超声振动系统的纵-弯和扭-弯复合振动

对超声变幅杆以及变幅杆与夹心换能器组成的振动系统的纵-弯和扭-弯复合振动进行了研究.变幅杆是任意变截面杆,弯曲振动分析是基于Timoshenko理论.理论结果进行了实验验证.     

Complex vibration ultrasonic welding systems with large area welding tips

Vibration and welding characteristics of complex vibration ultrasonic welding systems of 27 and 40 kHz were studied. Complex vibration systems, which have elliptical to circular or rectangular to square locus, are effective for ultrasonic welding of various specimens including the same and different metal specimens, and for direct welding of semiconductor tips and packaging of various electronic devices without solder. The complex vibration systems consist of a one-dimensional longitudinal-torsional vibration converter with slitted part, a stepped horn and a longitudinal vibration transducer as a driving source. The complex vibration welding tips of 27 and 40 kHz have enough area of 6-8 mm square for various welding specimens. Aluminum plate specimens of 0.3-1.0 mm thickness were successfully joined with weld strengths almost equal to aluminum specimen strength, and independent to the specimen direction. Required vibration amplitude of 40 kHz is smaller than that of 27 kHz.     

扭转超声振动系统中局部共振的研究

本文从扭转振动波动方程出发，推导出了具有类圆锥过渡段的复合阶梯型扭转变幅杆的频率方程解析表达式。从实验和理论上对该复合变幅杆的谐振频率随杆细端长度和直径的变化进行了测量和计算。通过对比，证明了复合振动系统中局部扭转共振现象的存在，并得到了其产生条件。     

模式转换型超声塑焊振动系统的设计

基于弯曲振动理论和耦合振动理论,设计了一种新型大尺寸筒形超声塑焊振动系统。该振动系统由纵向振动换能器及变幅杆、弯曲振动金属圆盘和耦合振动圆筒四部分组成。换能器和变幅杆的纵向振动驱动圆盘的二次弯曲模式振动,圆盘的二次弯曲模式振动激励圆筒的纵向模式振动,实现了工具头在较高频率下谐振。实验结果表明,振动系统的测试频率与计算频率比较符合,在大信号下测试的纵-弯-纵振动模式转换效果很好。研究结果为高频大尺寸超声焊接系统的设计提供了思路。     

超声复合振动系统中局部共振现象的有限元分析

本文用有限元软件对超声复合振动系统中的局部共振现象进行了仿真计算.通过对仿真结果的分析,验证了“局部共振是耦合振动”的观点.在此基础上,用有限元方法进一步研究了截面直径比、工具杆长度等影响局部共振的因素,总结出了产生局部共振的条件.     

Transverse and torsional complex vibration systems for ultrasonic seam welding of metal plates

Transverse and torsional complex vibration systems for ultrasonic seam welding of metal plate specimens, using a 27 kHz complex vibration disk welding tip vibrating in transverse and torsional vibration modes, were studied. Using a complex vibration welding system with a welding tip vibrating in elliptical or circular locus, thick plate specimens can be welded with a more uniform and larger area compared to a conventional ultrasonic welding system. The disk welding tip vibrates in an elliptical or circular locus. The complex vibration system can continuously weld multiple parts of metal plate specimens such as heat sinks with a large number of fins.     

超声振动对摩擦力的影响

超声振动的应用十分广泛,关于超声振动对摩擦力的影响这个问题,已引起国内外许多学者的注意。本文对其进行了实验和理论研究。在超声振动条件下,以理论计算为基础,通过摩擦实验,得到了几种材料的超声振动摩擦特性,并且对摩擦力在共振时减小的原因进行了初步的理论分析。此外,由实验证明,碳化钨与45#钢组成的摩擦副是用于超声马达的理想材料。     

Influence of ultrasonic vibration on micro-extrusion

Micro-forming is a miniaturization technology with great potential for high productivity. Some technical challenges, however, need to be addressed before micro-forming becomes a commercially viable manufacturing process. These challenges include severe tribological conditions, difficulty in achieving desired tolerances, and short tool-life due to inability of available die materials to withstand the forces exerted on miniature dies and punches. Some of these problems can be mitigated using ultrasonic technology.The principal objectives of this work were to investigate the possibility of applying ultrasonic vibrations in the micro-forming process, to design a set of tooling for ultrasonic micro-extrusion and to observe experimentally how ultrasonic oscillations influences the forming load and the surface finish. The test results showed a significant drop on the forming load when ultrasonic vibrations were imposed, and also a significant improvement in the surface of the micro-formed parts. Based on the preliminary test results, the study demonstrated high potential for using ultrasonic oscillations as a way to overcome the difficulties brought by the miniaturization.     

超声驱动的超声波振动减摩作用研究

借助于动力学原理,对超声驱动中的垂直超声波振动的减摩作用进行了理论研究。将超声电机定子和转子接触区定子表面一点的超声波振动分解成水平振动和垂直振动,并分析了两个方向振动对超声电机驱动作用的影响。提出水平振动产生摩擦驱动力,垂直振动影响水平驱动的效果,将垂直方向超声波振动的作用等效为普通滑动试验中垂直于滑动方向超声波振动的作用,揭示了垂直方向超声波振动是导致超声驱动动摩擦系数降低的原因。试验结果与理论分析定性地一致。     

超声复合振动系统中的“局部共振”现象实验研究

本从实验的角度出发,对超声复合振动系统中细长杆的“局部共振”现象进行了较为精确的测量,主要研究了细杆长度与谐振频率之间的关系,超声振子对“局部共振”的影响,以及“局部共振”中细杆长度对振幅的影响,从而为深入研究“局部共振”现象产生的机理提供了更多的依据。     

Radial vibration and ultrasonic field of a long tubular ultrasonic radiator

The radial vibration of a metal long circular tube is studied analytically and its electro-mechanical equivalent circuit is obtained. Based on the equivalent circuit, the radial resonance frequency equation is derived. The theoretical relationship between the radial resonance frequency and the geometrical dimensions is studied. Finite element method is used to simulate the radial vibration and the radiated ultrasonic field and the results are compared with those from the analytical method. It is concluded that the radial resonance frequency for a solid metal rod is larger than that for a metal tube with the same outer radius. The radial resonance frequencies from the analytical method are in good agreement with those from the numerical method. Based on the acoustic field analysis, it is concluded that the long metal tube with small wall thickness is superior to that with large wall thickness in producing radial vibration and ultrasonic radiation. Therefore, it is expected to be used as an effective radial ultrasonic radiator in ultrasonic sewage treatment, ultrasonic antiscale and descaling and other ultrasonic liquid handling applications.     

The performance and design of ultrasonic vibration system for flexural mode

The matrix method for analyzing flexural vibration system is outlined. The displacement, stress and velocity gain of ultrasonic flexural vibration systems are investigated by transfer matrix method. A design method is given for flexural transducer and vibration system.     

Enhanced vibration performance of ultrasonic block horns

Block horns are tuned components designed to vibrate in a longitudinal mode at a low ultrasonic frequency. Reliable performance of such horns is normally associated with the amplitude of vibration, uniformity of vibration amplitude at the working surface and the avoidance of modal participation by non-tuned modes at the operating frequency. In order to maximise vibration amplitude uniformity, standard slotting configurations are included in the horn design. However, defining a slotted block geometry which guarantees sufficient tuned frequency isolation from nearby modes as well as high amplitude and amplitude uniformity, is not straightforward. This paper discusses horn configurations which satisfy these criteria and investigates the design requirements of block horns which operate as intermediate components in ultrasonic systems, where the block horn dominates the vibration behaviour of the system. The importance of mode shape characterisation is discussed and modes are classified using experimental data from 3D laser Doppler vibrometer measurements and finite element analysis. In particular, the role of additional fine slots and castellations are studied with reference to two distinct ultrasonic applications involving a similar block horn.     

The wire drawing process with axial ultrasonic vibration of the die

The influence of ultrasound on the behaviour of metals drawn through a conical converging die has been analysed by means of an energy method. The effect of the ultrasonic field is considered on the basis of experimental data and used to determine the drawing stress, the coefficient of friction, the viscosity coefficient, the drawing velocity effects, the area reduction and the die geometry. Results obtained by the given formulae used to calculate the drawing stress, are in good agreement with the experimental data. A detailed treatment is given for the drawing of aluminium through vibrated die.     

超声振动切削系统中弯曲振动刀杆的谐振模式

本文运用系统的观点研究了超声振动切削系统中弯曲振动刀杆的谐振模式及与其它子系统谐振频率的关系,发现在一定条件下,处于系统中的刀杆可以按照自身的固有频率谐振,其刀尖振幅足可以满足工程的需要,这样在实际中就允许刀杆存在一定量的设计、制造误差及重磨量,从而带来极大的方便。本文结果也从弯曲振动系统的另一侧面进一步映证了文献[6]结论所具有的普遍性。     

超声波显像管振动清洗机的研制

本文介绍一种无需任何清洗液且有别于常规超声波清洗机理的超声波显像管振动清洗机。从理论上分析说明超声波干振动清洗的机理和方法，阐明各超声参量的选取标准和超声振动系统中应注意的问题。     

Plate-shaped non-contact ultrasonic transporter using flexural vibration

We developed a plate-shaped non-contact transporter based on ultrasonic vibration, exploiting a phenomenon that a plate can be statically levitated at the place where its gravity and the acoustic radiation force are balanced. In the experiment, four piezoelectric zirconate titanate elements were attached to aluminum plates, on which lattice flexural vibration was excited at 22.3 kHz. The vibrating plates were connected to a loading plate via flexible posts that can minimize the influence of the flexure induced by heavy loads. The distribution of the vibration displacement on the plate was predicted through finite-element analysis to find the appropriate positions of the posts. The maximum levitation height of this transporter was 256 μm with no load. When two vibrating plates were connected to a loading plate, the maximum transportable load was 4.0 kgf.     

斜槽式单激励纵扭超声变幅杆设计*

为实现在纵向单激励超声振动输入条件下获得纵扭谐振输出,提出一种基于声波传播理论为基础设计阶梯型变幅杆,并在其小端增加沿中心轴均布6斜槽的圆环传振杆的方案：首先数值计算进行理论设计,然后使用有限元进行分析修正,最后确定变幅杆尺寸。结果表明：理论设计谐振频率20kHz,仿真分析在19457Hz时变幅杆能够实现纵扭谐振;根据仿真结果制作变幅杆,阻抗测试结果谐振频率为19884Hz,与理论值、仿真值误差较小;在输入端加载幅值为5μm的纵向单激励超声振动,测试输出端截面圆周上任意一点,其切向和纵向振幅分别为12.7μm和8.5μm,表明变幅杆实现了纵扭谐振且振幅增强。     

Longitudinal ultrasonic vibration assisted guillotining of stacked paper

Ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting is a complex process with high dynamics. The interaction between cutting tool and workpiece is of key interest to understand the entire process. Experimental investigations are limited by the dynamics of the measurement system, and thus appropriately modeling of the ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting process is essential. In this investigation, a dynamic model regarding the ultrasonic vibration assisted guillotining of stacked paper sheets is developed. A Kelvin–Voigt material model, representing the individual sheets, is chosen, with its stiffness and damping parameters being empirically determined. A novel measurement strategy for studying the contact time and interaction between cutting tool and workpiece is introduced. It allows the verification of the highly dynamic behavior of the developed model. With the dynamic model, the experimentally observed cutting forces can be calculated. It is found that the dynamic forces cause a quicker failure of the material, which leads to a lower compression of the stack prior to reaching the critical cutting force.     

大负载超声振动磨削系统的设计

设计了一种大负载超声振动磨削系统,超声系统由换能器、圆柱圆锥形变幅杆和轮辐式砂轮组成。首先将轮辐式砂轮等效成轮毂为圆柱杆、辐板与轮缘为中厚板的复合模型,利用各接触面边界连续的条件推导系统的频率方程,完成了超声磨削系统的设计,制作了实验装置并分析验证了其声学振动特性。实验结果表明:利用轮辐式砂轮复合模型求解系统频率方程,在解决大负载超声振动磨削系统设计难题上的有效性。该超声系统结构简单,声学振动特性稳定,可输出均匀的位移振幅,有望在大负载的超声磨削领域获得应用。