工业纯钛中低温拉伸行为的温度与应变速率敏感性

结合拉伸实验数据和断口形貌分析发现,中低温下工业纯钛的拉伸应力-应变曲线随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低不断降低,拉伸行为存在温度软化与应变速率强化现象,并且拉伸行为的温度敏感性强于应变速率敏感性.基于工业纯钛强度参量随着温度和应变速率的变化规律得到了定量的工业纯钛强度参量与温度和应变速率的关系式.为了定量地描述工业纯钛中低温拉伸应力-应变曲线的温度与应变速率敏感性,对Arrhenius方程、Johnson Cook (JC)方程和Modified Zerilli-Armstrong(MZA)方程在工业纯钛中低温拉伸行为的应用进行比较发现,Arrhenius方程的预测精度最高,MZA方程次之,而JC方程的预测精度最低.     

天津地区软土的蠕变特性和速率敏感性

为了研究软土次固结和速率敏感性的内在联系,基于过应力式弹黏塑性本构模型,推导出一个理论关系式,定量地建立了次固结系数和率敏感参数的关系．对天津某地典型软黏土进行了一系列次固结试验和变速固结不排水三轴压缩试验,分析了次固结系数和率敏感参数,验证了所推导的理论关系式的适用性．     

用试验参数表达的应变速率敏感性指数的理论公式及其测量

从理论上建立了一组恒应变速率、恒变形速度和恒变形载荷变形路径下的应变速率敏感性指数测量公式,并给出在对应的试验曲线上的测量方法.同时针对Zn质量分数5%Al合金在常态(18℃)下的试验结果进行了测量和比较,从而说明这种合金即使在常态(18℃)下也具有较强的结构敏感性.     

平面应变混凝土强度变形试验与等效单轴应变本构模型

利用自行研制的三向强度变形试验装置,进行了应力比α=σ1/σ3=0:-1,0.05:-1,0.1:-1,0.2:-1和0.3:-1的拉-压平面应变状态强度与变形试验.试验结果表明:在拉压平面应变状态时,混凝土破坏形态主要分为受拉和受压2种,应力比α=σ1/σ3≤-0.1时为受拉破坏,应力比α>-0.1时为受压破坏;在混凝土开裂或屈服前,应力应变关系呈线性.同时,根据试验结果给出了拉-压平面应变状态的强度计算公式,完善了平面应变状态等效单轴应变本构模型.     

CA砂浆力学性能的应变率敏感性及本构关系

为研究水泥乳化沥青砂浆(CA砂浆)力学性能的应变率敏感性,采用微机控制电子万能试验机进行了CA砂浆在不同应变率下的应力-应变压缩试验.结果表明,CA砂浆的力学性能随着应变率的增大而增大,裂纹扩展速度的限制、侧向变形的惯性作用及沥青网络结构的横向约束导致了CA砂浆力学性能的应变率敏感性.文中还建立了CA砂浆的应变率本构关系,该本构关系能够精确模拟CA砂浆的峰值强度与弹性模量,整个变形过程中的拟合结果与试验结果的复相关系数均大于0.93.通过对应变率本构关系的敏感性分析可知,应变率越高,CA砂浆的韧性和应变率敏感性越低.     

一种面心立方合金的流变应力及应变速率敏感性的表象模型及其计算机模拟

在Ｒ．Ｅ．Ｒｅｅｄ－Ｈｉｌｌ提出的体心立方合金塑性变形总流变应力的物理模型的基础上，建立了一种置换式面心立方合金Ｃｕ—３．１ａｔ．％ Ｓｎ的总流变应力的表象模型．此总流变应力由三项组成，即内应力、有效应力及由于动态应变时效所引起的应力．有效应力和应变速率及温度成指数函数关系．动态应变时效应力遵循修正了的Ｈａｒｐｅｒ关系式．内应力则被假定为以和弹性模量同样的规律随温度而改变．将此模型输入计算机进行模拟计算，所得结果和实验数据吻合很好，说明此模型成功地描述了在７７Ｋ至６００Ｋ温度范围内，合金的总流变应力和应变速率敏感性随温度的变化规律．     

应变速率对红砂岩预制隙裂贯通破坏的影响

为了探究应变速率对节理岩体裂纹扩展形态和贯通破坏的影响,提出在室内制作含裂隙的红砂岩试样,采用不同加载速率进行单轴加载试验,观察裂隙起裂、贯通、破坏的全过程,并在物理试验基础上利用数值分析软件对结果进行分析和验证。结果表明:随着加载速率的增加,试样的峰值强度增加,试样发生应力强度跌落时的应变也有一定的增长;裂隙的扩展方式不局限于沿着试件高度方向开展,有部分裂隙发生横向方向的扩展和贯通,导致试样逐渐从局部破坏形式向整体破坏形式发展;裂隙强度在单轴加载时伴随裂隙倾角和加载速率的增加而变大,裂隙贯通强度对裂隙倾角的变化更敏感。     

与应变速率相关的DP980高强度钢板辊弯成形的本构模型建立

摘要： 确定了辊弯成形中DP980高强度钢板的应变速率范围,在3种应变速率条件下进行了DP980高强度钢板的单向拉伸试验,并对试验数据进行非线性拟合,建立了与应变速率相关的Johnson Cook本构模型;应用所建本构模型进行辊弯成形有限元模拟,并与相应的辊弯成形试验结果加以对比.结果表明,所建立的本构模型具有较高的精度,可用于辊弯成形工艺的进一步优化.     

基于强度参数演化的裂隙岩体峰后应力-应变关系求法

完整岩块峰后应力应变关系的表达不能较好反映裂隙岩体峰后特性,为得到适合裂隙岩体峰后应力-应变关系,在试验数据基础上,基于库伦强度准则,分析裂隙岩体峰后强度参数的演化行为。根据裂隙岩体在不同围压和裂隙倾角时的不同峰后特性,将峰后应力-应变关系简化为A和B两种类型。以应变作为应变软化参数,假设黏聚力、内摩擦角为应变的分段线性函数,给出裂隙岩体峰后两种类型应力-应变关系式的求法。将A和B两种类型应力-应变关系式算出结果与试验结果进行比较,得出用裂隙岩体的应力-应变关系求得峰后应力-应变曲线与试验数据基本一致。     

沙漠砂可发性聚苯乙烯混凝土的应力-应变曲线及其本构模型

针对有关沙漠砂可发性聚苯乙烯(EPS)混凝土尚无相关研究的情况,分别对6组不同密度的沙漠砂EPS混凝土进行单轴压缩实验,并通过与常用普通混凝土本构模型进行对比评估及对数据进行拟合,得出适用于沙漠砂EPS混凝土的本构模型。结果表明:沙漠砂EPS混凝土初始加载时存在压密过程,峰后应力衰减至峰值应力的40%～60%后,应变以延性为主,并且存在多次压实-破坏过程;现有常用混凝土本构模型均与实验曲线存在一定区别,在未对其进行改进前并不适用沙漠砂EPS混凝土;所得的沙漠砂EPS混凝土本构模型与实验曲线贴合度较高,可较好地描述该材料的本构关系。     

海冰韧脆转变实验与机理研究

进行了海冰的单轴加载实验研究,试件为10cm×10cm×25cm的长方体,在-7℃下,沿冰晶生长垂直方向加载,加载速率控制在10-4—10-2/s内.通过常应变速率的单轴压缩实验观测了海冰韧脆转变过程的宏观破坏形式,并分别在细微观与细观尺度讨论了冰韧脆转变判据.利用翼型裂纹模型预测了冰韧脆转变点处的应变速率,得出转变点处应变速率的表达式并与实验值进行了比较.     

浅水区斜坡人工岛海冰危害及减灾措施

为减轻海冰对斜坡人工岛的灾害性影响,经过现场调查和分析,揭示了由于大面积冰盘的能量使其一部分与斜坡人工岛发生作用而产生爬坡、破坏和堆积现象,确定了斜坡人工岛前海冰堆积体的形状.现场调查和物理模型试验结果表明,采用曲面破冰结构诱导海冰在斜坡人工岛前形成堆积体,可以增加海冰接触人工岛的能量消耗,降低海冰对斜坡人工岛的危害.     

Relationship between Hadley circulation and sea ice extent in the Bering Sea

The linkage between Hadley circulation （HC） and sea ice extent in the Bering Sea during March-April is investigated through an analysis of observed data in this research. It is found that HC is negatively correlated to the sea ice extent in the Bering Sea, namely, strong （weak） HC is corresponding to less （more） sea ice in the Bering Sea. The present study also addresses the large-scale atmospheric general circulation changes underlying the relationship between HC and sea ice in the Bering Sea. It follows that a positive phase of HC corresponds to westward located Aleutian low, anomalous southerlies over the eastern North Pacific and higher temperature in the Bering Sea, providing unfavorable atmospheric and thermal conditions for the sea ice forming, and thus sea ice extent in the Bering Sea is decreased, and vice versa. In addition, it is further identified that East Asian-North Pacific-North America teleconnection may play an important role in linking HC and changes of atmospheric circulations as well as sea ice in the Bering Sea.     

英吉苏凹陷天然气藏成岩演化模式及成藏机理

在对英吉苏凹陷基本地质条件、次生孔隙的形成、成岩序列分析及成岩演化阶段划分的基础上,建立了英吉苏凹陷天然气藏的成岩演化模式,研究了英吉苏凹陷天然气的成藏机理,建立了成藏模式.结果表明:英吉苏凹陷具备了形成大中型气藏的地质条件和成藏要素.研究结论对塔里木盆地气藏分布规律的研究以及寻找新的油气资源提供必要的依据.     

Influence of interannual variability of Antarctic oscillation on mei-yu along the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley and its importance to prediction

Both correlation analysis and case study indicate that Antarctic oscillation (AAO) is closely related with summer rainfall in eastern China. When AAO is stronger in boreal spring, especially in May, there is more mei-yu rainfall in summer with a longer period along the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley. In contrast, there is less rainfall with a shorter period corresponding to a weaker AAO. Besides, an anomalous AAO changes the position and intensity of several circulation systems, which are important to summer rainfall along the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley. Furthermore, the Antarctic sea ice is negatively correlated with the intensity of AAO with a 6-month leading time. The result in this study provides a new method for the prediction of mei-yu.     

Microstructural evolution during ultra-rapid annealing of severely deformed low-carbon steel: strain,temperature, and heating rate effects

An interaction between ferrite recrystallization and austenite transformation in low-carbon steel occurs when recrystallization is delayed until the intercritical temperature range by employing high heating rate. The kinetics of recrystallization and transformation is affected by high heating rate and such an interaction. In this study, different levels of strain are applied to low-carbon steel using a severe plastic deformation method. Then, ultra-rapid annealing is performed at different heating rates of 200–1100℃/s and peak temperatures of near critical temperature. Five regimes are proposed to investigate the effects of heating rate, strain, and temperature on the interaction between recrystallization and transformation. The microstructural evolution of severely deformed low-carbon steel after ultra-rapid annealing is investigated based on the proposed regimes. Regarding the intensity and start temperature of the interaction, different microstructures consisting of ferrite and pearlite/martensite are formed. It is found that when the interaction is strong, the microstructure is refined because of the high kinetics of transformation and recrystallization. Moreover, strain shifts an interaction zone to a relatively higher heating rate. Therefore, severely deformed steel should be heated at relatively higher heating rates for it to undergo a strong interaction.     

Changes in annual accumulation retrieved from Geladaindong ice core and its relationship to atmospheric circulation over the Tibetan Plateau

Annual accumulation records covering 1935 to 2004 were reconstructed using Geladaindong ice core in the source of Yangtze River. A significant positive correlation between annual accumulation and precipitation from nearby meteorological stations was found, suggesting ice core accumulation could be taken as a precipitation proxy in the region. In the past 70 years, precipitation in the Geladaindong region was low from 1930s to early 1960s, and the lowest value occurred in the later 1950s. Since 1960s, precipitation increased dramatically and reached the maximum around 1980s, then decreased slightly in 1990s. By using Mann-Kendall rank statistical test method, a change point for precipitation was determined in 1967. Analysis of the atmospheric circulation over the Tibetan Plateau suggested that, compared with the southwest wind during the low precipitation period （before 1967）, it extended about 2 latitudes northward during high precipitation period （after 1967）. Moreover, during the high precipitation, the trough over the Bal Karshi Lake was also enhanced, and both the meridional wind and vapor transporting displayed a remarkable aggrandizement.     

藏式毛石砌体抗压强度对其弹性模量和峰值应变预测

抗压强度、弹模和峰值应变是藏式毛石砌体力学性能的3个重要参数,由于砌块不规则性和砌筑工艺随机性的影响导致该类砌体抗压强度、弹模、峰值应变都较难直接获得。通过毛石砌块和泥浆黏材强度获得毛石砌体抗压强度,以抗压强度预测弹性模量和峰值应变是为了研究此类砌体变形特征和力学特性。采用西藏传统砌筑工艺砌筑8个毛石棱柱体试件,对棱柱体试件进行单轴压缩力学测试,获得毛石砌体抗压强度、弹模、峰值应变、位移-荷载曲线、破坏形态等。结合已有研究成果对该类砌体抗压强度表达式中砌块与泥浆相关影响系数进一步优化,以抗压强度预测其弹性模量、峰值应变。试验结果表明,该类砌体抗压强度、弹模、峰值应变较低且变形呈阶段性变形特征,位移-荷载曲线与其他类型砌体对比存在差异。以区间估计法和线性回归进行弹性模量和峰值应变预测并与其他类别毛石砌体对比发现吻合度较好。该结论可供该类砌体结构修复、加固和毛石砌体单轴压缩性能研究参考。     

Change of bacterial community in the Malan Ice Core and its relation to climate and environment

In order to understand the relationship between the community structure of bacteria in ice core and the past climate and environment, we initiated the study on the microorganisms in the three selected ice samples from the Malan ice core drilled from the Tibetan Plateau. The 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) molecules were directly amplified from the melt water samples, and three 16S rDNA clone libraries were established. Among 94 positive clones, eleven clones with unique restriction pattern were used for partial sequence and compared with eight reported sequences from the same ice core. The phylotypes were divided into 5 groups: alpha, beta, gamma proteobacteria; CFB, and other eubacteria group. Among them, there were many “typical Malan glacial bacteria“ pertaining to psychrophilies and new bacteria found in the ice core. At a longer time scale, the concentration distribution of “typical Malan glacial bacteria“ with depth showed negative correlation with temperature variations and was coincident with dirty layer. It implied the influence of temperature on the microbial record through impact on the concentrations of the “typical Malan glacial bacteria“. In addition, the nutrition contained in ice was another important factor controlling the distribution of microbial population in ice core section. Moreover, the result displayed an apparent layer distribution of bacterial community in the ice core section, which reflected the microbial response to the past climatic and environmental conditions at the time of deposition.     

组合模函数方法及其在机械故障诊断中的应用

针对信号被噪声污染时,经验模式分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)分析信号得到的本征模函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF)会发生明显畸变,从而降低经验模式分解精度这一问题,提出了组合模函数方法。该方法利用经验模式分解算法对信号进行分解,然后将特定的本征模函数组合起来,从而得到一个新的带宽依据信号特点自适应变化的带通滤波器,揭示信号特征。将所提出的方法应用于仿真数据及某电厂发电机组高压缸振动超限故障数据分析。结果表明:组合模函数方法能够较好地解决本征模函数畸变问题,明显提高经验模式分解精度,有助于精确提取故障特征和正确诊断故障类型;组合模函数方法对工程环境采集的机械设备故障数据分析和特征提取具有一定实用价值。