共价有机框架材料在固定化酶及模拟酶领域的应用

共价有机框架(Covalent Organic Frameworks, COFs)是一类由轻质元素通过可逆共价键连接而成的晶型多孔有机材料。因具有高比表面积、低密度、规则的孔隙和易于功能化等独特的性能和结构,COFs在气体吸附、化学传感和非均相催化等领域有着广泛的应用前景。近年来,COFs逐渐显现出在固定化酶和模拟酶领域的应用潜力,由于可以轻松定制COF上的官能团以保持COF与酶之间的特定相互作用,因此COF成为有吸引力的酶固定基质。此外,COF的连续且封闭的开放通道为渗透酶提供了良好的微环境。同时,探索了COF模拟酶的特征,通过“从下到上”的方法或后修饰策略设计了COF模拟酶。这不仅扩展了固定化酶载体材料的研究和应用范围,还为模拟酶仿生催化提供了新的研究思路。本文综述了COFs固定化酶和作为纳米材料模拟酶(纳米酶)在生物催化领域的研究进展,详细讨论了COFs载体的合成和功能化策略、固定化酶方式,以及COFs纳米酶的设计理念、催化活性和选择性等内容。最后总结了目前COFs在酶催化领域所面临的挑战和未来发展的机遇。     

共价有机框架材料在吸附领域的研究进展

共价有机框架材料(Covalent Organic Frameworks,COFs)是由有机结构单元通过共价键连接的具有期性结构的多孔化合物。共价有机框架材料具有永久的孔隙、高的比表面积、可调的孔径、易于功能化和高的水热稳定性等优点,广泛应用于许多领域。本文总结了COFs目前主要的合成方法,介绍了COFs在吸附领域的应用和发展。最后,文章指出未来的研究重点是发展更多有机反应和键连方式,合成具有高度稳定性和结晶度、成本低廉的功能性材料。     

共价有机框架材料研究进展

共价有机框架材料是一类具有周期性和结晶性的有机多孔聚合物。共价有机框架材料由轻质元素通过共价键连接,拥有较低的密度、高的热稳定性以及固有的多孔性,在气体吸附、非均相催化、能量存储等研究领域有着广泛的应用潜力,引起了科学界强烈的研究兴趣。本文主要综述了近年来共价有机框架材料的最新研究进展,包括其结构设计、合成、纯化、表征以及在气体吸附,催化及光电等方面的应用,并对共价有机框架材料未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

共价有机框架材料应用进展

共价有机框架材料(COFs)由C、H、N、O等轻质元素组成,是一种通过共价键连接的晶型材料。近十年来发展迅速,受到研究人员的密切关注。COFs具有良好的稳定性、低密度、规则有序的孔道结构、结构的可预测性和可设计性等优点,被广泛应用到吸附、催化、储能、生物传感器和荧光识别等重要领域,但其存在合成困难、合成方法有限等问题。文章回顾了COFs材料的发展背景,选取吸附、催化、储能这三个方面的应用进行详细说明,分析COFs材料能被应用到这三个领域的原因,列举最新的研究成果,并阐述了COFs与特定分子结合在不同条件下应用的机理,总结各领域应用的异同,分析在应用中存在的主要问题。最后,对于COFs材料自身以及在应用中存在的问题提出针对性的建议。     

卟啉共价有机框架化合物的研究进展

共价有机框架化合物(COFs)是一类新兴的具有多孔结构的晶态有机聚合物,在储存与分离、催化、能量转化等领域具有广泛应用。本文介绍了一类基于卟啉单元的COFs,从框架构筑及应用开发两方面综述了这类材料的研究进展。     

共价有机框架材料催化研究进展

共价有机框架材料(COFs)是一类具有高比表面积、高孔隙率、高结晶度的结构多样性多孔材料.由于COFs具有可设计性、易功能化的特点,可通过"自上而下"或者后修饰策略将具有催化活性的官能团或金属颗粒嵌入到材料骨架当中,从而设计出高效催化剂. COFs已逐渐在多相催化及其它催化领域展现出非常大的应用价值.本文综述了COFs作为催化剂载体在多种催化反应中的合成策略与应用,对COFs催化剂的现状进行了总结与展望,同时指出该领域面临的问题与挑战.     

基于共价有机框架材料的电化学传感器研究进展

共价有机框架（COFs）材料是一类由轻质元素（C, O, N, B等）通过强共价键连接而成的新兴结晶多孔材料。COFs因其可调孔径、永久孔隙率、拓扑可设计性等优点,被广泛用于电化学传感领域。金属纳米粒子、碳材料、金属有机框架、酶等功能材料与COFs复合,可以显著提高电化学传感器的分析性能,实现高灵敏度和选择性检测。本综述阐述了基于COFs的电化学传感器的最新研究进展,总结了制备方法,并对其传感机制进行了解释。介绍了新型COFs材料的设计和合成,以及基于新型检测模式的COFs电化学传感器的研究进展。     

共价有机框架材料催化剂

共价有机框架材料（covalent organic frameworks, COF）是功能材料领域研究的热点之一。COF具有孔道结构高度有序、孔径可调、比表面积较大、合成方法多样和易于功能化修饰等优点,是一类新兴的多相催化剂。目前,COF催化剂主要设计思路是：基于“自下而上”策略将非金属催化活性中心嵌入材料骨架来构筑本征型COF催化剂,或者以COF为载体,通过后修饰方式负载金属颗粒或离子构建多相催化剂。鉴于COF以上优势,预计COF催化剂在多相催化和手性催化领域中的应用也将取得更大的进展。本文综述了COF催化剂的合成和功能化策略,并展望了COF在多相催化领域中的应用前景。     

Research Progress in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photoluminescent Materials

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging kind of crystalline porous polymers that present the precise integration of organic building blocks into extensible structures with regular pores and periodic skeletons. The diversity of organic units and covalent linkages makes COFs a rising materials platform for the design of structure and functionality. Herein, recent research progress in developing COFs for photoluminescent materials is summarised. Structural and functional design strategies are highlighted and fundamental problems that need to be solved are identified, in conjunction with potential applications from perspectives of photoluminescent materials.     

共价有机骨架材料在分离科学中的研究进展

共价有机骨架(COFs)材料是一类由有机单体通过共价键连接而成的新型多功能结晶有机聚合物,具有比表面积大、热和化学稳定性好、结构和功能可控等优点,在气体存储、药物传递、传感和催化等方面有着广泛的应用。多样的结构和丰富的官能团也使COFs在分离科学中具有巨大的应用潜力。COFs及其复合材料作为吸附剂已被用于固相萃取、磁固相萃取、固相微萃取,以及气相色谱、高效液相色谱和毛细管电色谱的新型固定相。该文综述了近3年来COFs在分离科学中的最新进展,着重介绍了COFs在水介质、食品基质、生物样本等复杂基质中样品前处理和有机分子(包括手性和异构化合物)分离等方面的研究进展,为进一步研究COFs的应用提供参考。     

Recent Advances in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Catalysis

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as an emerging type of crystalline porous materials, have obtained considerable attention recently. They have exhibited diverse structure and attractive performance in various catalytic reactions. It is highly expected to have a systematic and comprehensive review summing up COFs‐derived catalysts in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, which is favorable to the judicious design of an efficient catalyst for targeted reaction. Herein, we focus on summarizing recent and significant developments in COFs materials, with an emphasis on both the synthetic strategies and targeted functionalization, and categorize it in accordance with the different types of catalytic reactions. Their potential catalysis applications are reviewed thoroughly. Moreover, a personal view about the future development of COFs catalysts with respect to the large‐scale production is also discussed.     

Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks with Spiroborate Linkage

A novel type of ionic covalent organic framework (ICOF), which contains sp³ hybridized boron anionic centers and tunable countercations, was constructed by formation of spiroborate linkages. These ICOFs exhibit high BET surface areas up to 1259 m² g^?1 and adsorb a significant amount of H₂ (up to 3.11 wt %, 77 K, 1 bar) and CH₄ (up to 4.62 wt %, 273 K, 1 bar). Importantly, the materials show good thermal stabilities and excellent resistance to hydrolysis, remaining nearly intact when immersed in water or basic solution for two days. The presence of permanently immobilized ion centers in ICOFs enables the transportation of lithium ions with room‐temperature lithium‐ion conductivity of 3.05×10^?5 S cm^?1 and an average Li⁺ transference number value of 0.80±0.02. Our approach thus provides a convenient route to highly stable COFs with ionic linkages, which can potentially serve as absorbents for alternative energy sources such as H₂, CH₄, and also as solid lithium electrolytes/separators for the next‐generation lithium batteries.     

Tailoring Covalent Organic Frameworks To Capture Water Contaminants

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are attractive materials receiving increasing interest in the literature due to their crystallinity, large surface area, and pore uniformity. Their properties can be tailored towards specific applications by judicious design of COF building blocks, giving access to tailor-made pore sizes and surfaces. In this Concept article, developments in the field of COFs that have allowed these materials to be explored for contaminant adsorption are discussed. Strategies to obtain water-stable materials with highly ordered structures and large surface areas are reviewed. Post-synthetic modification approaches, by which pore surfaces can be tuned to target specific contaminants, are described. Recent advances in COF formulations, crucial for future implementation in adsorption devices, are highlighted. At the end, future challenges which need to be addressed to allow for the deployment of COFs for the capture of water contaminants will be discussed.     

Donor-Acceptor Type Covalent Organic Frameworks

Intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect has been widely studied in both small molecules and linear polymers. Covalently-bonded donor-acceptor pairs with tunable bandgaps and photoelectric properties endow these materials with potential applications in optoelectronics, fluorescent bioimaging, and sensors, etc. However, owing to the lack of charge transfer pathway or effective separation of charge carriers, unfavorable charge recombination gives rise to inevitable energy loss. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be mediated with various geometry- and property-tailored building blocks, where donor (D) and acceptor (A) segments are connected by covalent bonds and can be finely arranged to form highly ordered networks (namely D−A COFs). The unique structural features of D−A COFs render the formation of segregated D−A stacks, thus provides pathways and channels for effective charge carriers transport. This review highlights the significant progress on D−A COFs over the past decade with emphasis on design principles, growing structural diversities, and promising application potentials.