Fe-PILC在贫燃条件下催化丙烯选择性还原NO

采用羟基铁离子柱撑Na-Mont制备了铁柱撑黏土催化剂(Fe-PILC),铁物种作为柱撑成分,同时充当活性组分,研究其在贫燃条件下催化丙烯选择性还原NO的特性。通过XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、H_2-TPR、UV-vis、Py-FTIR等方法对催化剂进行物理化学性质表征,进一步研究其反应机理。研究表明,1.0Fe-PILC在450-600℃时NO的转化率超过98%,N_2的选择性可达97%以上,且抗水蒸气和SO_2的能力较强。XRD和N_2吸附-脱附研究表明,Fe-PILC中铁物种柱撑进入Na-Mont层间,使催化剂的比表面积和孔容增大。H_2-TPR研究表明,Fe-PILC在400℃左右还原能力较强,主要体现为Fe~(3+)→Fe~(2+)的还原。UVvis研究表明,Fe-PILC的脱硝活性与铁氧低聚物种FexOy呈正相关。Py-FTIR研究表明,Fe-PILC表面同时含有Lewis酸和Br■nsted酸性位,Lew is酸性位是C_3H_6与NO进行催化反应的主要活性中心。     

催化剂低温NH3选择催化还原NO的研究

研究了碳纳米管担载的五氧化二钒（V₂O₅/CNTs）催化剂上NO低温选择催化还原反应（SCR）。与活性炭载体的催化剂作了对比,结果显示,在负载低含量V₂O₅时碳纳米管较活性炭显示了更好的催化能力,而且在SO₂存在下,催化性能有更大幅度的提高。暂态反应实验显示,V₂O₅/CNTs 催化剂上NO选择催化还原反应遵循Eley Rideal机理,即反应发生于吸附态的NH₃和气相或弱吸附的NO之间。     

Effect of SO2 on the selective catalytic reduction of NO by ammonia

An experimental study has shown that the addition of SO₂ may either hinder or accelerate the selective catalytic reduction of NO by ammonia on oxide catalysts. The nature of the effect of SO₂ depending on its concentration and temperature has been elucidated.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 165–168, March–April, 1993.     

Novel cerium-tungsten mixed oxide catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO(x) with NH3

A novel Ce-W mixed oxide catalyst prepared by homogeneous precipitation method presented nearly 100% NO(x) conversion in a wide temperature range from 250 to 425 °C for the selective catalytic reduction of NO(x) with NH(3) under an extremely high GHSV of 500,000 h(-1).     

Ni-Ti-O混合氧化物的制备、表征及其富氧选择性催化还原NO

采用均匀共沉淀法制备了不同Ni/Ti摩尔比的Ni-Ti-O混合氧化物,考察了它们在富氧条件下丙烯选择性催化还原NO反应中的催化性能,并运用X射线衍射,N₂吸附-脱附、吡啶吸附、程序升温脱附和原位红外光谱对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,Ni/Ti摩尔比为1的催化剂表现出最佳催化活性,430℃时NO_x转化率达68%.该催化剂具有锐钛矿结构,比表面积较高(149m²/g),有利于提高催化活性;其表面Lewis酸性位有利于硝酸盐物种的吸附,而硝酸盐物种是该反应的重要中间体.     

A highly efficient silver niobium alumina catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by n-decane

AgNb/Al(2)O(3) prepared by a nonhydrolytic sol-gel process is a highly efficient catalyst for NO(x) removal through selective catalytic reduction by hydrocarbons (HC-SCR). This result shows that the HC-SCR process remains a challenging method for lean engine DeNO(x).     

Characterization of hydrotreated Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by n-decane

The steam treatment of Cu-ZSM-5 prepared by solid ion exchange involves an important decrease of the NO conversion. Characterization of the solids by NO-TPD, H₂-TPR, ²⁷Al MAS NMR shows that the catalyst deactivation is mainly due to change in copper species rather than the collapse of the zeolite framework.This revised version was published online in December 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

铁铈复合氧化物催化剂SCR脱硝的改性研究

利用共沉淀法制备了铁铈催化剂,考察添加钛、锆、钨和钼对其SCR脱硝的改性规律。结果表明,钨和钼的添加提高了铁铈催化剂高温脱硝性能,却使其低温活性有所降低;钛的添加对铁铈催化剂脱硝性能具有促进作用,尤其提高了其低温活性,并拓宽了其完全转化温度窗口,为最佳改性物。当钛的物质的量比逐渐由0.10增至0.40,铁铈钛催化剂低温脱硝效率先增大后减小,但其高温脱硝效率逐渐增大至100%,钛的最佳物质的量比为0.15。XRD和N₂吸附分析结果表明,钛能优化铁铈催化剂的孔隙结构,增大其比表面积和比孔容,细化其孔径,并与催化剂中铁、铈氧化物形成良好的固溶体,从而提高了铁铈催化剂的SCR脱硝性能。Fe_0.8Ce_0.05Ti_0.15O_z催化剂在150～400℃取得了高于90%的NO_x转化率。     

Investigating effect of pH values on CeSiW catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3

Research on Chemical Intermediates - The effect of different pH values (8, 9, 10 and 11) on the catalytic activity over CeSiW catalysts was investigated for the selective catalytic reduction of NO...     

磷酸对二氧化铈催化剂氨选择性催化还原氮氧化物反应的促进作用(英文)

氮氧化物NO_x(NO和NO_2)对大气的污染日益严重,主要表现为形成酸雨、导致光化学烟雾和产生温室效应等,严重危害人类健康.氨气选择性催化还原(NH_3-SCR)NO_x是目前最有效的固定源NO_x消除技术.工业中常用的催化剂主要是V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2,但其活性组分V_2O_5有毒,且存在氧化能力较强和操作温度窗口过窄等缺点.开发新型环境友好的非钒基NH_3-SCR催化剂体系己成为NO_x催化净化领域的研究热点.CeO_2在稀土市场中占有很大比重且相对廉价,同时还具有优异的氧化-还原及储氧性能,因此开发Ce基SCR脱硝催化剂具有非常好的发展前景.对于NH_3-SCR反应,催化剂必须同时具有酸性位和氧化还原中心.酸性位有利于还原剂NH_3的吸附与活化,而氧化还原中心可以促使氧化剂和还原剂之间发生反应.对于低温SCR催化剂,表面酸性适中即可,氧化还原性能起决定作用;而对于中高温SCR催化剂,不仅要提高其表面酸性以保证足够的NH_3吸附量,同时还要控制其表面氧化性不宜太强,否则在高温段NH_3氧化,N_2选择性下降,NO转化率降低.CeO_2具有一定碱性以及优异的氧化还原性能,因此在高温阶段CeO_2催化剂上易发生NH_3深度氧化,高温NH_3-SCR活性差,温度窗口窄.为了拓宽CeO_2基催化剂的温度窗口,改善其催化性能,有必要调整CeO_2的氧化还原性能和酸碱性能.过渡金属磷酸盐或焦磷酸盐具有特殊的表面酸性和氧化还原性,被广泛应用于多种催化反应.考虑到过渡金属磷酸盐或焦磷酸盐表面同时具有酸性位和氧化还原中心,因而可用于NH_3-SCR反应.最近本课题组通过水热法制备了一种环境友好的Ce-P-O催化剂,该催化剂在较宽的温度范围(300-550℃)内表现出较高的催化NO转化能力,同时具有较强的抗碱和耐硫能力,显示出很好的应用前景.此外,硫酸盐和镍盐修饰能有效改善铈锆固溶体催化剂的NH_3-SCR性能:镍修饰增强了铈锆固溶体的Lewis酸性,有利于提高催化剂的低温活性,而硫酸盐改性提高了催化剂的Bronsted酸性,因此有利于催化剂高温下吸附NH_3,抑制了NH_3的过度氧化.另外,磷酸盐修饰能提高铈锆固溶体催化剂NH_3-SCR反应活性.然而,有关催化剂结构系统表征鲜见报道,催化剂的构效关系阐述不够详细.本文采用浸渍法将不同量的H_3PO_4负载于CeO_2上制备了H_3PO_4修饰的CeO_2催化剂,发现H_3PO_4修饰能显著改善CeO_2催化剂的NH_3-SCR性能.本文对催化剂结构进行了系统表征,详细探讨了H_3PO_4促进作用的原因.NH_3-SCR活性测试显示,H_3PO_4修饰后,催化剂活性显著提高,部分抑制了高温时CeO_2催化剂上NH_3的直接氧化,提高了SCR反应的选择性,从而拓宽了温度窗口.X射线衍射、红外光谱和拉曼光谱表征结果发现,随着H_3PO_4负载量增加,样品中CeO_2相逐渐减少,而新相如CeP_2O_7和Ce(PO_3)_4等逐渐增多,多磷酸根阴离子可能是表面酸性增强的关键因素.NH_3程序升温脱附和吸附吡啶红外光谱结果表明,随着H_3PO_4修饰量的增加,样品的酸强度逐渐增大,Lewis酸性逐渐减弱至消失,而Bronsted酸性逐渐增强.增强的Bronsted酸性可能归因于H_3PO_4修饰后样品表面不断增加的P-OH基团.相对于Lewis酸,Bronsted酸性位氧化能力更弱,可以抑制高温下NH_2(ads)继续脱氢,避免了NH_3深度氧化.程序升温还原测试结果表明,H_3PO_4修饰后,各还原峰向高温偏移,偏移量随H_3PO_4负载量增加而增加.这说明H_3PO_4修饰后CeO_2的氧化还原能力降低,抑制了高温下NH_3的过度氧化.因此,H_3PO_4的修饰使得CeO_2催化剂高温NH_3-SCR活性和N_2选择性大幅提高.综上所述,H_3PO_4-CeO_2样品优异的脱硝催化活性可能归因于H_3PO_4修饰后催化剂酸性,尤其是Bronsted酸性的增强以及氧化还原性的降低.     

酸性质对磷钨酸改性CeO_2上NH_3选择性催化还原NO性能影响

分别制备了磷钨酸、磷酸、偏钨酸铵及磷酸+偏钨酸铵改性的CeO_2催化剂,用于NO的NH3选择性催化还原反应(NH3-SCR),对酸改性的作用进行了研究。结果表明,不同酸改性后的CeO_2催化剂均含有弱酸和中强酸位,但酸量差别明显,依次为:磷钨酸/CeO_2偏钨酸铵/CeO_2磷酸+偏钨酸铵/CeO_2磷酸/CeO_2。由于磷钨酸改性的CeO_2催化剂中P与W之间相互作用,导致磷钨酸/CeO_2催化剂表面弱酸及中强酸含量较多,Ce物种和O物种相对活跃,有利于NH3的吸附、活化和NH3-SCR反应的进行;因此,磷钨酸改性的CeO_2催化剂活性最佳,在225-450℃下NO转化率高于90%。     

On the performance of Fe-Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3: the influence of preparation method

Research on Chemical Intermediates - The selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia (NH3-SCR) in the presence of H2O was studied over a series of Fe-Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts prepared by solid-state...     

铜基铈钴镧复合氧化物催化剂制备及其选择催化还原NO

采用改进的共沉淀法制备铈钴镧复合氧化物(Ce-Co-La-O)载体,等体积浸渍负载活性组分Cu,制得铜基铈钴镧复合氧化物(Cu/Ce-Co-La-O)催化剂。考察该催化剂在富氧条件下对C₃H₆选择性还原NO反应(C₃H₆-SCR)的催化性能,并且利用BET、XRD、H₂-TPR、Py-IR、TG和SEM等方法,研究催化剂结构与性能的关系。实验结果表明,Co能显著增加B(Brφnsted)酸的酸量并有效提高还原能力;La能进一步增加B酸的酸量并明显提高热稳定性;Ce-Co-La-O能够形成固溶体结构,发生良好的相互协同作用。因此,Cu/Ce-Co-La-O催化剂具有良好的低温催化活性和热稳定性,最佳催化活性温度为250 ℃,NO转化率高达81.6%,600 ℃时NO转化率仍可达52.5%。     

Novel ultrasonic-modified MnOx/TiO2 for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia

A novel ultrasonic-modified MnO(x)/TiO(2) catalyst was prepared and compared with two different kinds of MnO(x)/TiO(2) catalysts in the process of low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH(3). The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were studied by using various characterization techniques, such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in situ FT-IR). The ultrasonic-modified process introduced ultrasound in the solution impregnation step of traditional impregnation method for MnO(x)/TiO(2) catalyst preparation. In this study, ultrasonic process significantly improved the dispersion behavior and surface acid property of manganese oxide on TiO(2) as well as the catalytic activity, especially at temperature below 120°C. The NO conversion could reach 90% at 100°C. For the novel ultrasonic-modified catalyst, the combination analysis of XRD and HRTEM confirmed that manganese oxide was in a highly dispersed state and Ti and Mn had strong interaction. Furthermore, in situ FT-IR studies revealed that there were significant amounts of Lewis acidity and high Mn atom concentration on the surface of the novel catalysts.     

Reactivity of surface complexes in the selective catalytic reduction of NO x on supported heteropoly compounds

The reactivity of surface complexes in the selective catalytic reduction of NO _x on supported heteropoly compounds has been investigated by in situ IR spectroscopy. The best performance is shown by CeO₂-supported catalysts. The conversion rate of the intermediate nitrate complexes obeys a zeroth-order equation, like the formation rate of the propylene activation products, namely, surface acetate and formate complexes. The conversion rate of the surface nitrate complexes is determined by the propylene oxidation selectivity, which, in turn, is related to the composition of the heteropoly compound. Among the heteropoly compounds examined, the most appropriate ones are those in which vanadium ions are in both anionic and cationic positions. These pair sites serve to activate propylene, and the activation product reacts efficiently with the nitrate complexes.     

V2O5-CeO2/TiO2催化剂上低温氨选择性催化还原NO的性能

考察了V2O5-CeO2/TiO2催化剂中V、Ce活性组分的担载量和焙烧温度对催化剂低温催化还原NO活性的影响及其在单独SO2、H2O和两者共存气氛下的抗毒化性能。结果表明,焙烧温度400℃下制备的5V30Ce/TiO2催化剂具有良好的低温催化还原NO活性,空速为10000h-1,165℃时NO转化率达99.2%;500℃以下低焙烧温度时,添加的Ce不与V相互作用,在催化剂表面主要以CeO2形式存在,有利于增大催化剂比表面积,增强V2O5在催化剂上的分散度,提高催化活性。而在500℃以上较高焙烧温度下,Ce与V会形成CeVO4,对活性提高不利。催化剂具有良好的低温抗水中毒性能,但受SO2毒化作用明显,其在SO2、H2O共存气氛下中毒程度较单独SO2下浅。     

Li改性MnO_2及LiMn_2O_4催化NH_3-SCR反应性能研究

采用高温固相反应法、Pechini合成方法和柠檬酸配位法,制备了系列锂锰复合氧化物LiMn2O4催化剂,应用于NH3-SCR反应,并与固相反应法合成的MnO2进行了比较。采用N2吸附-脱附、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、H2程序升温还原、NH3程序升温脱附、NO程序升温脱附和X射线光电子能谱对LiMn2O4催化剂进行表征。结果表明,引入Li有利于提高锰基催化剂的SCR活性和抗硫性。Pechini法制备LiMn2O4的NO转化率可在130~260℃达到90%以上;固相反应法制备LiMn2O4的NO转化率大于90%的温度为90~310℃;MnO2的温度窗口则仅为140~280℃。与MnO2相比,引入Li可形成LiMn2O4结构,因此,催化剂中更多的锰离子保持在相对较低的价态Mn3+,并调整表面活性氧含量;同时,Li的存在调变了LiMn2O4表面的酸位,从而减少高温下MnO2表面容易发生的NH3非选择性氧化,改善其催化NH3-SCR反应的温度窗口,也增强了抗硫性。     

Cu-ETS-10催化NH3选择性还原NOx性能

采用离子交换法制备了Cu-ETS-10钛硅分子筛催化剂,该催化剂对于NH₃选择性催化还原（SCR）NO_x反应具有较高的催化活性、N₂选择性和抗SO₂性能.结果表明,Cu-ETS-10钛硅分子筛具有丰富的微孔结构和较高的比表面积（288-380m²/g）;原子发射光谱、程序升温还原技术和原位红外漫反射等表征结果表明,Cu在Cu-ETS-10钛硅分子筛中具有多种存在形态,其中Cu²⁺物种为Cu-ETS-10的活性中心,其含量随Cu含量的增加而先增后降,与催化活性的变化趋势一致.     

In situ ammonia generation as a strategy for catalytic NOx reduction under oxygen rich conditions

Under highly oxygen rich conditions palladium/alumina catalysts exhibit strongly enhanced NOx reduction activity in the presence of CO:H2 mixtures due to in situ generation of ammonia via the formation and subsequent hydrolysis of isocyanate (NCO) species.     

SO2对Co/MOR催化剂上CH4选择催化还原NO反应性能的影响

考察了富氧条件下SO₂存在对丝光沸石负载的钴催化剂（Co/MOR）上甲烷选择催化还原NO的反应性能的影响,并采用NO程序升温脱附(NO-TPD)、X射线衍射(XRD)、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)等技术对反应前后催化剂的NO吸附性能和结构特征进行了表征。结果表明,受SO₂气氛的影响,Co/MOR催化剂上NO转化率在低于550℃时下降较大,但在高于600℃时SO₂的影响不明显,而且这种影响是可逆的。SO₂的存在抑制了NO在催化剂活性位上的吸附,同时在反应过程中促进了CoO物种的生成,导致催化剂活性中心数减少、催化剂活性下降。