AlnO±2团簇结构的几何特征与稳定性

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在6-311G**水平上对AInO±2 (n=1-10)团簇的几何和电子结构进行了理论计算.讨论了混合团簇的基态结构与振动频率,以及电荷转移与分子轨道.结果表明,AlnO±2(n＞1)团簇的基态结构都是2个较小的AlmO(m＜n)分子碎片通过Al原子或1个Al4O2局部结构与Al簇相结合形成的.通过对基态结构的能量分析,得到了AlnO±2团簇的稳定性信息.     

CnAl2 (n=1-10)团簇的结构特征与稳定性

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 在6-311G*水平上对CnAl2 (n=1-10)团簇的几何构型和电子结构进行了结构优化和振动频率计算. 结果表明, 富铝的CAl2团簇基态结构为折线型面状结构, 多碳和双聚体的CnAl2团簇基态结构均为Al原子端基配位的线状结构. 通过对基态结构的能量分析, 得到了n为偶数的CnAl2团簇比n为奇数稳定的结论.     

CnAl2（n=1-10）团簇的结构特征与稳定性

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在6-311G*水平上对CnAl2(n=1-10)团簇的几何构型和电子结构进行了结构优化和振动频率计算.结果表明,富铝的CAl2团簇基态结构为折线型面状结构,多碳和双聚体的CnAl2团簇基态结构均为Al原子端基配位的线状结构.通过对基态结构的能量分析,得到了n为偶数的CnAl2团簇比n为奇数稳定的结论.     

AlnO2±团簇结构的几何特征与稳定性

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在6-311G**水平上对AlnO2±(n=1-10)团簇的几何和电子结构进行了理论计算.讨论了混合团簇的基态结构与振动频率,以及电荷转移与分子轨道.结果表明,AlnO2±(n>1)团簇的基态结构都是2个较小的AlmO(m相似文献   

Pdn(n=2～13)团簇的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法计算并讨论钯原子团簇Pdn(n=2～13)结构模型.通过对钯原子团簇进行几何构型优化和振动频率计算,找出团簇总能量最低的同分异构体.由于Jahn-Teller效应的存在,团簇的最稳定结构采取对称性较低的几何构型.在钯原子数相同时,往往存在多个能量极为相近的稳定构型.单位原子平均静态极化率呈奇偶变化.     

银团簇结构与特性的分子动力学研究

用分子动力学方法模拟了银团簇的结构与力能学.计算模拟中使用了一种基于第一性原理的原子间互作用多体势函数.通过分子动力学模拟确定了银微团簇(原子个数3～13)的稳态结构;模拟了原子个数为13～141的银FCC晶体结构理想球形团簇的力能学,发现球形银团簇形成三雏紧密结构;计算了平均结合能,给出了结合能随团簇原子数N的变化图,发现随N增大团簇结合能逐渐接近块材的数值.     

[BxAl13-x]-(x=0～13)二元团簇的密度泛函理论研究

采用遗传算法（Genetic algorithm,GA）对B-Al二元团簇[B_xAl_13-x]^-（x=0～13）进行了全局结构搜索,并在密度泛函理论（Density Functional Theory,DFT）下对其进行了优化计算. 结果表明在二元团簇中,随着硼原子的数量逐渐增加,团簇的结构由二十面体（3D）逐渐转化为准平面（2D）且团簇结构由B与Al原子的比例所决定的. 当x=0～7时,Al原子占多数,团簇保持3D结构;反之团簇呈现2D构型;在x=7～8时,团簇的结构发生由3D向2D的转变. 能量决定着团簇的稳定性（例如相对能量）. 能量越小,其结构越稳定. 在计算相对能量E_rel,当x=1时,其相对能量最低,团簇结构最稳定. 为了进一步了解团簇的稳定性,计算了[B_xAl_13-x]^- 团簇的HOMO-LUMO能级差（E_H-L）和垂直电离能（Vertical Detachment Energies,VDE）,并且发现它们的值在整体上是随着B原子数量的增加而减小,表明其团簇的稳定性逐渐减弱. 在所有的团簇中,BAl₁₂^-的能级差最大,结构最稳定. 因此文章中对其进行了分子轨道分析,发现当一个B原子替代了Al₁₃^-团簇中的中心Al原子时,所得到的BAl₁₂^-的电子壳层结构的1s²和1p⁶几乎和Al₁₃^-团簇保持一致. 此外,对于x=13时的准平面全硼团簇B₁₃^-,文章中用适应性自然密度划分（Adaptive Natural Density Partitioning,AdNDP）对其化学成键进行了分析,结果显示B₁₃^-有8个π电子,具有π反芳香性.     

Ru_n(n=2~8)金属团簇的结构和能级分布的DFT研究

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似(DFT/GGA)方法,对Run团簇(n = 2~8)的几何结构与稳定性、束缚能以及能级分布的关系进行了研究,并分析了随着团簇原子数的增加,团簇的几何结构和费米能级的变化,结果表明:Ru簇的几何结构在4个原子以前是平面结构,而从5个原子开始为空间立体的稳定结构,束缚能随金属原子数的增加而增加。能级结构呈明显的分立特征,费米能级随原子个数的增加而增加,但从Ru7开始又有所降低,且团簇的能量间隙逐渐减小,趋近于大块金属的能级特征。     

CnAl (n=2-11)团簇的结构特征与稳定性

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 在6-311++G**水平上对CnAl(n=2-11)团簇的几何构型和电子结构进行了结构优化和振动频率计算. 结果表明, n=2的CnAl团簇基态结构为Al原子与两个C原子相连形成的环状结构, n=3-11均为Al原子端基配位的线状结构. 通过对基态结构的能量分析, 得到了n为偶数的CnAl团簇比n为奇数团族稳定的结论.     

用密度泛函理论研究ZrnB（n=1-13）团簇的结构及性质

利用密度泛函理论,得到了ZrnB(n=1-13)团簇的基态结构,计算并讨论了团簇能量的二阶差分和离解能.结果表明,n=2,5,12时,相应团簇较稳定,特别是Zr5B团簇的稳定性最高.同时分析了ZrnB团簇的电子性质及磁性,结果显示能隙随n值的增大出现奇偶振荡趋势,特别是ZrM12B团簇的能隙只有0.015 eV,表明该团簇已具有金属性.电倚转移随n值增大,整体呈增大趋势,除了二聚体ZrB,电荷由B原子转移到Zr原子.利用Mulliken布居分析得到二聚体ZrB(5.000 μB)和团簇Zr4B(3.000 μB)的磁矩较大,ZrnB团簇中总磁矩主要来自Zr原子的4d轨道.     

电极电势:从电化学势说起*

对于原电池,电极电势的本质是化学体系对电极材料上电子势能的影响,其正负极电势差反映化学能向电能转化的趋势。电极界面上化学物质的氧化/还原反应是通过何种途径影响到电极上电子势能的,现有的教材和论著没有给出明确的解释。本文基于相间电化学势平衡原则阐明了固液界面上离子平衡与电极上电子电势的关系,并由此给出了标准电势的物理含义:它是构成电极体系一系列物性参数的组合,包括被测电极的电子、离子化学势,工作电极电解液的离子化学势,参比电极的电子、离子化学势和参比电极电解液的离子化学势等。     

Stern potential near gold and chromium surfaces in contact with aqueous and alcoholic ammonium salt solutions

The repulsive force between two solid surfaces immersed in electrolyte solution is created by overlapping of the electrical double layers adjacent to the solid surfaces when the separation is large enough so that solvation forces can be neglected. When the repulsive force is known, one can calculate the Sternpotential at the solid surfaces. The repulsive interactions in electrolyte solutions were directly measured between two high-grade polished fused silica plates, one planar, the other spherically curved. The surfaces were covered with thin gold or chromium layers and separated by aqueous and alcoholic solutions of NH₄Cl, NH₄Br and NH₄SCN in concentrations 10^–5–10^–2 M. The absolute value of the negative Stern potential derived from the repulsive forces increased when regarding the anions in the order

Comparison of methods for point‐charge representation of electrostatic fields

The calculation of the electrostatic potential resulting from an infinite or extended array of charges in the interior of a region of interest is a frequent task in computational chemistry. In case of a periodic potential this can, for example, be done by Ewald summation or by multipole methods. An important alternative are those methods where arrays of auxiliary point charges are optimized with respect to charge and/or position to reproduce the original electrostatic potential. In the literature different variations are reported. We compare the performance of some of these with respect to their ability to reproduce the original potential and the computational effort required. Between (1) surface charges determined by the conductor‐boundary condition, (2) optimized surface charges, and (3) surface charges floating on the surface we find that (2) offers good quality with small computational costs involved. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004     

A simple model for the Slater exchange potential and its performance for solids

A simple local model for the Slater exchange potential is determined by least square fit procedure from Hartree–Fock (HF) atomic data. Since the Slater potential is the exact exchange potential yielding HF electron density from Levy‐Perdew‐Sahni density functional formalism (Levy et al., Phys. Rev. A 1984, 30, 2745), the derived local potential is significantly more negative than the conventional local density approximation. On the set of 22 ionic, covalent and van der Waals solids including strongly correlated transition metal oxides, it has been demonstrated, that this simple model potential is capable of reproducing the band gaps nearly as good as popular meta GGA potentials in close agreement with experimental values.     

Toward a best adiabatic potential

The concept of a best adiabatic potential is discussed. It is emphasized that it should be best for a number of states, not just for a single state. One particular figure of merit is introduced and applied to a simple model.     

一种新的界面电位传感器

本文提出一种新的电化学界面电位传感器构建方法.     

Slater's nonlocal exchange potential and beyond

The local density approximation (LDA) to the exchange potential V_x( r ), namely the ρ^1/3 electron gas form, was already transcended in Slater's 1951 paper. Here, using Dirac's 1930 form for the exchange energy density ? _x( r ), the Slater (Sl) nonlocal exchange potential V( r ) is defined by 2? _x( r )/ρ( r ). In spherical atomic ions, say the Be or Ne‐like series, this form V( r ) already has the correct behavior in both r → 0 and r → ∞ limits when known properties of the exchange energy density ? _x( r ) and the ground‐state electron density ρ( r ) are invoked. As examples, some emphasis will first be given to the use of the so‐called 1/Z expansion in such spherical atomic ions, for which analytic results can be obtained for both ? _x( r ) and ρ( r ) as the atomic number Z becomes large. The usefulness of the 1/Z expansion is directly demonstrated for the U atomic ion with 18 electrons by comparison with the optimized effective potential prediction. A rather general integral equation for the exchange potential is then proposed. Finally, without appeal to large Z, two‐level systems are considered, with specific reference to the Be atom and to the LiH molecule. In all cases treated, the Slater potential V( r ) is a valuable starting point, even though it needs appreciable quantitative corrections reflecting directly atomic shell structure. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005     

Quantum‐based models of charge‐dependent potential energy surfaces: Three‐state models

Quantum‐based models of how potential energies depend on charge are developed from a three‐state model, at the level of neglecting state‐to‐state overlap. The energy as a function of charge is defined as proposed previously (Valone and Atlas, J Chem Phys 2004, 120, 7262). With this definition, addition of a third state smooths the derivatives of the energy model with respect to charge at integer values of charge that are in the interior of the allowed charge range. These derivatives are related to the chemical potential. At the dissociation limit, this model converges to established limits. Another dependence is proposed that uses two different charges simultaneously. The concepts are illustrated, with calculations on an OH molecule. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008     

The effect of isodensity surface sampling on ESP derived charges and the effect of adding bondcenters on DMA derived charges

The effect of sampling the electrostatic potential around a molecule on the quality of electrostatic potential derived charges is investigated. In addition, the effect of the number of expansion sites in a Distributed Multipole Analysis (DMA) on the quality of charges fitted to the DMA derived electrostatic potential is investigated. Sampling on constant electron density surfaces gives a better fit between the quantum mechanical potential and the potential derived from the fitted charges, compared to sampling on a van der Waals surface composed of intersecting spheres. The fit between the electrostatic potential derived from point charges and the quantum mechanical potential becomes poorer with increasing quality of the employed basis set. The inclusion of bondcenters into the calculations improves the fit between the Quantum Mechanical (QM) electrostatic potential and the DMA derived potential. The number of expansion sites needed for an accurate approximation of the QM electrostatic potential increases with increasing quality of the used basis set.     

含Pb铝合金表面的电化学溶解趋势

利用一个简单层状模型通过第一性原理的密度泛函理论研究了表面Pb含量变化对Al(100)表面Al原子的化学势和电化学溶解电势的影响规律.计算结果表明,当表面层Pb含量为1/9、1/4、1/2和3/4 ML(monolayer)时,与纯铝相比,表面Al原子的化学势分别升高了0.13、0.17、0.57和0.64 eV,表面Al原子的溶解电极电势分别偏移了-0.04、-0.06、-0.19和-0.21 V.溶解电势向负方向偏移,表明含Pb的Al(100)表面的Al原子在更低的电势条件下就可以溶解了.同时,表面Pb含量不同会引起表面Al原子向内不同程度的弛豫,导致表面Al的化学环境和表面结构发生变化,进一步表明金属表面原子的化学势和溶解电极电势受原子周围的化学环境的影响.表面Mülliken电荷布居分析证实,随着表面Pb含量增加,Pb原子与Al原子之间的电荷交换作用增强,使表面Al原子总的负电荷数增加,导致表面电位下降,表面功函数也减小,也促使Al表面更易于发生电化学腐蚀反应.