钯催化下(Z)-3-碘-3-三氟甲基-1-芳基烯丙醇与末端炔 烃的偶联反应

在Pd(PPh~3)~4/CuI催化下和使用1mol的NEt~3作碱和THF作溶剂,(Z)-3-碘-3-三氟甲基-1-芳基烯丙醇(1)与末端炔烃(3)反应得到正常的偶联产物5。当以NEt~3作碱和溶剂,Pd(PPh~3)~4/CuI催化1与3的交叉偶联反应生成化合物4。4为正常偶联化合物5在NEt~3存在下双键发生重排反应的产物。     

Lithiation of 3-(Acylamino)-2-unsubstituted-, 3-(Acylamino)-2-ethyl-, and 3-(Acylamino)-2-propyl-4(3H)-quinazolinones: Convenient Syntheses of More Complex Quinazolinones(1)

3-(Pivaloylamino)- and 3-(acetylamino)-4(3H)-quinazolinones react with alkyllithium reagents to give 1,2-addition products in very good yields. Lithiation takes place with LDA and is regioselective at position 2. The lithium reagents thus obtained react with a variety of electrophiles to give the corresponding substituted derivatives in very good yields. Reactions of the lithium reagents with iodine give oxidatively dimerized cyclic structures. 3-(Pivaloylamino)- and 3-(acetylamino)-2-ethyl-4(3H)-quinazolinones and 3-(pivaloylamino)- and 3-(acetylamino)-2-propyl-4(3H)-quinazolinones are lithiated at the benzylic position with LDA. The lithium reagents so produced also react with a variety of electrophiles to give the corresponding 2-substituted-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives in very good yields. However, lithiation of 3-(acylamino)-2-(1-methylethyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinones was unsuccessful, as were lithiations of compounds having a diacetylamino group at position 3. The amide groups have been cleaved in good yield under basic or acidic conditions from some of the products to provide access to the free amino compounds.     

Solid-Phase Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)-1, 2-Disubstituted Ethenes from Polymer-Sopported a-Selenoaldehydes

Reaction of polymer-supported a-selenoaldehydes with Grignard reagents afforded polymer-bound B-hydroxyalkyl selenides, which treated with thionyl chloride and triethylamine leading to (E)-1, 2-disubstituted ethenes in good yield.     

Novel Substitution Reactions of 5-(4-Nitrophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl porphyrin with Nucleophilic Reagents

Substitution reactions of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (1)and its Ni(Ⅱ) complexe 2 with different nucleophilic reagents were studied for preparing asymmetric porphyrin. The reaction products are different with the nucleophilic reagents changing. Diporphyrin (3) was obtained when compound 1 reacted with sodium phenoxide or diphenoxide ion in DMF solution. Whereas the nitro group was reduced and 5-(4-amino-phenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrinato Nickel(Ⅱ) (4) was achieved when compound 2 reacted with above nuleophilic reagents in the same condition. The reductive product 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (5) was also achieved when 1 reacted with mercaptoethanol or thiophene and lithium hydroxide. While the nitro group was substituted by cyanide anion and 5-(4-nitrilephenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (6) was achieved when 1 reacted with sodium cyanide.     

An intramolecular ionic hydrogen bond stabilizes a cis amide bond rotamer of a ring-opened rapamycin-degradation product

Rapamycin (1), a macrolide immunosuppressant, undergoes degradation into ring-opened acid products 2 and 3 under physiologically relevant conditions. The unsaturated product (3) was isolated and studied in this work. Unlike 1, which has its amide primarily in a trans conformation in solution, 3 has both cis and trans conformations in approximately a 1:1 ratio in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The amount of cis rotamer was increased dramatically in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine. The detailed NMR results indicate that the cis rotamer is stabilized through an intramolecular ionic hydrogen bond of the carboxylate anion with the tertiary alcohol as part of a nine-membered ring system. This hydrogen bond was characterized further in organic media and the trans-cis rotamer equilibria were used to estimate the relative bond strengths in several solvents. The additional stabilization arising from this ionic hydrogen bond in the cis rotamer was determined to be 1.4 kcal mol(-1) in DMSO-d6, 2.0 kcal mol(-1) in CD3CN and 1.1 kcal mol(-1) in CD3OD.     

One-pot synthesis of 2-（1-acyloxypentyl） benzoic acids

A one-pot synthesis of 2-（1-acyloxypcntyl） benzoic acids by trapping the carboxylatc/alkoxide dianion with acylating reagents following Grignard addition with n-BuMgBr to 2-formylbcnzoic acid was described. Compared with routine synthetic method, this novel procedure has the advantage of convenient operation and higher yields.     

The (SO2)2N3- anion

The recently proposed (SO2)2N3- anion was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction of the [Cs][(SO2)2N3] salt (P2(1)/c, a = 8.945(2) A, b = 10.454(2) A, c = 8.152(2) A, beta = 109.166(3) degrees, Z = 4, and R1 = 0.0329 at 130 K). In the (SO2)2N3- anion, both SO2 ligands are coordinated to one terminal nitrogen atom of the N3- anion.     

Derivatives of 2-(3'-coumarinyl)-1, 3-indandione

The possibility of the direct preparation of 2-(3'-coumarinyl)-1,3-indandione and its derivatives by condensing phthalic and substituted phthalic anhydrides with 3-coumarinylacetic acid in acetic anhydride solution in the presence of triethylamine has been shown. The bromination and hydroxymethylation of 2-(3'coumarinyl)-1,3-indandione and its substituted derivatives have been performed.     

Enantioselective separation of racemic secondary amines on a chiral crown ether-based liquid chromatography stationary phase

The first general enantioselective separation of racemic secondary amines on a crown ether-based liquid chromatography chiral stationary phase (CSP) is presented. The CSP is based on (+)- or (-)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid covalently bonded to silica gel. A mobile phase containing methanol, acetonitrile, triethylamine and acetic acid was employed in these separations of secondary amines with crown ether CSPs. The separation mechanism is believed to be the secondary amine forming a complex which includes crown ether coordination and electrostatic interaction of the positively charged amine with a carboxylate anion of the immobilized crown ether.     

Mechanism of the Pd‐catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of α‐Imino Esters: Decarboxylation via Free Carboxylate Ion

The Pd‐catalyzed decarboxylative allylation of α‐(diphenylmethylene)imino esters ( 1 ) or allyl diphenylglycinate imines ( 2 ) is an efficient method to construct new C(sp³)? C(sp³) bonds. The detailed mechanism of this reaction was studied by theoretical calculations [ONIOM(B3LYP/LANL2DZ+p:PM6)] combined with experimental observations. The overall catalytic cycle was found to consist of three steps: oxidative addition, decarboxylation, and reductive allylation. The oxidative addition of 1 to [(dba)Pd(PPh₃)₂] (dba=dibenzylideneacetone) produces an allylpalladium cation and a carboxylate anion with a low activation barrier of +9.1 kcal mol^?1. The following rate‐determining decarboxylation proceeds via a solvent‐exposed α‐imino carboxylate anion rather than an O‐ligated allylpalladium carboxylate with an activation barrier of +22.7 kcal mol^?1. The 2‐azaallyl anion generated by this decarboxylation attacks the face of the allyl ligand opposite to the Pd center in an outer‐sphere process to produce major product 3 , with a lower activation barrier than that of the minor product 4 . A positive linear Hammett correlation [ρ=1.10 for the PPh₃ ligand] with the observed regioselectivity ( 3 versus 4 ) supports an outer‐sphere pathway for the allylation step. When Pd combined with the bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb) ligand is employed as a catalyst, the decarboxylation still proceeds via the free carboxylate anion without direct assistance of the cationic Pd center. Consistent with experimental observations, electron‐withdrawing substituents on 2 were calculated to have lower activation barriers for decarboxylation and, thus, accelerate the overall reaction rates.     

One-pot synthesis of novel (E)-3-(3,8a-dihydro-2H-oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridin-2-ylidene)chroman-2-one derivatives

An efficient synthetic procedure for the preparation of novel (E)-3-(3,8a-dihydro-2H-oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridin-2-ylidene)chroman-2-one derivatives was developed. A sequential one-pot, two-step tandem reaction starting from 3-(2-bromoacetyl)-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives synthesized, pyridine, and naphthols in the presence of triethylamine proceeded smoothly in acetonitrile under reflux conditions. In this process, 2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)ethyl)pyridinium bromide derivatives as intermediate produced in situ, followed by Michael addition of naphthoxide anion and intramolecular cylization, resulted the corresponding products in good to high yields. All of the compounds were obtained in high purity without any use of more purification.     

内盐式O-2-(N~3-替加氟)乙基-O-(1-芳硫基-3-铵基)异丙基-硒代磷酯缀合物的合成

六乙基亚磷酰三胺依次与羟乙基替加氟、1-芳硫基甘油及硒反应,制备环甘油硒代磷替加氟缀合物(2);2再与三乙胺或三甲胺反应,完成亲核开环合成了内盐式O-2-(N3-替加氟)乙基-O-(1-芳硫基-3-铵基)异丙基-硒代磷酯缀合物.其结构经1H NMR, 31P NMR及元素分析确证.     

An alternative synthesis of 2-(N-arylhydrazono)-1-benzothiophen-3-ones

In the presence of triethylamine, 2-mercaptobenzoic acid readily adds onto acylhydrazonoyl chlorides (1a-c) (precursors of the reactive nitrile imine 1,3-dipolar species) to afford good yields of the corresponding 2-[(2-oxo-1-arylhydrazonopropan-1-yl)mercapto]benzoic acids (2a-c). The latter acyclic adducts, in THF in the presence of 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole, undergo intramolecular cyclization involving the activated carboxy and the enol functionality to deliver the respective 2-(N-arylhydrazono)-3-oxobenzothiophenes (3a-c). In the solid state, the latter compounds adopt the (Z)-geometry around the C=N double bond as evidenced by single crystal X-ray structure determination for 3b.     

Heterocyclic Spiro-naphthalenones. Part II. Synthesis and reactions of some spiro [tetrahydrofuran-2,1′-(2′H-naphthalene)]-2′,5-diones and Spiro [tetrahydrofuran-2,2′-(1′H-naphthalene)]-1′,5-diones

The spiro-lactone 3 was obtained by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) oxidation of the carboxylate 2 at ? 20°. When 2 was oxidized at 10° the spiro-lactone 4 was the main product. Compound 4 was rearranged with triethylamine to the spiro-lactone 9 whereas the stereoisomeric spiro-lactones 14 and 15 were obtained by NBS oxidation of the carboxylate 13 . The ketones 3, 4, 9, 14 and 15 were reduced with NaBH₄ to the corresponding alcohols 5, 6, 10, 16 and 18 respectively; these were hydrogenated to the alcohols 7, 8, 11 and 20 . The allylic alcohols 5 and 6 gave the benzochromanone 1 when heated in polyphosphoric acid whereas the benzochromanones 12 and 21 were obtained from the alcohols 10 and 16 respectively.     

A Novel Fused Phosphorus Heterocycle: 4-(1'''',2'''',3'''',4-Tetrahydro-1, 3, 2-benzodiazaphosphorin-2''''-sulfide)-3, 4b, 4a-thiazphosphaphenanthridine Derivative

Organophosphorus compounds are ubiquitous in nature and they have broad applications in the fields of agriculture and medicine1-4. There has been a considerably growing interest in heterocyclic compounds due to their pharmaceutical importance and extensive application in organic synthesis, and the application of heterocycles is suggested to enhance the biological activity and/or offer other diverse properties5-7. In the previous work8, we have reported that 11-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-6-oxo-3, 4…     

Effect of anionic ion-pairing reagent concentration (1-60 mM) on reversed-phase liquid chromatography elution behaviour of peptides

The homologous series of volatile perfluorinated acids-trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), pentafluoropropionic acid (PFPA) and heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA)--continue to be excellent anionic ion-pairing reagents for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) after more than two decades since their introduction to this field. It was felt that a thorough, step-by-step re-examination of the effects of anionic ion-pairing reagents over a wide concentration range on RP-HPLC peptide elution behaviour is now due, particularly considering the continuing dominance of such reagents for peptide applications. Thus, RP-HPLC was applied over a range of 1-60 mM phosphoric acid, TFA, PFPA and HFBA to two mixtures of 18-residue synthetic peptides containing either the same net positive charge (+4) or varying positive charge (+1, +2, +3, +4). Peptides with the same charge are resolved very similarly independent of the ion-pairing reagent used, although the overall retention times of the peptides increase with increasing hydrophobicity of the anion: phosphate < TFA- < PFPA- < HFBA-. Peptides of differing charge move at differing rates relative to each other depending on concentration of ion-pairing reagents. All four ion-pairing reagents increased peptide retention time with increasing concentration, albeit to different extents, again based on hydrophobicity of the anion, i.e., the more hydrophobic the anion, the greater the increase in peptide retention time at the same reagent concentration. Interestingly, phosphoric acid produced the best separation of the four-peptide mixture (+1 to +4 net charge). In addition, concentrations above 10 mM HFBA produced a reversal of the elution order of the four peptides (+1 < + 2 < + 3 < + 4) compared to the elution order produced by the other three reagents over the entire concentration range (+4 < + 3 < + 2 < + 1).     

Chiral NMR discrimination of secondary amines using (18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid

[reaction: see text] Enantiomeric discrimination is observed in the (1)H NMR spectra of chiral secondary amines in the presence of (R)-(+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid. Secondary amines are protonated by one of the carboxylic acid groups of the crown ether to produce the corresponding ammonium and carboxylate ions. The secondary ammonium ion likely forms two hydrogen bonds to crown ether oxygen atoms and an ion pair with the carboxylate anion.     

O-(1-芳硫基-3-铵基)异丙基-O-2-(N3-替加氟)乙基硫代磷酯的合成及其抗癌活性

六乙基亚磷酰三胺与羟乙基替加氟、1-芳硫基甘油及硫一锅反应得到环甘油硫代磷脂替加氟缀合物(2),三乙胺对2进行亲核开环合成了O-(1-芳硫基-3-铵基)异丙基-O-2-(N3-替加氟)乙基硫代磷酯(3)。2和3的结构经1HNMR,31PNMR和元素分析表征。生物活性测试结果表明,3对膀胱癌细胞PGA1有一定的抑制作用。     

Chemoselective Alkylation of 3- and 4-(5-Amino-4-hetaryl-2,3-dihydro-3-oxopyrrol-1-yl)benzoic Acids

Alkylation of 3- and 4-(5-amino-4-hetaryl-2,3-dihydro-3-oxopyrrol-1-yl)benzoic acids with phenacyl bromides or chloroacetanilides in DMF in the presence of triethylamine occurs at the carboxy group with high selectivity and yields the corresponding phenacyl and arylcarbamoylmethyl esters. The initial pyrrolylbenzoic acids were synthesized by reaction of 3- and 4-aminobenzoic acids with 4-chloro-2-hetaryl-3-oxo-butyronitriles.     

Unexpected Formation of 3-Hydroxy-5,5,6,7,7-pentamethyl-3-phenyl-3,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine from 2-Imino-2-(1,2,2,5,5-pentamethyl-3-oxide-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-phenylethanone

Heating an ethanol solution of 2-imino-2-(1,2,2,5,5-pentamethyl-3-oxide-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-phenylethanone in the presence of triethylamine yielded 3-hydroxy-5,5,6,7,7-pentamethyl-3-phenyl-3,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine, whose structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction.