共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A. D. Davydov V. S. Shaldaev G. R. Engel’gardt 《Russian Journal of Electrochemistry》2006,42(2):121-128
The dependences of the pitting potential, determined by potentiodynamic method, on the NaCl solution concentration, pH, and temperature are found. The repassivation potential and the induction time for the pitting under different conditions are determined. The corrosion potential and kinetic parameters of the steel dissolution in pits are measured. The corrosion current is evaluated, leading to the determination of the steel dissolution rate in pits at the corrosion potential. 相似文献
2.
K. V. Rybalka V. S. Shaldaev L. A. Beketaeva A. N. Malofeeva A. D. Davydov 《Russian Journal of Electrochemistry》2010,46(2):196-204
Pitting corrosion of stainless steel 403 in the NaCl solutions is studied. It is shown that the experimental results obtained
under the potentiostatic conditions do not provide sufficient information on the behavior of steel under the conditions of
free corrosion. The corrosion experiments take long time, their results exhibit poor reproducibility; however, they are necessary
for obtaining reliable data on the corrosion behavior of steel. The development of corrosion process is reflected in the variation
of corrosion potential with time. The effect of concentration and temperature of NaCl solutions on the development of pitting
corrosion is studied. The peculiarities of the distribution of pits over the test specimen surface are revealed. In 1 M NaCl
solution at 20°C, few pits arise. Some of them repassivate; some pits grow, initially, in diameter and depth and, then, almost
only in depth. The examples of through pit formation on the specimens 4 mm thick are presented. 相似文献
3.
Xiaoxuan Guo Arthur Situm Burke C. Barlow Bao Guo Ian J. Burgess Andrew P. Grosvenor 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2019,51(6):681-691
Pitting corrosion of reinforcing steel bar (rebar) imbedded in concrete by chloride ions can cause concrete degradation. It is thus necessary to develop methods to mitigate concrete corrosion which could include using a protective polymer rebar coating. Corrosion studies of polyvinyl butyral-carbon black polymer-coated rebar using soft X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microprobe and micro-X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (μ-XANES) are reported in this study. After removal of the polyvinyl butyral-carbon black polymer coating, Fe Lα1, Mn Lα1, and O Kα1 XRF maps were collected as well as Fe and Mn L3-edge μ-XANES spectra from different regions across the whole rebar surface by collection of total electron yield (TEY) and partial XRF yield (PFY) spectra. The distribution of metallic Fe and Fe corrosion products was determined by analysis of the Fe XRF map. The μ-XANES spectra indicated a higher fraction of Fe (III) phases on the corroded rebar surface, while Fe (II/III) phases were the major corrosion products beneath the surface region. In addition, Mn (II) and Mn (III) were determined as the valence states of the manganese corrosion products. 相似文献
4.
5.
A. D. Davydov 《Russian Journal of Electrochemistry》2008,44(7):835-839
A method for estimating pitting corrosion rate is proposed. The method is based on the analysis of anodic and cathodic voltammograms that were measured on the specimens of two types: on the test specimen coated with an oxide film, which formed under the open-circuit conditions, and on the specimen, whose surface was totally activated with aggressive ions. The use of Tafel portions of these voltammograms in various combinations enables us to estimate the corrosion potential and corrosion current for general corrosion proceeding in the induction period, for pitting corrosion at the initial stage of its development, for a highly developed pitting corrosion, when the major area of specimen surface is occupied with pits, and also in the intermediate case. 相似文献
6.
Coelho Dyovani Cuadros Linares Oscar A. Oliveira Aloadir L. S. Andrade Jr Marcos A. S. Mascaro Lucia H. Batista Neto João E. S. Bruno Odemir M. Pereira Ernesto C. 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2020,24(8):1909-1919
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Herein, we propose an approach to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of corroded samples to have access to information about the shape, diameter,... 相似文献
7.
《Electrochemistry communications》2008,10(7):1000-1004
The chloride ion (Cl−) is known as an aggressive species in the aqueous solutions that adsorbs to the imperfect sites on the metal surfaces, such as defects, impurities and second-phase particles. This adsorption process could change the chemical composition and properties, such as ion conductivity, of the passive film. As a result, the passive film becomes less protective and breaks down at some places where the underlying metals are exposed to the electrolyte and dissolved through anodic reaction forming a pit. In the meantime, the hydrolysis (cathodic reaction) occurs inside the pit giving rise to a lower pH and leading to an increased dissolution rate of the metals. Subsequently, more chloride ions migrate into the pit in order to maintain electrical neutrality and adsorb onto the pit surface. The repeating of such process causes the pitting propagation. However, anodic polarization allows the chloride ions to migrate into the passive film more easily. With growth of the pit, more corrosion products make both in plane diffusion across the sample surface and out-of-plane diffusion to bulk solution from the pit mouth [M.G. Fontana, N.D. Greene, Corrosion Engineering, second ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1978]. 相似文献
8.
A.M. Shams El Din S.M. Abd El Haleem J.M. Abd El Kader 《Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry》1975,65(1):335-349
A simple experimental arrangement was applied for the measurement and the evaluation of pitting corrosion currents operating under natural conditions. The feasibility of the procedure was examined by using Zn as a test metal, K2CrO4, Na2HPO4 and Na2WO4 as inhibitors, and Cl?, Br? and I? as pitting corrosion agents. Both the type and concentration of the inhibiting and corroding agents were varied in a programmed manner. In CrO42? and HPO42? solutions, the pitting corrosion currents started to flow after an induction period, which decreased with increase in the concentration of the attacking agent. In WO42? solutions, on the other hand, initially high currents were recorded due to the reduction of the agent to soluble, non-inhibiting species.In all solutions tested the corrosion current reached steady-state values which depended on the type and concentration of both the inhibiting and the aggressive anions. When keeping the inhibitor concentration constant, the corrosion current varied with the concentration of the aggressor according to: log icorr = a1 + b1 log cagg On the other hand, in solutions of constant aggressor concentration, with varying inhibitor amounts, the relation was: log icorr = a2 ? b2 log cinh where a1(a2) and b1(b2) are constants.The two equations were derived theoretically on the basis of competitive adsorption of the two counteracting agents on the surface of the metal. Comparison between the experimental values of a and b, with the corresponding terms of the theoretical equations was made.The aggressivity of the three tested anions decreases in the order Cl? > Br? > I?, whilst inhibition varied as CrO42? > HPO42? > WO42?. 相似文献
9.
Electrochemical noise (EN) was used to study the pitting corrosion of J55 steel in NaCl/NaHCO3 electrolytes. Below critical ratio for Cl? to HCO?, the corrosion rate increased with added NaCl, and conversely, decreased above that level. Also, the critical ratio was between 1 and 1.66. The PSD for potential and current noise were linear and rather gently sloped. J55 casing steel was quite sensitive to NaCl/NaHCO3 electrolytes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Electrochemical instabilities induced by chlorides and bromides due to pitting corrosion of iron in sulfuric acid solutions
are investigated. Analysis of the electrochemical instabilities as a function of the applied potential and the nature and
concentration of the aggressive chemical species shows that the system exhibits a transition from aperiodic bursting of large-amplitude
to small-amplitude chaotic oscillations at a critical potential (bifurcation potential, E
bif). The E
bif is determined by the halide concentration inside the pits and coincides with the repassivation potential defined in corrosion
studies to explain pit repassivation due to changes in pit chemistry. Surface observations show that, at E < E
bif, an active-passive state dissolution (etching) occurs, while at E > E
bif, a polishing state dissolution is reached. Spatial interactions between early initiated pits and the adjacent electrode surface,
oxide film alteration, aggressive species accumulation around active pits, and formation of ferrous salt layers in front of
the Fe electrode are all considered to be associated with electrochemical instabilities emerging during pitting corrosion
of iron under different dissolution states.
Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2006, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 535–550.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
11.
The scanning reference electrode technique (SRET) was used to characterize the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in the NaNO2-containing chloride solution and tap water. In 10−3 MNaNO2+10−3 MNaCl+10−3 MNa2SO4 solution, the passivated carbon steel surface suffered the pitting. In this case, the size of anodic and cathodic areas on the corroding surface varied with the exposed time, but anodic and cathodic sites did not change. On the contrary, the carbon steel was corroded generally in the tap water. The localized anodes and cathodes on the corroding surface were not fixed but movable with the exposed time during the whole corrosion process, and the “movable anodes” can be in situ monitored and momentarily identified by SRET measurements. 相似文献
12.
The potentiodynamic and acoustic emission studies were carried out in a typical three-electrode electrochemical cell. The
working electrode was prepared from aluminum alloy 1050A. Cyclic polarization and acoustic emission investigations of pitting
corrosion were carried out simultaneously. On the basis of acoustic and potentiodynamic (cyclic polarization) investigations
pitting corrosion potential was determined and compared. 相似文献
13.
14.
《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2005,37(5):478-494
The surface chemistry associated with pitting corrosion on a nickel‐based alloy, Inconel 600, has been studied using imaging x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The irregularity of the sample surfaces necessitated a more elaborate background correction than is usually applied in such imaging. Areas of active pitting were found to contain corrosion products that are high in chromium oxide and depleted in nickel and iron. Sites of anodic activity on the surface were able to be defined more clearly using principal component analysis. Elements that are dissolved preferentially are deposited cathodically within well‐defined regions whose distance from the anodic pit appears related to the open‐circuit potential. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
《Electrochemistry communications》2007,9(1):76-82
In the present paper we show that a significant improvement in pitting corrosion resistance of a biomedical grade stainless steel, 316LVM, can be achieved by the formation of a surface passive oxide film under cyclic potentiodyanamic polarization (passivation) conditions. A complete absence of pitting in physiological simulating solutions was demonstrated, while the electrochemically formed passive film maintained its very high pitting resistance even at higher chloride concentrations in the bulk solution. The improvement in the film’s pitting corrosion resistance was correlated with its semiconducting properties. 相似文献
16.
《Electrochemistry communications》2007,9(2):325-330
This paper presents a stochastic analysis of spatial point patterns as effect of localized pitting corrosion. A test of randomness is performed by means of the inter-event distance method. The robustness of the method is tested with two artificially generated samples. The method is applied to published empirical data. The results complied when spatial regularity of pits was found and showed discrepancy when pit interaction was observed. 相似文献
17.
Austempered ductile iron (ADI) has complex microstructure containing a multiphase matrix (called ‘ausferrite’), graphite spheres
and oxide inclusions. The corrosion resistance of ADI is related to its microstructure which is determined by heat treatment
parameters (like austempering temperature, austempering time, austenitising temperature and austenitising time). In the present
paper, the electrochemical behaviour and corrosion resistance of ADI have been investigated by means of the electrochemical
microcell technique and classical electrochemical measurements in sodium chloride solution. Particular attention has been
paid to the influence of austempering temperature on the microstructure and pitting corrosion. It has been shown that ADI
austempered at 430 °C has upper ausferritic microstructure and reveals a better corrosion resistance in sodium chloride solution
than ADI austempered at 280 °C. Moreover, the corrosion resistance increases as the volume fracture of ferrite increases and
the carbon content of austenite decreases. The good corrosion behaviour of ADI austempered at 430 °C was also related to the
good coarsening of the austenite grains and broad ferrite needles (less ferrite/austenite interfaces). It has been demonstrated
that silicon is the alloying element hindering the anodic dissolution of the alloy. 相似文献
18.
Woldemedhin M. T. Srinivasan J. Kelly R. G. 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2021,25(10):2699-2700
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - 相似文献
19.
Qiao Zhongli Shi Yanhua Lin Cheng Liang Ping Meng Zixuan 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2023,27(4):841-855
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The metastable pitting characteristics of Ni-based alloy coatings in chloride ion media have been investigated, and a pitting model based on empirical... 相似文献
20.
Angelina Popova Stefka Veleva Svetla Raicheva 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》2005,85(1):99-105
Summary The rate of steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solutions in the absence and in the presence of inhibitors is studied. It is found that the process dynamics is described by an exponential kinetic equation of self-accelerating reactions in the absence of inhibitor and by an equation of a zero order in its presence. 相似文献