Chemical constituents from seeds of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactuca sativa</Emphasis>

A new flavonol glycoside with a rare structure type, lactucasativoside A (1), was isolated from the seeds of Lactuca sativa, together with three known compounds, japonicin A (2), isoquercitrin (3), and caffeic acid (4). Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compound 2 was obtained from the genus Lactuca for the first time.     

Chemical constituents from the roots of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Senecio scandens</Emphasis>

The chemical constituents of the roots of Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. grown in the Funiu mountains in China have been investigated. Four compounds were isolated and identified as β−sitosterol (1), pentacosanoic acid (2), 19α-H lupeone (3), and sucrose (4). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. 19α-H Lupeone (3) was isolated as a single compound and its structure established unambiguously by the spectral method for the first time, and ¹H and ¹³C NMR data were assigned wholly by 1D and 2D NMR.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ligustrum lucidum</Emphasis>

One new δ-valerolactone (1) and one new natural phenolic glycoside 2, together with four known compounds 3–6, were isolated from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data. The chemical transformation from 2 to 3 was observed. The immunomodulatory activities of the compounds were also evaluated.