Underlying probability distributions of Planck's radiation law

The derivation of Planck's radiation law can be considered as a transformation of a thermodynamic relation for black-body radiation into a fundamental relation in which the error law is the negative binomial distribution. In both limiting frequency ranges it transforms into Poisson distributions; in the Wien limit, it is the distribution of the number of photons, whose most probable value is given by Boltzmann's expression, while in the Rayleigh-Jeans limit, it is the distribution of the number of Planck oscillators. In the general case, they are Bernoullian random variables. In the Rayleigh-Jeans limit, the probability of determining the number of oscillators in a given frequency interval for a fixed value of the energy can be inverted to determining the probability of the energy for a fixed number of oscillators. The probability density is that of the canonical ensemble.     

Optical pulse propagation in an irregular waveguide with spatially distributed Kerr-like nonlinearity

A nonstationary two-dimensional problem of propagation of a femtosecond pulse in a planar waveguide comprised of linear and nonlinear sections connected in series is solved using the finite-difference method. The accuracy of the finite-difference techniques is analyzed as applied to solution of stationary and nonstationary two-dimensional quasi-linear equations of light propagation in step-index waveguides. The effects of wave instability on the dynamics of the spatiotemporal pulse distribution in a nonlinear waveguide are studied. It is shown that, due to the retarded nonlinear response of the medium and the dependence of the group velocity of the pulse on its intensity, radiation continuously leaks from the fiber core to the cladding as the pulse propagates along the fiber.     

相位退相干下二项式光场与原子相互作用的纠缠特性

利用全量子理论及部分转置矩阵负本征值的方法,研究了存在相位退相干时多光子T-C模型中两个二能级原子与二项式光场相互作用系统中两原子的纠缠演化特性。讨论了二项式光场的最大光子数M、二项式光场系数η、相位退相干系数γ、跃迁光子数m对原子间纠缠度的影响。结果表明:在γ的作用下,随着M的增加,两原子间纠缠较容易达到稳定的状态,且纠缠度的稳定值变大;选取适当的参量后,随着η的增加,两原子间的纠缠更容易趋于稳定状态,纠缠度稳定值将变小;η越小,纠缠演化的周期越明显。随着γ的增大,纠缠演化不具有周期性易趋于退纠缠。随着m的增大,振荡周期缩短,纠缠强度减弱。     

红外热辐射光源配光特性的快速测量及仿真

红外热辐射光源在光声光谱检测等领域具有重要的应用价值,明确其配光特性是后续光学系统设计的基础.根据水冷散热下红外热辐射光源辐射通量的变化规律,提出快速获取高功率红外热辐射光源配光特性的方法并对其进行相关验证.实验结果表明,光源辐射通量的最大值在80°的角度处,两侧的辐射通量缓慢减小,能量分散在0°～130°的角度范围内...     

Quantum Properties of Odd Excited Negative Binomial States of the Radiation Field

The odd excited negative binomial states are introduced using the photon creation operator by repeated application on negative binomialstates. These states interpolate between the odd displaced Fock states and the odd excited pure thermal states. In this paper both squeezing phenomena (normal squeezing and amplitude squared squeezing) are discussed. Besides discussion of the Glauber second-order correlation function, investigations are carried out for the quasi-probability distribution functions (Wigner function and Q-function). Finally the Pegg-Barnett phase probability distribution is computed for these states.     

空间目标的可见光散射与红外辐射

利用Lowtran7大气传输模型计算0.4～0.8μm可见光波段的太阳辐射、大气自身的热辐射以及天地背景辐射.依据粗糙面光散射理论与双向反射分布函数计算空中目标表面对太阳辐射和云层对阳光反射的散射.利用传热学和背景辐射理论,根据能量守恒定律建立空间目标表面温度的热平衡方程.以气球为例,计算不同表面涂层材料的气球,在不同地理位置、不同高度和不同时间条件下,其温度及辐射功率的变化.分析空间目标红外辐射特性的一般规律和特征.     

Even and Odd Nonlinear Negative Binomial States

In this paper the even and odd nonlinear negative binomial states of the radiation field are introduced. These states interpolates between even (odd) number states and the even (odd) nonlinear coherent states. The Glauber second-order correlation function is calculated for these states. The squeezing phenomenon (normal and amplitude-squared squeezing), the quasi-probability distribution function Q-function, Wigner-function and the phase properties, are also discussed. Examination of the resonance fluorescence against the present state is given. It has been shown that the atomic inversion is sensitive to any variation in the even and odd nonlinear negative binomial number M and the nonlinearity parameter η.     

Statistical Properties and Algebraic Characteristics of Quantum Superpositions of Negative Binomial States

We introduce new kinds of states of quantized radiation fields,which are the superpositions of megative binomial states.They exhibit remarkable nonclassical properties and reduce to Schrodinger cat states in a certain limit.The algebras involved in the even and odd negative binomial states turn out to be generally deformed oscillator algebras.It is found that the even and odd negative binomial states satisfy the same eigenvalue equation with the same eigenvalue and they can be viewed as two-photon nonlinear coherent states.Two methods of generating such the states are proposed.     

Analysis of precipitation characteristics of South and North China based on the power-law tail exponents

Precipitation sequence is a typical nonlinear and chaotic observational series, and studies on precipitation forecasts are restricted to the use of traditional linear statistical methods, especially when analysing the regional characteristics of precipitation. In the context of 20 stations＇ daily precipitation series （from 1956 to 2000） in South China （SC） and North China （NC）, we divide each precipitation series into many self-stationary segments by using the heuristic segmentation algorithm （briefly BG algorithm）. For each station＇s precipitation series, we calculate the exponent of power-law tall （EPT） of the cumulative probability distribution of segments with a length larger than l for precipitation and temperature series. Our results show that the power-law decay of the cumulative probability distribution of stationary segments might be a common attribution for precipitation and other nonstationary time series; the EPT somewhat indicates the precipitation duration and its spatial distribution that might be different from area to area. The EPT in NC is larger than in SC; Meanwhile, EPT might be another effective way to study the abrupt changes in nonlinear and nonstationary time series.     

Wigner Function of Density Operator for Negative Binomial Distribution

By using the technique of integration within an ordered product （IWOP） of operator we derive Wigner function of density operator for negative binomial distribution of radiation field in the mixed state case, then we derive the Wigner function of squeezed number state, which yields negative binomial distribution by virtue of the entangled state representation and the entangled Wigner operator.     

空间目标的可见光散射与红外辐射

利用Lowtran7大气传输模型计算了0．4～0．8μm可见光波段的太阳辐射、大气自身的热辐射以及天地背景辐射。利用粗糙面光散射理论与双向反射分布函数计算了空中目标表面对太阳辐射、云层对阳光反射的散射。并利用传热学和背景辐射理论，根据能量守恒定律建立了空间目标表面温度的热平衡方程。以气球为例，计算了不同表面涂层材料的气球在不同地理位置、不同高度、不同时间、温度及辐射功率的变化。分析了空间目标红外辐射特性的一般规律和特征。     

Letter: Quantum Nonthermal Radiation of Nonstationary Kerr-Newman-de Sitter Black Holes

Quantum nonthermal radiation of a nonstationary Kerr-Newman-de Sitter black hole is investigated. A crossing of the positive and negative Dirac energy levels occurs in a region near the event horizon of the hole, and spontaneous quantum nonthermal radiation takes place in the overlap region.     

Mechanism of blackbody radiation

The law of error for Bose statistics is not unique; the family of probability distributions differ insofar as zero-point energy is concerned. This is traced back to the spontaneous emission term in the Einstein mechanism of emission and absorption of radiation. It is argued that the spontaneous emission term is unimportant for blackbody radiation and an alternative mechanism is proposed in which thermal equilibrium is secured through a constraint on the number of quanta in any given mode of the radiation field. Both mechanisms predict a modification of the Maxwell velocity distribution at high frequencies and are compared in relation to Doppler broadening and their low-temperature behavior.     

Hadron production ine +e− annihilation and μ-p collisions under the assumption of longitudinal phase space dominance

Rapidity and multiplicity distributions are calculated for the hadrons produced ine ⁺e^? annihilation and deep inelastic muon-proton collisions for c.m. energies of 10 to 40 GeV. The hypothesis of longitudinal phase space dominance leads to a probability distribution which is identical to that of a grand canonical ensemble of non-interacting particles. We successfully describe experimental rapidity distributions, domains of Feynman-x scaling and scaling violations and the rapidity dependence of the mean transverse momentum. Multiplicity distributions are derived to be close to negative binomial distributions even for finite rapidity intervals. The plateau in the rapidity distribution is the origin for the negative binomial distribution in multiplicity. The mean number of hadrons of each species and the mean overall transverse momentum are the main input parameters in our calculation and are taken from experiment.     

Statistical properties of the nonlinear negative binomial state

In this context, we introduce and investigate the properties of the nonlinear negative binomial state (the state which interpolates between the nonlinear coherent and the number states). Mainly we concentrate on the statistical properties for such state where we have discussed two different cases of squeezing phenomenon. The first case is the normal squeezing while the second is the amplitude squared squeezing, further the second order correlation function is also considered. Our discussion have been extended to include the quasi-probability distribution functions (W-Wigner and Q-functions). The quadrature distribution and the phase properties in Pegg-Barnett formalism besides the phase variances are considered. Examination of the resonance fluorescence against the present state is given (single atom and thermodynamic limit). It has been shown that the atomic inversion is sensitive to any variation in the nonlinear negative binomial number m.     

Kink dynamics in the medium with a random force and dissipation in the sine-Gordon model

Within the formalism of the Fokker-Planck equation, the influence of nonstationary external force, random force, and dissipation effects on the kink dynamics is investigated in the sine-Gordon model. The equation of evolution of the kink momentum is obtained in the form of the stochastic differential equation in the Stratonovich sense within the framework of the well-known McLaughlin and Scott energy approach. The corresponding Fokker-Planck equation for the momentum distribution function coincides with the equation describing the Ornstein-Uhlenbek process with a regular nonstationary external force. The influence of the nonlinear stochastic effects on the kink dynamics is considered with the help of the Fokker-Planck nonlinear equation with the shift coefficient dependent on the first moment of the kink momentum distribution function. Expressions are derived for average value and variance of the momentum. Examples are considered which demonstrate the influence of the external regular and random forces on the evolution of the average value and variance of the kink momentum. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 44–51, February, 2008.     

LIGHT SCATTERING AND INFRARED RADIATION OF SPATIAL OBJECTS

In this paper, the characteristic of light scattering and infrared radiation of spatial objects are discussed. The spectral distribution of solar, sky and earth background radiation is given. Based on theories of heat transfer, background radiation and the law of energy conservation, the thermal balance equation for spatial objects can be obtained. With the equation solved and thermal meshwork method, the variation of the thermal equilibrium temperature and radiation power with height is discussed under the conditions of different time zone and altitude.     

Dynamical Properties of Some Statistical Quantities for a Quantum System in Generalized Negative Binomial States

We estimate the quantum state of a qubit and a quantized radiation field yielding a generalized negative binomial distribution (GNBD). We give an explicit form for various generalized negative binomial states associated to superposition, even, odd, and q-deformed states. We investigate the dynamical properties of the Mandel parameter as a quantifier of the statistical properties for the radiation field corresponding to its dynamics. We obtain the quantum Fisher information based on the estimation of the atomic state and compare it with the Mandel parameter for different instances of the GNBD. The link between the statistical quantities for different parameters of the GNBD is explored.     

神光Ⅲ原型受激拉曼与受激布里渊散射份额测量

激光注入率测量是黑腔耦合效率测量至关重要的一个环节,主要通过散射光测量来实现。在神光Ⅲ原型激光装置上进行的黑腔物理实验中,利用PIN探头阵列进行了散射光角分布测量。通过拟合分析,发现原型装置上激光等离子体非线性相互作用较神光Ⅱ装置要强,其中受激拉曼份额在10%量级,受激布里渊散射在20%量级。将由此评估的激光靶耦合效率代入辐射温度定标率公式中,得出的辐射温度值与实验中Dante测量值符合较好,说明对参量过程份额的评估具有一定可靠性。