a shift of the maximum of the growth rates and the high frequency boundary of the unstable waves toward lower frequencies. The phase velocity diminishes, what is, above all, a result of the consideration of the ion drift velocity.     

Joule heat release during current flow through a nanowire

Joule heat release during current flow through a fine wire connecting two bulk electrodes (two contacts) is considered. The irreversible heat release symmetric in the absence of electron–phonon coupling becomes asymmetric if this coupling is taken into account. The Joule heat release appears larger in that symmetric contact which lies along the carrier drift velocity.     

Längsfeldstärke,Elektronentemperatur, mittlere Neutralgasdichte,Ionenstromdichte auf die Wand und mittlere Entladungsstromdichte in der Freifallsäule bei hohem Ionisationsgrad

On the basis of a foregoing paper new theoretical results for the positive column at low pressure and strong ionization, especially for discharges in noble gas ion lasers, are given. The mean velocity v_n0 of the neutral atoms reemitted from the wall is taken into account. The electric conductivity is calculated for an argon plasma. The formulas connecting the electron temperature, the mean neutral gas density, and the electric field strength are derived. The electron temperature, the axial electric field intensity, the degree of ionization, the axial electron drift velocity, the ion flux to the wall, and the force density causing the main part of gas pumping along the column are calculated as functions of the product of the mean current density and the tube radius, and of v_n0 for argon. The axial drift velocity of the electrons is still smaller than the mean thermal electron velocity for high discharge currents, except at very low gas pressures. In general, the ion flux to the wall is not directly proportional to the discharge current. The factor for the determination of the charged particle density by means of probe measurements at the wall is discussed. The self-magnetic field affects the discharge only at high electron temperature, high degree of ionization, and relatively large tube radius, i.e. at high current density and low gas pressure in not too narrow discharge channels.     

Light-induced drift of ions in a magnetic field

The effect of a magnetic field on the ion drift in a weakly ionized gas under the combined action of the light-induced drift and light pressure is studied theoretically. It is shown that, under the action of light, a component of ion drift velocity transverse to the direction of propagation of radiation may appear in a weakly ionized gas upon the application of an external magnetic field. It is shown that the Lorentz force acting on ions in the magnetic field radically changes the dependence of the ion drift velocity on the radiation frequency detuning. It is predicted that the ion drift velocity component along the direction of radiation must reverse its sign upon an increase in the magnetic field and an anomalous light-induced drift may be observed.     

正对电极结构碳化硅光导开关的电路模型

利用SilvacoTCAD软件,在532 nm激光辐照下,对正对电极结构6H-SiC光导开关（SiC-PCSS）瞬态电流电场的分布及不同光功率下的伏安特性进行了仿真。结果表明:载流子速率在强场下达到饱和,并且电流电场在主要电流区域沿垂直于激光辐照方向均匀分布。提出SiC-PCSS电路模型的建模依据,可以近似条件化简得到PCSS电阻一般表达式的解,建立SiC-PCSS载流子迁移率随电场变化的PSpice模型,分析讨论了外电路参数对SiC-PCSS导通过程的影响。该模型模拟结果与已有实验结果吻合良好。     

周期性应变调控斯格明子在纳米条带中的运动

斯格明子是一种拓扑稳定的手性自旋结构,凭借其在磁性赛道存储器和自旋电子器件方面的巨大应用潜力而受到研究人员的广泛关注.为了使斯格明子能够更好地应用于磁性赛道存储器,研究斯格明子在纳米条带中的运动行为就变得非常重要.本文主要研究了存在周期性应变的纳米条带中铁磁斯格明子和反铁磁斯格明子在电流驱动下的运动行为.研究结果表明:周期性应变使得驱动电流存在一个临界电流密度,只有当电流密度大于临界电流密度时斯格明子才能够在纳米条带中连续移动.临界电流密度随应变振幅的增加而增加,随应变周期的增加而减小.铁磁斯格明子在周期性应变的调制下会产生周期性运动,轨迹为波浪式,其横向速度受到边界的影响,而纵向速度则与应变梯度成正比.反铁磁斯格明子在周期性应变调控下运动方向不变,但其移动速度则剧烈变化.     

Velocity enhancement of slow particles in lattice-gas binary mixture

We study the unidirectional flow of a binary mixture of biased-random walkers on square lattice under a periodic boundary. The lattice-gas mixture consists of two types of walkers which have different biases (drift coefficients). The characteristics of unidirectional flow are clarified numerically. The mean velocity of slow particles in the binary mixture is enhanced higher than that in lattice-gas consisting of only slow particles. The mean velocity of slow particles shows a maximal value at an intermediate density. The dependence of velocity enhancement on both drift coefficient and mixture fraction is shown. Velocity enhancement is intensified with decreasing fraction of slow particles. Also, when the bias is lower, the velocity enhancement is higher.     

Collisionless Drift Waves Ranging from Current‐Driven,Shear‐Modified,and Electron‐Temperature‐Gradient Modes

The specific history of collisionless drift waves is marked by focusing upon current‐driven, shear‐modified, and electron‐temperature‐gradient modes. Studies of current‐driven collisionless drift waves started in 1977 using the Innsbruck Q machine and was continued over 30 years until 2009 with topics such as plasma heating by drift waves in fusion‐oriented confinement and space/astrophysical plasmas. Superposition of perpendicular flow velocity shear on parallel shear intensively modifies the drift wave characteristics through the variation of its azimuthal structure, where the parallel‐shear driven instability is suppressed for strong perpendicular shears, while hybrid‐ion velocity shear cause unexpected stabilization of the parallel‐shear‐modified drift wave. An electron temperature gradient can be formed easily by control of thermionic electron superimposed on ECR plasma, and is found to excite low‐frequency fluctuation in the range of drift waves (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Expansion dynamics of atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet in ambient air

In this work, the expansion dynamics of a helium plasma jet in ambient air is examined. By using a fast imaging technique, the expansion of plasma jet from glass nozzle to air is captured which is in the form of plasma bullet propagating into the air. To understand the plasma bullet travel path from glass nozzle to plasma jet tip a drag force model is used. Moreover, the spatial variation of plasma density along the plasma jet length is estimated using drift velocity, plasma jet current and the cross-sectional area of the plasma jet. It is observed that the slight increase in plasma density is due to the combined effect of reduction of drift velocity, plasma jet current, and jet cross-sectional area. The obtained plasma density from glass nozzle to jet tip is in the range of (0.069-5.96) × 10¹² cm⁻³. The above parameters can be of the essence in biological and industrial applications.     

Current transients in extrinsic photoconductors: comprehensive analytical description of initial response

We revisit the theory of the transients in low-temperature extrinsic photoconductors, with emphasis on the initial fast component response. Application of a photon-generation step launches a traveling zone boundary between part of the device where, in the short term, a quasi-equilibrium has been reached and a part where the carrier concentration is still growing. As the boundary passes, the exponentially slowing growth of carriers is abruptly terminated. The time to reach this quasi-equilibrium depends on the sample length and the carrier drift velocity rather than on the carrier lifetime. We note restricting errors in earlier analyses and produce an improved formula for the subsequent slow fraction of the total current change by including carrier diffusion. Comparison of numerical and analytical results suggests that measurement of the fast or slow fraction of the response can provide a highly accurate measure of the mobility-lifetime (μτ) product. Received: 16 October 2000 / Accepted: 31 October 2000 / Published online: 3 April 2001     

无旋性前进重力波传递在均匀流中的Lagrange解析解与试验验证Ⅰ.理论解析解

对于三维空间等深水中,无旋性自由表面周期性规则前进重力波传递在均匀流中的波流场,依质量守恒取一波长的流体质点的运动位移的波长平均高程,所得其标注参数恰为其在原静止水中的位置下,完全以Lagrange方式的参数控制式,解出此波流场至第三阶的全Lagrange形式解且得到检核验证;其中波流交互作用效应存在于Lagrange流速势中,使得波流场中的压力不受均匀流的影响.而Euler形式解所无法描述的流场特性,包括大于前进波周期的流体质点的运动周期,与其受前进波引起的质量传输速度、它们间的关系、及流体质点对其运动周期平均的高程与成因等,都说明是随流体质点所在的高程向下做指数函数样递减;而流体质点的三维空间螺旋曲线式的运动轨迹与烟线,其随均匀流的流向流速而变化的情况,例如其在均匀流于前进波波向有同向的流速分量时,是受流体质点恰在波谷断面处时的流速大小而变的形式,与其在均匀流于前进波波向有反向的流速分量时,则受流体质点恰在波峰断面处时的流速大小而变的形式,有很大不同的倒反形式甚至以封闭曲线形式呈现.最后,说明波流场变成稳定性运动流场时的特性,并证实其在无流时退化成纯前进波的情况.     

The Relation Between Barrier Structure and Current Uniformity in YBCO Josephson Junctions

Electromagnetic transport measurements were combined with high-resolution electron microscopy observations to study the relation between structure and local critical currents in YBa₂Cu₃O_7–x (YBCO) Josephson junctions. The spatial variation of the critical current J(x) along the length of the boundary for interface engineered Josephson junctions and bicrystal grain boundary Josephson junctions was determined using a phase retrieval algorithm. The current distribution solutions were found to be highly uniform along the length of interface engineered junctions in contrast to solutions for grain boundary junctions. The latter showed significant spatial oscillations in the critical current as well as areas along the boundary that carried no current. Microstructural evaluation of interface engineered junctions fabricated using identical processing parameters to the junctions used for transport measurements suggest that the uniform current distribution is controlled by a highly uniform barrier layer formed between the superconducting electrodes. Microstructural evaluation of grain boundary junctions similar to the junctions used for transport measurements show considerable variations of the grain boundary structure within a single junction.     

Thomson scattering measurements from a current carrying plasma and the determination of local current density in a Tokamak (T.T.F.2)

Measurements of Thomson scattering in a Tokamak with a component of the scattering vector k along the current direction, give scattered spectra with a red or a blue shift according to the direction of the current. Assuming a displaced Maxwellian electron distribution function it has been possible to determine the local electron drift velocity and hence the local current density. An increase in time of current density on axis, followed by a sudden decrease has been observed: this is probably due to the relaxation following a thermal instability.     

Toroidal momentum pinch velocity due to the coriolis drift effect on small scale instabilities in a toroidal plasma

In this Letter, the influence of the "Coriolis drift" on small scale instabilities in toroidal plasmas is shown to generate a toroidal momentum pinch velocity. Such a pinch results because the Coriolis drift generates a coupling between the density and temperature perturbations on the one hand and the perturbed parallel flow velocity on the other. A simple fluid model is used to highlight the physics mechanism and gyro-kinetic calculations are performed to accurately assess the magnitude of the pinch. The derived pinch velocity leads to a radial gradient of the toroidal velocity profile even in the absence of a torque on the plasma and is predicted to generate a peaking of the toroidal velocity profile similar to the peaking of the density profile. Finally, the pinch also affects the interpretation of current experiments.     

Surface plasmon polariton amplification in semiconductor–graphene–dielectric structure

A mechanism of amplification of surface plasmon polaritons due to the transfer of electromagnetic energy from a drift current wave into a far‐infrared surface wave propagating along a semiconductor‐dielectric boundary in waveguide geometry is proposed. A necessary condition of the interaction of these waves is phase matching condition, i. e., when the phase velocity of the surface wave approaches the drift velocity of charge carriers. It is shown that in the spectral region of the surface plasmon polariton slowing‐down its amplification coefficient can reach values substantially exceeding the ohmic loss coefficient of the surface wave in the structure.